Future stability of homogeneous cosmological models with matter
... non-gravitational matter content. It is divergence free (Conservation of energy-momentum). Concerning the concrete matter model one is spoilt for choice. The most popular matter model is the vacuum model. From now on I will only talk about the future dynamics. ...
... non-gravitational matter content. It is divergence free (Conservation of energy-momentum). Concerning the concrete matter model one is spoilt for choice. The most popular matter model is the vacuum model. From now on I will only talk about the future dynamics. ...
mathematical principles of natural philosophy
... mass defined quantity of matter. In Newton’s physics, mass provided the link between force and motion, and it provided the source of gravity. For Lavoisier, the persistence of mass, its accurate conservation, provided the foundation of chemistry, and offered a fruitful guide to discovery. If mass se ...
... mass defined quantity of matter. In Newton’s physics, mass provided the link between force and motion, and it provided the source of gravity. For Lavoisier, the persistence of mass, its accurate conservation, provided the foundation of chemistry, and offered a fruitful guide to discovery. If mass se ...
Effects of color superconductivity on the nucleation of quark matter in
... star (see e.g. Bombaci et al. 2004). In bulk, the transition begins when the Gibbs conditions ∆P = 0 and ∆µ = 0 are verified. However, as a consequence of the surface effects, it is now necessary to have an overpressure ∆P = P − P0 > 0 with respect to the bulk transition point. This overpressure will ...
... star (see e.g. Bombaci et al. 2004). In bulk, the transition begins when the Gibbs conditions ∆P = 0 and ∆µ = 0 are verified. However, as a consequence of the surface effects, it is now necessary to have an overpressure ∆P = P − P0 > 0 with respect to the bulk transition point. This overpressure will ...
Maximum Mass Restraint of Neutron Stars
... star are influenced at high levels. A solid conclusion is not possible however, until more high level magnetic fields can be observed. In most cases particular temperature, pressure, and quantum state requirements must be met for significant changes in the EOS to take place. Even if just the outer l ...
... star are influenced at high levels. A solid conclusion is not possible however, until more high level magnetic fields can be observed. In most cases particular temperature, pressure, and quantum state requirements must be met for significant changes in the EOS to take place. Even if just the outer l ...
Matrix Product States for Lattice Gauge Theories
... the fundamental theory of electromagnetism, namely quantum electrodynamics (QED) this approach was extremly successful, and led to very precise predictions like the Lamb shift or the magnetic moment of the electron [38]. However, perturbation theory as a calculational tool fails once interactions be ...
... the fundamental theory of electromagnetism, namely quantum electrodynamics (QED) this approach was extremly successful, and led to very precise predictions like the Lamb shift or the magnetic moment of the electron [38]. However, perturbation theory as a calculational tool fails once interactions be ...
Discrete Symmetries
... of a system under a continuous symmetry transformation leads to a conservation law by Noethers’ theorem. For example, the invariance under space and time translations results in momentum and energy conservation. Besides these continuous symmetries one has discrete symmetries that play an important r ...
... of a system under a continuous symmetry transformation leads to a conservation law by Noethers’ theorem. For example, the invariance under space and time translations results in momentum and energy conservation. Besides these continuous symmetries one has discrete symmetries that play an important r ...
Author`s personal copy
... ‘vortex fields’ (Aμ , φ1 ), with vanishing ‘condensate fields’ (Aμ , φ2 ). This embedded vortex is however unstable, but being topological it does not unwind into vacuum and relaxes to a ‘dressed vortex’ which contains a condensate of charged scalar bosons in the core described by φ2 = 0. Giving th ...
... ‘vortex fields’ (Aμ , φ1 ), with vanishing ‘condensate fields’ (Aμ , φ2 ). This embedded vortex is however unstable, but being topological it does not unwind into vacuum and relaxes to a ‘dressed vortex’ which contains a condensate of charged scalar bosons in the core described by φ2 = 0. Giving th ...
User Manual v2.1 Copyright © 2011 - 2014 Nicholas F. Chilton
... The Hamiltonian is composed of operators which act on the angular momentum basis functions to yield the matrix elements. The Hamiltonian is split into four components: the SO coupling, ̂ , the exchange coupling, ̂ , the CF interaction, ̂ and the Zeeman effect, ...
... The Hamiltonian is composed of operators which act on the angular momentum basis functions to yield the matrix elements. The Hamiltonian is split into four components: the SO coupling, ̂ , the exchange coupling, ̂ , the CF interaction, ̂ and the Zeeman effect, ...
Symmetry_of_Properties - IITK - Indian Institute of Technology
... applied as in Fig.1b the body will elongate, while if applied as in Fig.1c the body will shear. Hence, we need to specify the plane on which the force is acting. In case in Fig.1b the +F force is acting on the +x-plane along the +x direction this is written as Fxx. In Fig.1c the force +F is actin ...
... applied as in Fig.1b the body will elongate, while if applied as in Fig.1c the body will shear. Hence, we need to specify the plane on which the force is acting. In case in Fig.1b the +F force is acting on the +x-plane along the +x direction this is written as Fxx. In Fig.1c the force +F is actin ...
B Non-Conservation, Cold Dark Matter and Subpreon Model § 1
... In order to connect known interactions, it is almost certain that one mu~t introduce new interactions. If leptons and quarks are taken fundamental as in the GUT approach, it necessarily restricts properties of newly introduced interactions severely because the interactions acting among leptons and q ...
... In order to connect known interactions, it is almost certain that one mu~t introduce new interactions. If leptons and quarks are taken fundamental as in the GUT approach, it necessarily restricts properties of newly introduced interactions severely because the interactions acting among leptons and q ...
G
... Axions, the Other Dark Matter PecceiQuinn ('77), Wilczek ('78), Weinberg ('78) proposed a solution: ...
... Axions, the Other Dark Matter PecceiQuinn ('77), Wilczek ('78), Weinberg ('78) proposed a solution: ...
Slides - GSI Indico
... Theoretical description of QGP: 1. Perturbative QCD (finite temperature): Valid only for small coupling, i.e. at high temperatures (T>>Tc) Polarization tensor, quark self-energy, dispersion relations, damping and production rates, transport coefficients, energy loss, … Apart from color factors simi ...
... Theoretical description of QGP: 1. Perturbative QCD (finite temperature): Valid only for small coupling, i.e. at high temperatures (T>>Tc) Polarization tensor, quark self-energy, dispersion relations, damping and production rates, transport coefficients, energy loss, … Apart from color factors simi ...
Delta isobars in neutron stars
... case, on the quark stars branch the star with the same number of baryons has a smaller gravitational mass and the conversion occurs. At variance with the previous case, the final quark star configuration has a radius larger than the one of the hadronic star progenitor. The process of conversion of a h ...
... case, on the quark stars branch the star with the same number of baryons has a smaller gravitational mass and the conversion occurs. At variance with the previous case, the final quark star configuration has a radius larger than the one of the hadronic star progenitor. The process of conversion of a h ...
16 Neutrino Oscillations
... Neutrinos are the least understood of the Standard Model fermions. They have zero electric charge and zero colour charge and therefore their only interactions are due to the weak force and gravity. There are known to be exactly three neutrinos with mµ < mZ /2. In the Standard Model neutrinos are des ...
... Neutrinos are the least understood of the Standard Model fermions. They have zero electric charge and zero colour charge and therefore their only interactions are due to the weak force and gravity. There are known to be exactly three neutrinos with mµ < mZ /2. In the Standard Model neutrinos are des ...
G0900505-v1 - DCC
... • Nuclear density, temperature below Fermi temperature. • Spin-up during glitch is very fast (<100 s). – NOT electomagnetic torque ...
... • Nuclear density, temperature below Fermi temperature. • Spin-up during glitch is very fast (<100 s). – NOT electomagnetic torque ...
Crystallography
... molten SiO2 very quickly; quartz crystals form when molten SiO2 is cooled very slowly or by precipitation from solution. ...
... molten SiO2 very quickly; quartz crystals form when molten SiO2 is cooled very slowly or by precipitation from solution. ...
Durham Research Online
... frequencies, derivatives with respect to applied electric field give molecular polarizability or dielectric permittivities, and magnetic fields lead to nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and magnetic susceptibilities. It is sometimes possible to calculate a response using a finite-difference ...
... frequencies, derivatives with respect to applied electric field give molecular polarizability or dielectric permittivities, and magnetic fields lead to nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and magnetic susceptibilities. It is sometimes possible to calculate a response using a finite-difference ...
Negative Refractive Index in Chiral Metamaterials Shuang Zhang, Yong-Shik Park, Jensen Li,
... by utilizing material chirality has been first theoretically proposed by Tretyakov [8], and later independently proposed by Pendry and Monzon [9,10], which may bring new perspectives and functionalities that go beyond the conventional NIMs [8,11,12]. A material is defined to be chiral if it lacks an ...
... by utilizing material chirality has been first theoretically proposed by Tretyakov [8], and later independently proposed by Pendry and Monzon [9,10], which may bring new perspectives and functionalities that go beyond the conventional NIMs [8,11,12]. A material is defined to be chiral if it lacks an ...
General formula for symmetry factors of Feynman diagrams
... in Lagrangian. These factors are obtained by taking partial derivatives of respective interacting terms. Furthermore, we need to write down each interacting term of the Lagrangian in form of [vertex factor × T -product], then omit this vertex factor in our calculation. The symmetry factor now depend ...
... in Lagrangian. These factors are obtained by taking partial derivatives of respective interacting terms. Furthermore, we need to write down each interacting term of the Lagrangian in form of [vertex factor × T -product], then omit this vertex factor in our calculation. The symmetry factor now depend ...
Spin-orbit coupling
... fields, not present in their experiment But they still ascribe this feature to weak localisation and furthermore argue that the presence of weak localisation is incompatible with the Fermi level being in strongly spin orbit coupled valence band ??!! But is their main basis even right? ...
... fields, not present in their experiment But they still ascribe this feature to weak localisation and furthermore argue that the presence of weak localisation is incompatible with the Fermi level being in strongly spin orbit coupled valence band ??!! But is their main basis even right? ...
Global and Local Gauge Symmetries
... particle to another form, alternative charge carriers must be used to balance charges, since using actual antiparticles for this purpose can only produce annihilations. But can the weak force guarantee that the alternative charge carriers - which may be a meson, a neutrino, or a massive lepton - wil ...
... particle to another form, alternative charge carriers must be used to balance charges, since using actual antiparticles for this purpose can only produce annihilations. But can the weak force guarantee that the alternative charge carriers - which may be a meson, a neutrino, or a massive lepton - wil ...
Braking of the space crafts caused by the vacuum
... environment", consisting of the "sea" of the virtual particles. Charged virtual particles being under the influence of the changing electromagnetic field begin its own oscillations just like real particles do. It should be stressed that virtual particles can not diffract, because in order to be able ...
... environment", consisting of the "sea" of the virtual particles. Charged virtual particles being under the influence of the changing electromagnetic field begin its own oscillations just like real particles do. It should be stressed that virtual particles can not diffract, because in order to be able ...
transparencies
... Panel’s report not yet written; will be at SLAC next week for PEP-II; but they seem to be heading towards something like this: – It is too early to judge the physics and the luminosity promise of the Tevatron. – Similarly, too early to judge the LHC schedule. – Recommend to review the program again ...
... Panel’s report not yet written; will be at SLAC next week for PEP-II; but they seem to be heading towards something like this: – It is too early to judge the physics and the luminosity promise of the Tevatron. – Similarly, too early to judge the LHC schedule. – Recommend to review the program again ...
Flexoelectric blue phases
... flexoelectric blue phase becomes stabilised over an increasing temperature interval between the isotropic and splay–bend phases. The discrepancy between the numerical and analytic phase boundaries is similar to that found in cholesterics and arises from neglecting higher order wavevector harmonics i ...
... flexoelectric blue phase becomes stabilised over an increasing temperature interval between the isotropic and splay–bend phases. The discrepancy between the numerical and analytic phase boundaries is similar to that found in cholesterics and arises from neglecting higher order wavevector harmonics i ...
Magnetized Quark and Strange Quark Matter in the Spherical Symmetric Space-Time Admitting Conformal Motion
... freedom, (b) confinement at zero baryon density and deconfinement at high baryon density, (c) chiral symmetry restoration and (d) gives stable uncharged β-stable strange matter. These EOSs have later been approximated to a linear form by [50] which has the from, ...
... freedom, (b) confinement at zero baryon density and deconfinement at high baryon density, (c) chiral symmetry restoration and (d) gives stable uncharged β-stable strange matter. These EOSs have later been approximated to a linear form by [50] which has the from, ...