A stable isotope (d C, d N) model for the North Water food web
... assumptions that Calanus hyperboreus occupies TL 2.0 and there is a 2.4% trophic enrichment in 15N between birds and their diets, and a 3.8% trophic enrichment for all other components. This model placed the planktivorous dovekie (Alle alle) at TL 3.3, ringed seal (Phoca hispida) at TL 4.5, and pola ...
... assumptions that Calanus hyperboreus occupies TL 2.0 and there is a 2.4% trophic enrichment in 15N between birds and their diets, and a 3.8% trophic enrichment for all other components. This model placed the planktivorous dovekie (Alle alle) at TL 3.3, ringed seal (Phoca hispida) at TL 4.5, and pola ...
Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts
... 2002), marine food webs are not too distinct from well- ...
... 2002), marine food webs are not too distinct from well- ...
Document
... through field study techniques and organisms live in a variety of habitats, which may be classified according to these factors. Organisms in food webs interact via relationships and consumer levels as energy cycles through food webs . Marine organisms interact and populate habitats in various ways t ...
... through field study techniques and organisms live in a variety of habitats, which may be classified according to these factors. Organisms in food webs interact via relationships and consumer levels as energy cycles through food webs . Marine organisms interact and populate habitats in various ways t ...
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the
... ABSTRACT: Epibenthic community structure, somatic production and energy flow were studied in the Caeté mangrove estuary in North Brazil on for 3 representative strata: high intertidal forest (F), small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustac ...
... ABSTRACT: Epibenthic community structure, somatic production and energy flow were studied in the Caeté mangrove estuary in North Brazil on for 3 representative strata: high intertidal forest (F), small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustac ...
Non-consumptive effects of a top-predator decrease the strength of
... to determine the effect of top-predator cues on lizard consumption without considering the subsequent effects on lower trophic levels (see methods in Supplementary material Appendix 1). The main experiment, conducted in September 2012, aimed at determining the non-consumptive effects of top-predator ...
... to determine the effect of top-predator cues on lizard consumption without considering the subsequent effects on lower trophic levels (see methods in Supplementary material Appendix 1). The main experiment, conducted in September 2012, aimed at determining the non-consumptive effects of top-predator ...
Habitat coupling in lake ecosystems
... zooplankton, planktonic life-stages of insects, and fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantial ...
... zooplankton, planktonic life-stages of insects, and fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantial ...
Benthic grazers and suspension feeders: Which one assumes the
... ABSTRACT: Size-frequency histograms of biomass, secondary production, respiration a n d energy flow of 4 dominant macrobenthic communities of the intertidal bay of K6nlgshafen were analysed and compared. In the shallow sandy fiats (Nereis-Corophium-belt [N.C.-belt], seagrass-bed and Arenicola-flat) ...
... ABSTRACT: Size-frequency histograms of biomass, secondary production, respiration a n d energy flow of 4 dominant macrobenthic communities of the intertidal bay of K6nlgshafen were analysed and compared. In the shallow sandy fiats (Nereis-Corophium-belt [N.C.-belt], seagrass-bed and Arenicola-flat) ...
Ciliate (Euplotes sp.) predation by Pseudodiaptomus annandalei
... and rotifers (Dhanker et al. 2012). No information is as yet available on the feeding potential of P. annandalei on ciliate protists. Ciliates were identified as a major food source of copepods in detritus-rich estuaries with lower chlorophyll levels (Landry et al. 1993; Atkinson 1996; Vincent and H ...
... and rotifers (Dhanker et al. 2012). No information is as yet available on the feeding potential of P. annandalei on ciliate protists. Ciliates were identified as a major food source of copepods in detritus-rich estuaries with lower chlorophyll levels (Landry et al. 1993; Atkinson 1996; Vincent and H ...
Inventory of aquatic plants in the Danube Delta: a pilot study
... (SÂRBU et al. 1997). Forests occur in a relatively small portion of the Delta, covering approximately 5% of its total surface. These can be divided into two different types: forests in the fluvial zone and forests in the marine zone of the Delta. A unique structure is represented by the so-called “p ...
... (SÂRBU et al. 1997). Forests occur in a relatively small portion of the Delta, covering approximately 5% of its total surface. These can be divided into two different types: forests in the fluvial zone and forests in the marine zone of the Delta. A unique structure is represented by the so-called “p ...
ECOLOGY
... Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical seas. Many types of corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae. Algae leave the coral when the water is too wa ...
... Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical seas. Many types of corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae. Algae leave the coral when the water is too wa ...
Is the role of trophic control larger in a stressed ecosystem?
