Chapters 4-8 Terms
... by photosystems I and II, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis. 5. photosynthesis: (p. 111) the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. 6. pigment: (p. 112) in ...
... by photosystems I and II, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis. 5. photosynthesis: (p. 111) the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. 6. pigment: (p. 112) in ...
Chapter 6
... growth/maintenance. Then, excess protein (really, amino acids) will simply be converted to fat for storage. ...
... growth/maintenance. Then, excess protein (really, amino acids) will simply be converted to fat for storage. ...
TCA Cycle
... • Glycolysis oxidizes sugar to pyruvate which is converted to A.CoA in mitochondria • Proteins and fatty acid are also broken down to yield A.CoA • Acetyl units oxidized to CO2 in mitochondrial matrix by TCA cycle • Energy released during oxidation captured by NAD+ and FAD > Carried to ETC for synth ...
... • Glycolysis oxidizes sugar to pyruvate which is converted to A.CoA in mitochondria • Proteins and fatty acid are also broken down to yield A.CoA • Acetyl units oxidized to CO2 in mitochondrial matrix by TCA cycle • Energy released during oxidation captured by NAD+ and FAD > Carried to ETC for synth ...
Glyconeogenesis
... • Gluconeogenesis requires both mitochondrial & cytosolic enzymes (exception: if gluconeogenesis starts by Glycerol, it will need only the cytosol) • Gluconeogenesis is an energy consuming. i.e. anabolic process. ...
... • Gluconeogenesis requires both mitochondrial & cytosolic enzymes (exception: if gluconeogenesis starts by Glycerol, it will need only the cytosol) • Gluconeogenesis is an energy consuming. i.e. anabolic process. ...
ETC_2012 Quiz
... The Cytochromes Q: What structural feature of cytochromes allow it to accept/donate electrons: • Cytochromes are proteins that contain a bound heme group (an iron bound to a porphyrin ring similar to heme in hemoglobin) • The iron is in the form of Fe+++ rather than Fe++ (as in heme from hemogblobi ...
... The Cytochromes Q: What structural feature of cytochromes allow it to accept/donate electrons: • Cytochromes are proteins that contain a bound heme group (an iron bound to a porphyrin ring similar to heme in hemoglobin) • The iron is in the form of Fe+++ rather than Fe++ (as in heme from hemogblobi ...
Exam 1 Q2 Review Sheet
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
Cell respiration Practice
... When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glyco ...
... When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glyco ...
Integration of Metabolism: Glucose Synthesis
... • Flux through the glycolytic pathway must be adjusted in response to conditions both inside and outside cell. Rate of conversion of glucose into pyruvate is regulated for cellular needs: 1) production of ATP, generated by the degradation of glucose 2) form building blocks for synthetic reactions, s ...
... • Flux through the glycolytic pathway must be adjusted in response to conditions both inside and outside cell. Rate of conversion of glucose into pyruvate is regulated for cellular needs: 1) production of ATP, generated by the degradation of glucose 2) form building blocks for synthetic reactions, s ...
Lecture 15a
... CTP concentrations rise rapidly and rebinds to the enzyme to inhibit the activity. ATP activates ATCase. Purines and Pyrimidines are needed in equal amounts. When ATP concentrations are greater than CTP, ATP binds to ATCase activating the enzyme until the levels of ATP and CTP are about the same. ...
... CTP concentrations rise rapidly and rebinds to the enzyme to inhibit the activity. ATP activates ATCase. Purines and Pyrimidines are needed in equal amounts. When ATP concentrations are greater than CTP, ATP binds to ATCase activating the enzyme until the levels of ATP and CTP are about the same. ...
Integration and regulation of fuel metabolism in maintaining
... glycogenolysis is providing some glucose to the body, while increased use of fatty acids for energy is decreasing the glucose requirement of cells. Also, gluconeogenesis is being initiated, with lactate and glycerol serving as sub ...
... glycogenolysis is providing some glucose to the body, while increased use of fatty acids for energy is decreasing the glucose requirement of cells. Also, gluconeogenesis is being initiated, with lactate and glycerol serving as sub ...
09.06.11 Intro to Biochemistry w. Clinical
... – Dorothy Hodgkin’s early work on peptide insulin (Nobel Prize in 1964). ...
... – Dorothy Hodgkin’s early work on peptide insulin (Nobel Prize in 1964). ...
Cellular Respiration/Fermentation Review Sheet
... EXHALE AS A WASTE PRODUCT 10. What do plants do with the CO2 produced during cellular respiration? THEY STORE IT IN THEIR CELLS & USE IT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS 11. What do we do with the H2O produced when glucose breaks down? STORE IT, USE IT TO MAINTAIN CELL HEALTH, OR EXCRETE AS A WASTE PRODUCT 12. Wh ...
... EXHALE AS A WASTE PRODUCT 10. What do plants do with the CO2 produced during cellular respiration? THEY STORE IT IN THEIR CELLS & USE IT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS 11. What do we do with the H2O produced when glucose breaks down? STORE IT, USE IT TO MAINTAIN CELL HEALTH, OR EXCRETE AS A WASTE PRODUCT 12. Wh ...
