How Optimized Is the Translational Machinery in
... this codon as SCij ( j 5 1, 2, . . ., n i , where n i is the number of synonymous codons for AA i). Let r be the rate of aminoacyl-tRNA diffusing to the A site of the ribosome during translation, Pi be the probability that the arriving aminoacyl-tRNA carries AA i (R 20 i5 1 Pi 5 1), and p ij be the ...
... this codon as SCij ( j 5 1, 2, . . ., n i , where n i is the number of synonymous codons for AA i). Let r be the rate of aminoacyl-tRNA diffusing to the A site of the ribosome during translation, Pi be the probability that the arriving aminoacyl-tRNA carries AA i (R 20 i5 1 Pi 5 1), and p ij be the ...
Central Dogma of Genetics
... • RNA polymerase has two types of proofreading: – Similar to DNA polymerase editing, newly inserted nucleotide is removed by reversing synthesis reaction. – Enzyme moves back one or more nucleotides, cleaves RNA, then resumes synthesis in forward direction. ...
... • RNA polymerase has two types of proofreading: – Similar to DNA polymerase editing, newly inserted nucleotide is removed by reversing synthesis reaction. – Enzyme moves back one or more nucleotides, cleaves RNA, then resumes synthesis in forward direction. ...
Solved Guess Paper – 3 Q1. Define the term molarity . Ans
... (c). The ability of catalyst to direct the reaction to produce a particular product in greater yield is called selectivity . 34.a. What is Zuter ion of an amino acid ? Give its general formula b. What are difference b/w DNA and RNA c. Mention the diffenciency of vitamin c Sol.- a. In solution the ca ...
... (c). The ability of catalyst to direct the reaction to produce a particular product in greater yield is called selectivity . 34.a. What is Zuter ion of an amino acid ? Give its general formula b. What are difference b/w DNA and RNA c. Mention the diffenciency of vitamin c Sol.- a. In solution the ca ...
Lonza DNA Ladders
... 50322 - 100 bp Extended Range DNA Ladder: 30 fragments from 100 bp to 3,000 bp, in 100 bp increments. Bands at 1,000 bp and 3,000 bp stain brighter to aid identification. Supplied at 200 ng/µl; 150 µl volume: 100 applications. 50323 - 500 bp DNA Ladder: 16 fragments from 500 bp to 8,000 bp, in 500 b ...
... 50322 - 100 bp Extended Range DNA Ladder: 30 fragments from 100 bp to 3,000 bp, in 100 bp increments. Bands at 1,000 bp and 3,000 bp stain brighter to aid identification. Supplied at 200 ng/µl; 150 µl volume: 100 applications. 50323 - 500 bp DNA Ladder: 16 fragments from 500 bp to 8,000 bp, in 500 b ...
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... asymmetry around the carbon. Proteins consist of the L form of amino acids, and as these stereoisomers possess distinct biological properties and are not readily interconverted, you should choose the form that is normally utilized by cells. 28. Cysteine often plays an important role in stabilizing ...
... asymmetry around the carbon. Proteins consist of the L form of amino acids, and as these stereoisomers possess distinct biological properties and are not readily interconverted, you should choose the form that is normally utilized by cells. 28. Cysteine often plays an important role in stabilizing ...
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... asymmetry around the carbon. Proteins consist of the L form of amino acids, and as these stereoisomers possess distinct biological properties and are not readily interconverted, you should choose the form that is normally utilized by cells. 28. Cysteine often plays an important role in stabilizing ...
... asymmetry around the carbon. Proteins consist of the L form of amino acids, and as these stereoisomers possess distinct biological properties and are not readily interconverted, you should choose the form that is normally utilized by cells. 28. Cysteine often plays an important role in stabilizing ...
Determination of Fatty Acids and Carbohydrate Monomers in Micro
... tuberculostearic acids. When analysing a methanolysate of M . scrofulaceum which had not been subjected to trifluoroacetylation, it was observed that the compounds representing peaks (7) and (10) eluted approximately 2 min later, than when such derivatization was made, indicating that they contained ...
... tuberculostearic acids. When analysing a methanolysate of M . scrofulaceum which had not been subjected to trifluoroacetylation, it was observed that the compounds representing peaks (7) and (10) eluted approximately 2 min later, than when such derivatization was made, indicating that they contained ...
Metabolism Power Point
... -adding phosphate group stores energy; -removing it releases energy ATP Energy for cellular work provided by the loss of phosphate from ATP ...
