see previous week 3 link
... Phases of Complete Glucose Breakdown • The oxidation of glucose by removal of hydrogen atoms involves four phases: • Glycolysis – the breakdown of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm with no oxygen needed; yields 2 ATP • Transition reaction – pyruvate is oxidized to a 2-carbon ac ...
... Phases of Complete Glucose Breakdown • The oxidation of glucose by removal of hydrogen atoms involves four phases: • Glycolysis – the breakdown of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm with no oxygen needed; yields 2 ATP • Transition reaction – pyruvate is oxidized to a 2-carbon ac ...
Slides - Pages
... Biochemical Review An amino acid consists of: a central carbon atom C an amino group NH2 a carboxyl group COOH a hydrogen atom H and a side chains R ...
... Biochemical Review An amino acid consists of: a central carbon atom C an amino group NH2 a carboxyl group COOH a hydrogen atom H and a side chains R ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... potato tubers, and some aquatic plants derive most of their energy from glycolysis. • Many anaerobic microorganisms are entirely dependent on glycolysis. ...
... potato tubers, and some aquatic plants derive most of their energy from glycolysis. • Many anaerobic microorganisms are entirely dependent on glycolysis. ...
Enzymes - Philadelphia University Jordan
... chemical reaction, and are not consumed during the reaction. A. Active sites The active site contains amino acid side chains that participate in substrate binding and catalysis (Figure 5.2). E+S ES→EP→E+P complex ...
... chemical reaction, and are not consumed during the reaction. A. Active sites The active site contains amino acid side chains that participate in substrate binding and catalysis (Figure 5.2). E+S ES→EP→E+P complex ...
Practice Exam #2.1 - Montana State University Billings
... 17. On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell-type. Often these molecules are A) ATP B) amino acids C) nucleotides D) carbohydrate chains E) inorganic ions 18. The illustration below is a model of a ...
... 17. On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell-type. Often these molecules are A) ATP B) amino acids C) nucleotides D) carbohydrate chains E) inorganic ions 18. The illustration below is a model of a ...
Frederick Sanger - Nobel Lecture
... extracted into ether and was &-DNP-lysine which was formed by reaction of the FDNB with the free ε-amino group of lysine residues which are bound normally within the polypeptide chain. The others were identified as DNP-phenylalanine and DNP-glycine, and estimation showed that there were two residues ...
... extracted into ether and was &-DNP-lysine which was formed by reaction of the FDNB with the free ε-amino group of lysine residues which are bound normally within the polypeptide chain. The others were identified as DNP-phenylalanine and DNP-glycine, and estimation showed that there were two residues ...
Reanalysis of mGWAS results and in vitro validation show
... the product of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate after reduction of the alphacarbonyl group. Our results suggest that there is a functional link between LDHA and alpha-hydroxyisovalerate levels and, more specifically, that LDH can compensate for large build-ups of branched-chain alpha-keto acids under hypoxic ...
... the product of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate after reduction of the alphacarbonyl group. Our results suggest that there is a functional link between LDHA and alpha-hydroxyisovalerate levels and, more specifically, that LDH can compensate for large build-ups of branched-chain alpha-keto acids under hypoxic ...
Trans-Tonoplast Transport of the Sulfur Containing
... Uptake of cysteine and methionine was measured by using the same uptake system. There was a significant capacity to transport methionine across the tonoplast (Table 2, cf. DIETZ & BUSCH 1990). Similar to the translocation of other amino acids, ATP stimulated the translocation even in the absence of ...
... Uptake of cysteine and methionine was measured by using the same uptake system. There was a significant capacity to transport methionine across the tonoplast (Table 2, cf. DIETZ & BUSCH 1990). Similar to the translocation of other amino acids, ATP stimulated the translocation even in the absence of ...
Unit 2, Lesson 13: Polymers Polymers are very large organic
... CONDENSATION POLYMERS Condensation polymers are formed as a result of condensation reactions to form either ester or amide linkages. A smaller molecule, usually water, is also produced as the polymer is formed. In order for a polymer to form, the monomer must have two functional groups that are capa ...
