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PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... the seeds for the BLAST (18) search. RF-like proteins (1334) were found in the current protein sequence databases (GenBank translations, PIR and others). We used the ClustalX software (ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/pub/ClustalX/) (19) to align all these sequences. A maximum-likelihood species tree wa ...
... the seeds for the BLAST (18) search. RF-like proteins (1334) were found in the current protein sequence databases (GenBank translations, PIR and others). We used the ClustalX software (ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/pub/ClustalX/) (19) to align all these sequences. A maximum-likelihood species tree wa ...
On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate
... ability to inhibit fungal growth. Furthermore, this shortchain fatty acid (pion ¼ fat) prevents the biosynthesis of polyketides such as ochratoxin A by Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum [1]. On the other hand, many fungi are able to grow on propionate, although much more slowly than ...
... ability to inhibit fungal growth. Furthermore, this shortchain fatty acid (pion ¼ fat) prevents the biosynthesis of polyketides such as ochratoxin A by Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum [1]. On the other hand, many fungi are able to grow on propionate, although much more slowly than ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Exspiration of CO2 (Kussmaul) balances the decreased bicarbonate Delayed – respiration reacts to pH in the brain Danger – delay also during treatment: HCO3 and pH restored through treatment Hyperventilation persists Respiratory alkalosis! ...
... Exspiration of CO2 (Kussmaul) balances the decreased bicarbonate Delayed – respiration reacts to pH in the brain Danger – delay also during treatment: HCO3 and pH restored through treatment Hyperventilation persists Respiratory alkalosis! ...
Unit: Carbohydrates (Glucose)
... In addition, the aim of therapy in diabetes is to maintain a constant normal (or near normal) level of glucose in the blood. As blood glucose levels rise, the increase in non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins is proportional to both the level of glucose and the lifespan of the protein being affect ...
... In addition, the aim of therapy in diabetes is to maintain a constant normal (or near normal) level of glucose in the blood. As blood glucose levels rise, the increase in non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins is proportional to both the level of glucose and the lifespan of the protein being affect ...
Vitamins - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... Adsorbtion from the small intestine. Its absorption is dependent on the presence of lipids in the diet. Associated with plasma lipoproteins → liver uptake through receptors for apolipoprotein E. a-tocopherol is bind to a-tocopherol transport protein (a-TTP) → transported to the target organs (the ex ...
... Adsorbtion from the small intestine. Its absorption is dependent on the presence of lipids in the diet. Associated with plasma lipoproteins → liver uptake through receptors for apolipoprotein E. a-tocopherol is bind to a-tocopherol transport protein (a-TTP) → transported to the target organs (the ex ...
tetrahedron report number 124 suicide substrates
... