Biotic vs Abiotic.notebook
... Affects of Abiotic Fluctuations What do you think would happen in the following situations ...
... Affects of Abiotic Fluctuations What do you think would happen in the following situations ...
Susceptibility of Juvenile Steelhead to Avian Predation: the
... JUVENILE STEELHEAD SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AVIAN PREDATION ...
... JUVENILE STEELHEAD SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AVIAN PREDATION ...
Examining Cause and Effect
... Mussels are an important food source for several different kinds of animals, including river otters and raccoons, as well as several fish species. Mussel shells form an important substrate to which algae and insect larvae attach themselves. (A substrate is an underlying surface on which other organi ...
... Mussels are an important food source for several different kinds of animals, including river otters and raccoons, as well as several fish species. Mussel shells form an important substrate to which algae and insect larvae attach themselves. (A substrate is an underlying surface on which other organi ...
Natural Organic Chemicals on Development
... determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by predators affect the development, life history strategy, and behavior of zooplankton. Laboratory studies of anthropogenic chemicals that have biologic ...
... determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by predators affect the development, life history strategy, and behavior of zooplankton. Laboratory studies of anthropogenic chemicals that have biologic ...
The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD
... shoreline modification due to population growth and rising rates of development. The replacement of these natural coastlines with hardened structures such as seawalls (bulkheads) and stone revetments (riprap) not only compromises vegetation at the land-water interface, but also can influence several ...
... shoreline modification due to population growth and rising rates of development. The replacement of these natural coastlines with hardened structures such as seawalls (bulkheads) and stone revetments (riprap) not only compromises vegetation at the land-water interface, but also can influence several ...
ERP Conservation Strategy - Data Portal
... landscapes should be aesthetically pleasing and contain large-scale reminders of the historical ecosystem; such as flowing rivers and streams, and extensive and connected aquatic and terrestrial habitats; including salt marshes, tidal sloughs, and expanses of clean, turbid open water in the Delta. F ...
... landscapes should be aesthetically pleasing and contain large-scale reminders of the historical ecosystem; such as flowing rivers and streams, and extensive and connected aquatic and terrestrial habitats; including salt marshes, tidal sloughs, and expanses of clean, turbid open water in the Delta. F ...
The Invasion of the Zebra Mussel - Effects on Phytoplankton
... $267 million through late 2004, since 1989 (Connelly et al. 2007). It is evident that higher economical problems in North America than Europe are attributed to higher densities of zebra mussels, which are often observed to attach to each other by byssal threads and clog water intake pipes. Sestonic ...
... $267 million through late 2004, since 1989 (Connelly et al. 2007). It is evident that higher economical problems in North America than Europe are attributed to higher densities of zebra mussels, which are often observed to attach to each other by byssal threads and clog water intake pipes. Sestonic ...
Effects of saltwater intrusion on vegetation dynamics and nutrient pools in low-salinity tidal marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA)
... Perry et al. 2009) and primary productivity – higher than most other ecosystems (Baldwin et al. 2001). Tidal marshes support estuarine food webs through carbon (C) and nutrient additions; the temporal and spatial variation of this C pulse into the estuary varies by system. Tidal freshwater marshes ( ...
... Perry et al. 2009) and primary productivity – higher than most other ecosystems (Baldwin et al. 2001). Tidal marshes support estuarine food webs through carbon (C) and nutrient additions; the temporal and spatial variation of this C pulse into the estuary varies by system. Tidal freshwater marshes ( ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:195
... copepods, size independency of growth and hence mortality is unlikely to prevail in the field. For example, large copepods may spend more time at depths where food is scarce and may therefore be more food limited, grow slower and suffer lower mortality than small species. Direct estimates of copepod ...
... copepods, size independency of growth and hence mortality is unlikely to prevail in the field. For example, large copepods may spend more time at depths where food is scarce and may therefore be more food limited, grow slower and suffer lower mortality than small species. Direct estimates of copepod ...
Mechanisms and mitigation of food web change in stream ecosystems
... of available energy from externally-produced (allochthonous) to internal (autochthonous) basal resources. Such shis are frequently associated with land-use intensification, due to riparian vegetation removal and increased nutrient inputs, both of which enhance autochthonous production. A field survey ...
... of available energy from externally-produced (allochthonous) to internal (autochthonous) basal resources. Such shis are frequently associated with land-use intensification, due to riparian vegetation removal and increased nutrient inputs, both of which enhance autochthonous production. A field survey ...
FAU Institutional Repository
... (Southward & Barrett 1983). This community separation persisted by day and night, but was not complete, as some species from deep water migrated through the thermocline at night. The number of such migrators depended on the density differences between water masses. More species migrated when there w ...
... (Southward & Barrett 1983). This community separation persisted by day and night, but was not complete, as some species from deep water migrated through the thermocline at night. The number of such migrators depended on the density differences between water masses. More species migrated when there w ...
introduction - RUJA - Universidad de Jaén
... because of the need of land for crops resulting in its drainage, contamination, silting, transformation in irrigation ponds and eutrophization. Human population growth and its effects on agricultural needs and in higher agrochemical use will result in higher wetland pollution. European policy effort ...
... because of the need of land for crops resulting in its drainage, contamination, silting, transformation in irrigation ponds and eutrophization. Human population growth and its effects on agricultural needs and in higher agrochemical use will result in higher wetland pollution. European policy effort ...
Blackfordia virginica: The Black Sea Jellyfish
... Since ballast water is their most likely vector for introduction, stricter regulations and more careful release of ballast water is important in preventing their introduction. This could include depositing of ballast water in fresh water outside of B.virginica’s salinity tolerance, UV filtration, or ...
... Since ballast water is their most likely vector for introduction, stricter regulations and more careful release of ballast water is important in preventing their introduction. This could include depositing of ballast water in fresh water outside of B.virginica’s salinity tolerance, UV filtration, or ...
PACE, MICHAEL L., AND DOLORS VAQUÉ. The importance of
... lengths of 7 5 randomly chosen individuals from within each replicate and converting these lengths to weights with a generalized lengthdry weight regression (Bottrell et al. 1976). Weight estimates were made following the recommendations of Bird and Prairie (198 5). We conducted a single experiment ...
... lengths of 7 5 randomly chosen individuals from within each replicate and converting these lengths to weights with a generalized lengthdry weight regression (Bottrell et al. 1976). Weight estimates were made following the recommendations of Bird and Prairie (198 5). We conducted a single experiment ...
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
... 1. Chadwick MA and Huryn AD (2005) Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnology and Oceanography 50: 228–236. 2. Gaines WL, Cushing CE, and Smith SD (1992) Secondary production estimates of benthic insects in three cold desert strea ...
What is a Trophic Cascade? - College of Forestry
... cascades with ecological processes being controlled from the top down through coupled trophic interactions. This view of food-web structure and the propagation of indirect effects through a series of nested direct interactions set the stage for what would become an entirely new branch of community e ...
... cascades with ecological processes being controlled from the top down through coupled trophic interactions. This view of food-web structure and the propagation of indirect effects through a series of nested direct interactions set the stage for what would become an entirely new branch of community e ...
Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity
... prey. The blue arrows signify the mineralization and immobilization of soluble nutrients. ...
... prey. The blue arrows signify the mineralization and immobilization of soluble nutrients. ...
Assessment of environmental management effects in a shallow
... were constructed, for 1995 and 1996. During this period, there was an observed change in the composition of the submerged vegetation that indicated a significant improvement in the lagoon’s ecology. Mass-balance models were built using the Ecopath modelling software in order to explain the energy tr ...
... were constructed, for 1995 and 1996. During this period, there was an observed change in the composition of the submerged vegetation that indicated a significant improvement in the lagoon’s ecology. Mass-balance models were built using the Ecopath modelling software in order to explain the energy tr ...
Limiting Factors and Threats to the Recovery of Steelhead in the
... Five categories of threats were used to describe causes of limiting factors: 1. Current harvest practices – Direct and indirect mortality associated with fisheries on naturally produced fish. 2. Current hatchery practices – Negative impact of hatchery practices on naturally produced fish. Hatchery p ...
... Five categories of threats were used to describe causes of limiting factors: 1. Current harvest practices – Direct and indirect mortality associated with fisheries on naturally produced fish. 2. Current hatchery practices – Negative impact of hatchery practices on naturally produced fish. Hatchery p ...
Effects of taxonomic and trophic aggregation on food web properties
... used food web properties (food chain lengths, predatorto-prey ratio, fractions of top and intermediate species, rigid circuits) were invariant over a wide range of data resolution after individual webs were aggregated to approximately one-half their original size. Two of the eight properties, the fr ...
... used food web properties (food chain lengths, predatorto-prey ratio, fractions of top and intermediate species, rigid circuits) were invariant over a wide range of data resolution after individual webs were aggregated to approximately one-half their original size. Two of the eight properties, the fr ...
i Evaluating the Functional Trophic Level of the Global
... Previous studies have characterized the average trophic level of aquatic animals in culture at national, regional or global scales. All of these prior analyses, however, have assumed that the trophic level of an animal in culture is identical to when feeding in the wild. While reasonable for filter ...
... Previous studies have characterized the average trophic level of aquatic animals in culture at national, regional or global scales. All of these prior analyses, however, have assumed that the trophic level of an animal in culture is identical to when feeding in the wild. While reasonable for filter ...
The Dynamics of Location: Influence of Predation by
... physical characteristics of the body of water they inhabit with its food concentrations and areas of predation risk. All of these components of a body of water can be dynamic, and may fluctuate over time. The process by which freshwater organisms choose locations therefore must be flexible enough to ...
... physical characteristics of the body of water they inhabit with its food concentrations and areas of predation risk. All of these components of a body of water can be dynamic, and may fluctuate over time. The process by which freshwater organisms choose locations therefore must be flexible enough to ...
The Bay Institute Golden Gate Salmon Association Merced River Conservation Committee
... Furthermore, effective adaptive management requires measurable targets, as is discussed below. The AFRP production targets provide clear salmon abundance targets for each tributary, which is critical to determining whether implementation of the narrative objective is successful or if changes within ...
... Furthermore, effective adaptive management requires measurable targets, as is discussed below. The AFRP production targets provide clear salmon abundance targets for each tributary, which is critical to determining whether implementation of the narrative objective is successful or if changes within ...
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
The San Francisco Estuary together with the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta represents a highly altered ecosystem. The region has been heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and most recently, suburban development. These needs have wrought direct changes in the movement of water and the nature of the landscape, and indirect changes from the introduction of non-native species. New species have altered the architecture of the food web as surely as levees have altered the landscape of islands and channels that form the complex system known as the Delta.This article deals particularly with the ecology of the low salinity zone (LSZ) of the estuary. Reconstructing a historic food web for the LSZ is difficult for a number of reasons. First, there is no clear record of the species that historically have occupied the estuary. Second, the San Francisco Estuary and Delta have been in geologic and hydrologic transition for most of their 10,000 year history, and so describing the ""natural"" condition of the estuary is much like ""hitting a moving target"". Climate change, hydrologic engineering, shifting water needs, and newly introduced species will continue to alter the food web configuration of the estuary. This model provides a snapshot of the current state, with notes about recent changes or species introductions that have altered the configuration of the food web. Understanding the dynamics of the current food web may prove useful for restoration efforts to improve the functioning and species diversity of the estuary.