... Earlier, we have shown that a higher average positional keystone index of trophic components leads to less reliable energy flows through a food web (Jordán and Molnár 1999, Jordán et al. 1999). This means that the food supply of higher consumers is more secure if points in the flow network are of si ...
... Earlier, we have shown that a higher average positional keystone index of trophic components leads to less reliable energy flows through a food web (Jordán and Molnár 1999, Jordán et al. 1999). This means that the food supply of higher consumers is more secure if points in the flow network are of si ...
Diel movements of out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
... Joaquin Delta where it widens upon converging with the San Joaquin River creating the largest freshwater tidal Estuary on the United States Pacific Coast. The Delta has been modified for agriculture purposes and water exports to Southern California. This part of the watershed is more vegetated than ...
... Joaquin Delta where it widens upon converging with the San Joaquin River creating the largest freshwater tidal Estuary on the United States Pacific Coast. The Delta has been modified for agriculture purposes and water exports to Southern California. This part of the watershed is more vegetated than ...
Littoral - pelagic zone food web interactions in fishless, highly humic
... and ultimately to carnivores is referred to as a food chain. Early workers realized that many species belong to several food chains and that these chains form food webs (Hardy 1924, Elton 1927). Since their conception a large amount of theoretical work has been developed around food webs. However, t ...
... and ultimately to carnivores is referred to as a food chain. Early workers realized that many species belong to several food chains and that these chains form food webs (Hardy 1924, Elton 1927). Since their conception a large amount of theoretical work has been developed around food webs. However, t ...
Get cached
... energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. There is great biological diversity and abundance – 36 species of marine mammals, more than 300,000 seabirds, and 30 endangered and threatened species – in the Gulf of the Farallones. In the Food Web unit, students learn about the connections ...
... energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. There is great biological diversity and abundance – 36 species of marine mammals, more than 300,000 seabirds, and 30 endangered and threatened species – in the Gulf of the Farallones. In the Food Web unit, students learn about the connections ...
Trophic structure and interactions in Lake Ayamé \(Côte d`Ivoire\)
... between different groups in the system. This is one reason why Polovina (1984) developed Ecopath (modified by Christensen and Pauly, 1992; Walters et al., 1999; Christensen et al., 2005), a steady-state model of trophic interactions in ecosystems. The relative simplicity of this model compared with ...
... between different groups in the system. This is one reason why Polovina (1984) developed Ecopath (modified by Christensen and Pauly, 1992; Walters et al., 1999; Christensen et al., 2005), a steady-state model of trophic interactions in ecosystems. The relative simplicity of this model compared with ...
Absence of predation eliminates coexistence
... hatching eggs would be maladaptive. Severe competition for limiting resources imposes a strong selective pressure for postponing reproduction or for producing resting eggs until food levels have increased. Offspring can only survive when born in a short time window between such an increase in food l ...
... hatching eggs would be maladaptive. Severe competition for limiting resources imposes a strong selective pressure for postponing reproduction or for producing resting eggs until food levels have increased. Offspring can only survive when born in a short time window between such an increase in food l ...
Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina) Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) are very
... contaminants such as phosphorous, nitrogen and other household waste products. These small organisms have a complex life cycle and are one of the few organisms that can survive in very salty waters. In fact, they would not be able to survive in fresh water. Their cysts hatch best in about one to six ...
... contaminants such as phosphorous, nitrogen and other household waste products. These small organisms have a complex life cycle and are one of the few organisms that can survive in very salty waters. In fact, they would not be able to survive in fresh water. Their cysts hatch best in about one to six ...
Competition, predation and flow rate as mediators
... and primary producers. Concomitantly, we evaluated how the physical characteristics of the environment influenced the interaction between species and the dynamic of the entire food chain. To do this, we conducted a semi-natural stream channel experiment in a North American river using the native Atl ...
... and primary producers. Concomitantly, we evaluated how the physical characteristics of the environment influenced the interaction between species and the dynamic of the entire food chain. To do this, we conducted a semi-natural stream channel experiment in a North American river using the native Atl ...
Trophic organization and food web structure of
... ABSTRACT: Trophic organization and food web structure of southeastern Brazilian streams: a review. The present study reviews some trophic patterns of southeastern Brazilian streams. The food resources availability, the relationship between production and importation, the establishment of feeding gui ...
... ABSTRACT: Trophic organization and food web structure of southeastern Brazilian streams: a review. The present study reviews some trophic patterns of southeastern Brazilian streams. The food resources availability, the relationship between production and importation, the establishment of feeding gui ...
On the influence of food quality in consumer± resource interactions
... point for the functional response between the nutrient and the prey; k2 is the mass of nutrient per unit of consumer biomass (gN gC71); k3 is the conversion of nutrient mass to prey biomass (gR gN71); k4 is the half saturation point of the functional response between the nutrient and the consumer; x ...
... point for the functional response between the nutrient and the prey; k2 is the mass of nutrient per unit of consumer biomass (gN gC71); k3 is the conversion of nutrient mass to prey biomass (gR gN71); k4 is the half saturation point of the functional response between the nutrient and the consumer; x ...
Differential support of lake food webs by three types of terrestrial
... To support the dual isotope flow (DIF) model (described below), the standing stocks of carbon pools and many of the fluxes among these pools were measured. These measurements included: daily concentrations of DIC and pCO2; weekly concentrations of chlorophyll a (an indicator of phytoplankton biomass ...
... To support the dual isotope flow (DIF) model (described below), the standing stocks of carbon pools and many of the fluxes among these pools were measured. These measurements included: daily concentrations of DIC and pCO2; weekly concentrations of chlorophyll a (an indicator of phytoplankton biomass ...
Food web complexity and chaotic population dynamics
... oscillations are the principal dynamical states that mathematical models of multispecies communities generate (Hastings & Powell 1991; McCann & Hastings 1997; McCann et al. 1998; Post et al. 2000). Examples of chaotic dynamics in field (Hanski et al. 1993) or laboratory populations (Costantino et al ...
... oscillations are the principal dynamical states that mathematical models of multispecies communities generate (Hastings & Powell 1991; McCann & Hastings 1997; McCann et al. 1998; Post et al. 2000). Examples of chaotic dynamics in field (Hanski et al. 1993) or laboratory populations (Costantino et al ...
The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump
... inorganic nutrients to the phototrophic producers (the phytoplankton), then to their consumers (as micro- and mesozooplankton), and ultimately to fisheries (Cushing, 1975, 1995); within this framework the role of the microbial loop (Azam et al., 1983; Gifford, 1991; Sherr and Sherr, 2002) is typical ...
... inorganic nutrients to the phototrophic producers (the phytoplankton), then to their consumers (as micro- and mesozooplankton), and ultimately to fisheries (Cushing, 1975, 1995); within this framework the role of the microbial loop (Azam et al., 1983; Gifford, 1991; Sherr and Sherr, 2002) is typical ...
Asian Carp Invasion Lesson Plan
... feeding on juvenile or smaller adult Asian carp. Largemouth bass have often been observed feeding on small juvenile Asian carp, and many other native predators probably also feed on them before they grow too large. However, Asian carp produce many offspring which grow quickly and, if conditions are ...
... feeding on juvenile or smaller adult Asian carp. Largemouth bass have often been observed feeding on small juvenile Asian carp, and many other native predators probably also feed on them before they grow too large. However, Asian carp produce many offspring which grow quickly and, if conditions are ...
The adaptive value of migrations for the bivalve Macoma balthica
... Swimming as a means of entering and staying in the water column is only described for polychaetes and crustaceans. The polychaete Nereis diversicolor swims in an eel-like way, but also moves the parapodia (Gray 1939). Nereis virens and Nephtys hombergi also swim in this way, although N. hombergi doe ...
... Swimming as a means of entering and staying in the water column is only described for polychaetes and crustaceans. The polychaete Nereis diversicolor swims in an eel-like way, but also moves the parapodia (Gray 1939). Nereis virens and Nephtys hombergi also swim in this way, although N. hombergi doe ...
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
The San Francisco Estuary together with the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta represents a highly altered ecosystem. The region has been heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and most recently, suburban development. These needs have wrought direct changes in the movement of water and the nature of the landscape, and indirect changes from the introduction of non-native species. New species have altered the architecture of the food web as surely as levees have altered the landscape of islands and channels that form the complex system known as the Delta.This article deals particularly with the ecology of the low salinity zone (LSZ) of the estuary. Reconstructing a historic food web for the LSZ is difficult for a number of reasons. First, there is no clear record of the species that historically have occupied the estuary. Second, the San Francisco Estuary and Delta have been in geologic and hydrologic transition for most of their 10,000 year history, and so describing the ""natural"" condition of the estuary is much like ""hitting a moving target"". Climate change, hydrologic engineering, shifting water needs, and newly introduced species will continue to alter the food web configuration of the estuary. This model provides a snapshot of the current state, with notes about recent changes or species introductions that have altered the configuration of the food web. Understanding the dynamics of the current food web may prove useful for restoration efforts to improve the functioning and species diversity of the estuary.