Unit 04 Lecture Notes - Roderick Anatomy and Physiology
... • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic. • I know the where the citric acid cycle occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic. • I know ...
... • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic. • I know the where the citric acid cycle occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic. • I know ...
Amino Acids - Sehr Gut Web
... In these structures, the top circle represents the amino acid backbone (H2N—CH—COOH), with the R group depicted. In the case of proline, which is and alpha imino acid, rather than an amino acid, the circle represents the —CH—COOH group, the imino nitrogen being depicted as an element in the proline ...
... In these structures, the top circle represents the amino acid backbone (H2N—CH—COOH), with the R group depicted. In the case of proline, which is and alpha imino acid, rather than an amino acid, the circle represents the —CH—COOH group, the imino nitrogen being depicted as an element in the proline ...
GOALS FOR LECTURE 7:
... energy (in the form of the Na+ gradient) since glucose is moving from a region where its concentration is low, in the lumen, to a region where its concentration is high, in the intestinal cell cytoplasm. Glucose is released by the cell into the bloodstream by passive transport down its concentration ...
... energy (in the form of the Na+ gradient) since glucose is moving from a region where its concentration is low, in the lumen, to a region where its concentration is high, in the intestinal cell cytoplasm. Glucose is released by the cell into the bloodstream by passive transport down its concentration ...
Cellular Respiration: The Big Picture Glycolysis
... essential for producing enough ATP for animals and many other organisms to survive. The first two steps in cellular respiration—glycolysis and the Krebs cycle—produced a small amount of ATP from the breakdown of glucose. These steps also produced NADH and FADH2 molecules. Through the electron transp ...
... essential for producing enough ATP for animals and many other organisms to survive. The first two steps in cellular respiration—glycolysis and the Krebs cycle—produced a small amount of ATP from the breakdown of glucose. These steps also produced NADH and FADH2 molecules. Through the electron transp ...
Cellular Energy
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
... • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) ...
Study Guide for Lecture Examination 3
... The citric acid cycle receives acetyl (a two-‐carbon compound) and combines it with oxaloacetate (a four-‐carbon compound) to produce citrate (a six-‐ carbon compound). This six carbon compound is then broken ...
... The citric acid cycle receives acetyl (a two-‐carbon compound) and combines it with oxaloacetate (a four-‐carbon compound) to produce citrate (a six-‐ carbon compound). This six carbon compound is then broken ...
continued
... – Some free fatty acids come from intramuscular sources. – Free fatty acids enter the mitochondria, are broken down, and form acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons. • The acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle. • The hydrogen atoms are carried by NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain. ...
... – Some free fatty acids come from intramuscular sources. – Free fatty acids enter the mitochondria, are broken down, and form acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons. • The acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle. • The hydrogen atoms are carried by NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain. ...
Slide 1
... Charged amino acids are hydrophilic, they like to interact with water. They also form salt bridges (+ and -), which are strongest when situated in an apolar environment. Ser, Thr, Asn and Gln ate uncharged but can form multiple hydrogen bonds ...
... Charged amino acids are hydrophilic, they like to interact with water. They also form salt bridges (+ and -), which are strongest when situated in an apolar environment. Ser, Thr, Asn and Gln ate uncharged but can form multiple hydrogen bonds ...
Synopsis - Challenge:Future
... Algae are photosynthetic organisms that occur in most habitats, ranging from marine and freshwater to desert sands and from hot boiling springs to snow and ice. They exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple, asexual cell division to complex forms of sexual reproduction. Algae are ...
... Algae are photosynthetic organisms that occur in most habitats, ranging from marine and freshwater to desert sands and from hot boiling springs to snow and ice. They exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple, asexual cell division to complex forms of sexual reproduction. Algae are ...
CHEMISTry is life - World of Teaching
... -Too often kids get to high school chemistry and they are scared before they even begin. -My goal is to shape a positive image in their minds about chemistry so that they can be more prepared mentally for high school. -I will do this by showing them how applicable chemistry is to every day life. It ...
... -Too often kids get to high school chemistry and they are scared before they even begin. -My goal is to shape a positive image in their minds about chemistry so that they can be more prepared mentally for high school. -I will do this by showing them how applicable chemistry is to every day life. It ...
Chapter 15 Review Worksheet and Key
... diffusion or active transport? Facilitated diffusion is the process of ions or molecules moving through a membrane assisted by a protein. The hydrogens move through this enzyme because of the concentration gradient. No additional external energy is required. Facilitated diffusion ...
... diffusion or active transport? Facilitated diffusion is the process of ions or molecules moving through a membrane assisted by a protein. The hydrogens move through this enzyme because of the concentration gradient. No additional external energy is required. Facilitated diffusion ...
LS 204 Microbiology Chapter 7
... • Metabolism: similar to eukaryotes, especially for pathogens, but only 1 compartment • Catabolism to take apart molecules and gain ATP building blocks; ATP, building blocks; • Anabolism uses ATP and small molecules to build macromolecules ...
... • Metabolism: similar to eukaryotes, especially for pathogens, but only 1 compartment • Catabolism to take apart molecules and gain ATP building blocks; ATP, building blocks; • Anabolism uses ATP and small molecules to build macromolecules ...
The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence
... storage. However, the cellulose made out of β glucose rings has a different purpose. It has a structural purpose rather than a storage purpose. ...
... storage. However, the cellulose made out of β glucose rings has a different purpose. It has a structural purpose rather than a storage purpose. ...
Cellular Respiration
... released energy as heat (which increased the temp of the water in the test tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
... released energy as heat (which increased the temp of the water in the test tube). This reaction occurred very quickly. – A cell cannot use heat to do cellular work, not to mention the fact that this large increase in temp would be dangerous! ...
Fructose 6
... Antioxidant functions: a) major active oxygen species; rank according to relative reactivity b) enzymes that remove peroxides and superoxide radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integri ...
... Antioxidant functions: a) major active oxygen species; rank according to relative reactivity b) enzymes that remove peroxides and superoxide radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integri ...
AP BIOLOGY – CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline
... 1. Degradative reactions participate in catabolism and break down molecules; they tend to be exergonic. 2. Synthetic reactions participate in anabolism and build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. B. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose was broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules undergo c ...
... 1. Degradative reactions participate in catabolism and break down molecules; they tend to be exergonic. 2. Synthetic reactions participate in anabolism and build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. B. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose was broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules undergo c ...
Biol 1107 Biomolecules Lab Fall 2003
... hydrogen bonds between the OH and H groups of neighboring chains leading to the formation of microfibrils. These microfibrils of cellulose are very strong, and they are the major comp onent of plant cell walls (Fig. 5.8). Animals produce the enzymes necessary to digest (breakdown) starch, and to sy ...
... hydrogen bonds between the OH and H groups of neighboring chains leading to the formation of microfibrils. These microfibrils of cellulose are very strong, and they are the major comp onent of plant cell walls (Fig. 5.8). Animals produce the enzymes necessary to digest (breakdown) starch, and to sy ...
classification of enzymes
... changes in protons , but is independent of conc of other acids or bases present in the solution or at active site. In “general acid or base catalysis” reaction rates are sensitive to ...
... changes in protons , but is independent of conc of other acids or bases present in the solution or at active site. In “general acid or base catalysis” reaction rates are sensitive to ...
Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics
... To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water To release oxygen. ...
... To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water To release oxygen. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.