MAKEUP: Briefly discuss functions of the liver
... • Once maximal glycogen stores → glucose metabolised to pyruvate → AcetylCoA → fatty acid Cholesterol / phospholipid formation o Protein synthesis Lipoproteins - Catabolic Functions: o CHO: Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (via acetyl CoA formation from fatty acid breakdown) → maintain BSL o Fats ...
... • Once maximal glycogen stores → glucose metabolised to pyruvate → AcetylCoA → fatty acid Cholesterol / phospholipid formation o Protein synthesis Lipoproteins - Catabolic Functions: o CHO: Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (via acetyl CoA formation from fatty acid breakdown) → maintain BSL o Fats ...
Unit 13 Biotechnology
... Biotechnology • The use of cells and biological molecules to solve problems or make useful products • Involves manipulation of DNA and RNA ...
... Biotechnology • The use of cells and biological molecules to solve problems or make useful products • Involves manipulation of DNA and RNA ...
3. Biotechnological Importance of MO - Copy
... Criteria for being important in choice of organism 1. Nutritional characteristics of the organism when grown on a cheap medium 2. Optimum temp of the organism 3. Reaction of the organism with the equipment and suitability for the type of process 4. Stability of the organism and its amenability for ...
... Criteria for being important in choice of organism 1. Nutritional characteristics of the organism when grown on a cheap medium 2. Optimum temp of the organism 3. Reaction of the organism with the equipment and suitability for the type of process 4. Stability of the organism and its amenability for ...
- humans ingest more proteins than needed for replacement of
... precursor in liver for synthesis of glucose (glycogenic or gluconeogenic) - some amino acids (try, phe) only part of their carbon skeleton can be used to synthesize glucose because the remainder is converted to acetyl CoA that cannot be used in synthesis of glucose - leucine is solely ketogenic it ...
... precursor in liver for synthesis of glucose (glycogenic or gluconeogenic) - some amino acids (try, phe) only part of their carbon skeleton can be used to synthesize glucose because the remainder is converted to acetyl CoA that cannot be used in synthesis of glucose - leucine is solely ketogenic it ...
Gene Ontology (GO)
... Gene Ontology (GO) is a collection of controlled vocabularies describing the biology of a gene product in any organism There are 3 independent sets of vocabularies, or ontologies: • Molecular Function (MF) – e.g. ”DNA binding” and ”catalytic activity” ...
... Gene Ontology (GO) is a collection of controlled vocabularies describing the biology of a gene product in any organism There are 3 independent sets of vocabularies, or ontologies: • Molecular Function (MF) – e.g. ”DNA binding” and ”catalytic activity” ...
Protein Synthesis Lesson Plan
... nitrogen bases and organelles must remain the same throughout their drawings. 5) Students that require a higher level reasoning skills and more in depth challenge are provided a section of the DNA with specific nitrogen bases. They will also be provided with an answer key that identifies the three-l ...
... nitrogen bases and organelles must remain the same throughout their drawings. 5) Students that require a higher level reasoning skills and more in depth challenge are provided a section of the DNA with specific nitrogen bases. They will also be provided with an answer key that identifies the three-l ...
Gene action
... What do proteins do? Structural genes: produce proteins that become a part of the structure and functioning of the organism Regulatory genes: produce proteins that switch other genes on or off, and the rate at which the protein product is being produced. ...
... What do proteins do? Structural genes: produce proteins that become a part of the structure and functioning of the organism Regulatory genes: produce proteins that switch other genes on or off, and the rate at which the protein product is being produced. ...
CHAPTER 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The
... a bilayer. The polar “head” is positioned toward the outside and inside of the cell, which has an affinity for the aqueous environment found both outside and inside the cell. The fatty acid tails of each layer of phospholipids are positioned toward the center of the membrane due to their nonpolar (w ...
... a bilayer. The polar “head” is positioned toward the outside and inside of the cell, which has an affinity for the aqueous environment found both outside and inside the cell. The fatty acid tails of each layer of phospholipids are positioned toward the center of the membrane due to their nonpolar (w ...
SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID Acetyl
... molecular oxygen Reaction catalyzed by a complex of membrane-bound enzymes Double bonds inserted such that the new double bond is three carbons closer to the CoA group, and never beyond the C9 position ...
... molecular oxygen Reaction catalyzed by a complex of membrane-bound enzymes Double bonds inserted such that the new double bond is three carbons closer to the CoA group, and never beyond the C9 position ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 11. Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another is referred to as ….. 12. A carbon is said to be asymmetric when it is attached to …. different atoms or groups. 13. The bond forming the backbone of protein structure is ……. 14. The site at which substrate binds with an enzyme is called ...
... 11. Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another is referred to as ….. 12. A carbon is said to be asymmetric when it is attached to …. different atoms or groups. 13. The bond forming the backbone of protein structure is ……. 14. The site at which substrate binds with an enzyme is called ...
Station #1: Chemistry
... d. A chemical reaction the releases more energy than it absorbs. e. Increases a reaction by lowering the activation energy. f. A chemical reaction that absorbs more energy that it releases. ...
... d. A chemical reaction the releases more energy than it absorbs. e. Increases a reaction by lowering the activation energy. f. A chemical reaction that absorbs more energy that it releases. ...
Long-term adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the
... C.WT (WT, black) were log2-scaled and normalized to the initial concentration of the analyzed metabolite at early steady state (t= 135 h) for each strain, thus highlighting their fold change over time. Error bars represent standard deviation in two replicate chemostat cultures of each strain. In alp ...
... C.WT (WT, black) were log2-scaled and normalized to the initial concentration of the analyzed metabolite at early steady state (t= 135 h) for each strain, thus highlighting their fold change over time. Error bars represent standard deviation in two replicate chemostat cultures of each strain. In alp ...
Ch6PROTEIN
... One amino acids is joined to the next by a PEPTIDE bond Dipeptide – Tripeptide – Oligopeptides – Polypeptide – Proteins in the body and diet are long polypeptides (100s of amino acids) DENATURING of PROTEINS Acid, alkaline, heat, alcohol, and agitation can disrupt the chemical forces that stabilize ...
... One amino acids is joined to the next by a PEPTIDE bond Dipeptide – Tripeptide – Oligopeptides – Polypeptide – Proteins in the body and diet are long polypeptides (100s of amino acids) DENATURING of PROTEINS Acid, alkaline, heat, alcohol, and agitation can disrupt the chemical forces that stabilize ...
Fibrous proteins are especially abundant outside the cell, where
... phosphate group covalently to one of its amino acids side chain. Phosphorylation of proteins cause change of conformation and eventually changes protein’s affinity towards substrates. Many proteins (approximately 10,000) are controlled by phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells. The reverse reaction-rem ...
... phosphate group covalently to one of its amino acids side chain. Phosphorylation of proteins cause change of conformation and eventually changes protein’s affinity towards substrates. Many proteins (approximately 10,000) are controlled by phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells. The reverse reaction-rem ...
Protein mteabolism
... Carbon skeleton (R side chain) is degraded to give either energy or some compounds in the body ...
... Carbon skeleton (R side chain) is degraded to give either energy or some compounds in the body ...
Gene expression and regulation
... introns are removed and the exons are spliced together to form a mature mRNA ...
... introns are removed and the exons are spliced together to form a mature mRNA ...
Fossil Record - AaronFreeman
... Organisms are thought to have different ancestors, but have developed similarities (converged) over time due to environmental pressures ...
... Organisms are thought to have different ancestors, but have developed similarities (converged) over time due to environmental pressures ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.