Midterm Review by Student - Warren County Public Schools
... and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. Is the UPS of the cell ...
... and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. Is the UPS of the cell ...
Cellular Respiration
... concludes with two molecules of another organic compound, called pyruvate (3-C). A net gain of 2 NADH molecules and 2 ATP ...
... concludes with two molecules of another organic compound, called pyruvate (3-C). A net gain of 2 NADH molecules and 2 ATP ...
Poster
... with active TB goes untreated, they will infect approximately 10 to 15 people a year.1 TB usually infects the lungs, but can attack almost any part of the body. In many countries, tuberculosis is becoming increasingly problematic due to weakened immune systems from co-infection with HIV and drug-res ...
... with active TB goes untreated, they will infect approximately 10 to 15 people a year.1 TB usually infects the lungs, but can attack almost any part of the body. In many countries, tuberculosis is becoming increasingly problematic due to weakened immune systems from co-infection with HIV and drug-res ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... 8. Explain why each of the following properties of water is essential to life: cohesion, ability to dissolve solutes, resistance to temperature change. Cohesion contributes to water’s ability to resist temperature change and evaporation; it also helps move water from the roots to the leaves of plant ...
... 8. Explain why each of the following properties of water is essential to life: cohesion, ability to dissolve solutes, resistance to temperature change. Cohesion contributes to water’s ability to resist temperature change and evaporation; it also helps move water from the roots to the leaves of plant ...
BIG IDEA 4
... • 1. In nucleic acids, biological information is encoded in sequences of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide has structural components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine or uracil). DNA and RNA differ in function and di ...
... • 1. In nucleic acids, biological information is encoded in sequences of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide has structural components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine or uracil). DNA and RNA differ in function and di ...
BCH 405 – REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES
... least, be regulated very simply by the availability of substrate. A reduction insubstrate conc. will decrease the activity of the enzyme (provided it is not saturated with substrate) and this could result in a decreased flux through the pathway. Similarly, an increase in (S) could stimulate the path ...
... least, be regulated very simply by the availability of substrate. A reduction insubstrate conc. will decrease the activity of the enzyme (provided it is not saturated with substrate) and this could result in a decreased flux through the pathway. Similarly, an increase in (S) could stimulate the path ...
8.5
... An mRNA message is made up of combinations of four nucleotides, whereas proteins are made up of twenty types of amino acids. The mRNA message is read as a series of non-overlapping codons, a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. Many amino acids are coded for by more than one co ...
... An mRNA message is made up of combinations of four nucleotides, whereas proteins are made up of twenty types of amino acids. The mRNA message is read as a series of non-overlapping codons, a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. Many amino acids are coded for by more than one co ...
Textbook of Biochemistry - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... 6.2.3 Compounds are classified on the basis of energy release on hydrolysis of specific groups. 6.2.4 Free-energy changes can be determined in coupled enzyme reactions. 6.2.5 High-energy bond energies of various groups can be transferred from one compound to another. 6.3 Sources and Fates of Acetyl ...
... 6.2.3 Compounds are classified on the basis of energy release on hydrolysis of specific groups. 6.2.4 Free-energy changes can be determined in coupled enzyme reactions. 6.2.5 High-energy bond energies of various groups can be transferred from one compound to another. 6.3 Sources and Fates of Acetyl ...
Slide 1
... van der Waals forces Definition: The attractive or repulsive forces between molecules other than those due to bond formation or to the electrostatic interaction of ions or of ionic groups with one another or with neutral molecules. The term includes: dipoledipole, dipole-induced dipole and London ( ...
... van der Waals forces Definition: The attractive or repulsive forces between molecules other than those due to bond formation or to the electrostatic interaction of ions or of ionic groups with one another or with neutral molecules. The term includes: dipoledipole, dipole-induced dipole and London ( ...
Organic Chemistry and Biological Systems -Biochemistry
... eventually combined in polymers able to drive specific biological processes and to transfer information. A closer look at the chemistry of living beings shows that cells are built up to 99% by only four elements (C, H, N, O) whereas several others occur in traces, i.e. as cofactors and coenzymes. Ab ...
... eventually combined in polymers able to drive specific biological processes and to transfer information. A closer look at the chemistry of living beings shows that cells are built up to 99% by only four elements (C, H, N, O) whereas several others occur in traces, i.e. as cofactors and coenzymes. Ab ...
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
... When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is converted into electricity. The turbine alone does not create energy; instead, it captures the energy of wind movement and converts that energy into a usable form: electricity. Organisms also transform energy. For example, ...
... When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is converted into electricity. The turbine alone does not create energy; instead, it captures the energy of wind movement and converts that energy into a usable form: electricity. Organisms also transform energy. For example, ...
charged
... The information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA and finally translated into the sequence of proteins. The genetic unit coding for one single amino acid is a codon. One gene codes for one proteins, one cistron for one polypeptide chain. As many proteins consist of only one polypeptide chain, m ...
... The information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA and finally translated into the sequence of proteins. The genetic unit coding for one single amino acid is a codon. One gene codes for one proteins, one cistron for one polypeptide chain. As many proteins consist of only one polypeptide chain, m ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.