... CONDENSATION POLYMERS Condensation polymers are formed as a result of condensation reactions to form either ester or amide linkages. A smaller molecule, usually water, is also produced as the polymer is formed. In order for a polymer to form, the monomer must have two functional groups that are capa ...
Unit 3 Macromolecules, Enzymes, and ATP
... Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and varied molecules • Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to ...
... Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and varied molecules • Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to ...
Joseph Jacobson
... visual, tactile, and mental abilities through the digital transmission and processing of all kinds of information. However, all these functions suffer from what has been called 'the tyranny of numbers.' Such systems, because of their complex digital nature, require hundreds, thousands, and sometimes ...
... visual, tactile, and mental abilities through the digital transmission and processing of all kinds of information. However, all these functions suffer from what has been called 'the tyranny of numbers.' Such systems, because of their complex digital nature, require hundreds, thousands, and sometimes ...
Telomerase Is a True Reverse Transcriptase
... Greider and Blackburn of the enzyme telomere terminal transferase or telomerase in Tetrahymena thermophila [10]. They later showed that telomerase was a ribonucleoprotein enzyme, with essential RNA and protein components [11, 12]. By extending the chromosome 3´ end using deoxyribonucleotides as subs ...
... Greider and Blackburn of the enzyme telomere terminal transferase or telomerase in Tetrahymena thermophila [10]. They later showed that telomerase was a ribonucleoprotein enzyme, with essential RNA and protein components [11, 12]. By extending the chromosome 3´ end using deoxyribonucleotides as subs ...
Islamic University of Gaza Advanced Biochemistry Faculty of
... C. The citrate synthase reaction is strongly exergonic. Why is this essential to maintaining flux through the TCA cycle? (2 points) Answer: The first reaction of the cycle is condensation of the methyl carbon of acetyl-CoA with the keto carbon (C-2) of oxaloacetate. The standard free energy of the r ...
... C. The citrate synthase reaction is strongly exergonic. Why is this essential to maintaining flux through the TCA cycle? (2 points) Answer: The first reaction of the cycle is condensation of the methyl carbon of acetyl-CoA with the keto carbon (C-2) of oxaloacetate. The standard free energy of the r ...
Lecture 33 Carbohydrates1
... 1. What does gluconeogenesis accomplish for the organism? – The liver and kidney generate glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (lactate, amino acids, glycerol) for export to other tissues that depend on glucose for energy, primarily the brain and erythrocytes. – Plants use the gluconeogenic pathway ...
... 1. What does gluconeogenesis accomplish for the organism? – The liver and kidney generate glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (lactate, amino acids, glycerol) for export to other tissues that depend on glucose for energy, primarily the brain and erythrocytes. – Plants use the gluconeogenic pathway ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... •During the first 2 phases of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, a molecule of glucose is gradually broken apart in 20 sequential biochemical reactions which transforms the glucose into different carbohydrate intermediates as bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a resu ...
... •During the first 2 phases of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, a molecule of glucose is gradually broken apart in 20 sequential biochemical reactions which transforms the glucose into different carbohydrate intermediates as bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a resu ...
Biochemistry –Second year, Coll
... fatty acids oxidation to produce the ATP. About 97 % of the body ΄s carnitine is predominant in the muscles. Disorders of Carnitine Deficiences and β-Oxidation Impairment: Carnitine deficiency which may be primary and secondary leads to decrease utilization of long chain fatty acid LCFA as source of ...
... fatty acids oxidation to produce the ATP. About 97 % of the body ΄s carnitine is predominant in the muscles. Disorders of Carnitine Deficiences and β-Oxidation Impairment: Carnitine deficiency which may be primary and secondary leads to decrease utilization of long chain fatty acid LCFA as source of ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... 3. Hydrogenation is used to convert liquid fat into solid fat to make margarine and other products. During hydrogenation, H atoms are added to the double-bonded C atoms in a liquid fat, which produces a solid fat. C. Cholesterol is a lipid found in the bloodstream. Deposits of cholesterol within art ...
... 3. Hydrogenation is used to convert liquid fat into solid fat to make margarine and other products. During hydrogenation, H atoms are added to the double-bonded C atoms in a liquid fat, which produces a solid fat. C. Cholesterol is a lipid found in the bloodstream. Deposits of cholesterol within art ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.