... -adding phosphate group stores energy; -removing it releases energy ATP Energy for cellular work provided by the loss of phosphate from ATP ...
Hans Adolf Krebs (2)
... It was assumed that the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate occurred as a result of the oxaloacetate condensing with a substance derived from a carbohydrate, such as pyruvate or acetate (Ref. 3 Krebs, 1953) ...
... It was assumed that the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate occurred as a result of the oxaloacetate condensing with a substance derived from a carbohydrate, such as pyruvate or acetate (Ref. 3 Krebs, 1953) ...
Michaelis-Menten equation
... (a) the enzyme and both substrates come together to form a ternary complex. In ordered binding, substrate 1 must be bound before substrate 2 can bind productively. (b) an enzyme-substrate complex forms, a product leaves the complex, the altered enzyme forms a second complex with another substrate mo ...
... (a) the enzyme and both substrates come together to form a ternary complex. In ordered binding, substrate 1 must be bound before substrate 2 can bind productively. (b) an enzyme-substrate complex forms, a product leaves the complex, the altered enzyme forms a second complex with another substrate mo ...
Regulation of Transcription
... of a group of genes (i.e. heat shock proteins) A single gene may be regulated by a number of independent transcription factors (i.e. metallothionine) Eukaryotic regulation does not seem to involve repression To achieve high levels of expression, several different transcription factors binding to dif ...
... of a group of genes (i.e. heat shock proteins) A single gene may be regulated by a number of independent transcription factors (i.e. metallothionine) Eukaryotic regulation does not seem to involve repression To achieve high levels of expression, several different transcription factors binding to dif ...
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by
... For clone library construction, PCR products were purified with a Gel Extraction kit (Qiagen), and clone libraries were constructed with a TOPO TA cloning kit, version M (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. One hundred plasmid inserts from each clone library were sequenced with ...
... For clone library construction, PCR products were purified with a Gel Extraction kit (Qiagen), and clone libraries were constructed with a TOPO TA cloning kit, version M (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. One hundred plasmid inserts from each clone library were sequenced with ...
Determination of Fatty Acids and Carbohydrate Monomers in Micro
... tuberculostearic acids. When analysing a methanolysate of M . scrofulaceum which had not been subjected to trifluoroacetylation, it was observed that the compounds representing peaks (7) and (10) eluted approximately 2 min later, than when such derivatization was made, indicating that they contained ...
... tuberculostearic acids. When analysing a methanolysate of M . scrofulaceum which had not been subjected to trifluoroacetylation, it was observed that the compounds representing peaks (7) and (10) eluted approximately 2 min later, than when such derivatization was made, indicating that they contained ...
Exercises and Solutions
... • You are looking for enzymes that transfer methyl groups • There are several search modes which you might use for this search. • However this time use the EC Explorer for this search • Start with using the search mode of the EC Explorer • try using a part-name • try using a compound which is able t ...
... • You are looking for enzymes that transfer methyl groups • There are several search modes which you might use for this search. • However this time use the EC Explorer for this search • Start with using the search mode of the EC Explorer • try using a part-name • try using a compound which is able t ...
Biochemical Testing of Macromolecules
... produces a violet color. The Biuret reagent (1% solution of copper sulfate) must complex with four to six peptide bonds to produce the purple color. Free amino acids, or very short chain peptides, are not able to turn Biuret reagent purple, but they may produce a pink color instead. Lipids Lipids ar ...
... produces a violet color. The Biuret reagent (1% solution of copper sulfate) must complex with four to six peptide bonds to produce the purple color. Free amino acids, or very short chain peptides, are not able to turn Biuret reagent purple, but they may produce a pink color instead. Lipids Lipids ar ...
Engineering of factors determining alpha-amylase and
... N-terminal amino acid sequences. For determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequences, proteins were cut out from SDS/PAGE gels. Elution was performed overnight in 0.1 % SDS at 37°C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined at the Gas Phase Sequenator Facility (Department of Medical Bio ...
... N-terminal amino acid sequences. For determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequences, proteins were cut out from SDS/PAGE gels. Elution was performed overnight in 0.1 % SDS at 37°C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined at the Gas Phase Sequenator Facility (Department of Medical Bio ...
Evaluation of the Progress of Protein Hydrolysis
... protein from the nonhydrolyzed material. Centrifugation or filtration yields soluble protein and a precipitate or sludge. BASIC PROTOCOL 1 ...
... protein from the nonhydrolyzed material. Centrifugation or filtration yields soluble protein and a precipitate or sludge. BASIC PROTOCOL 1 ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.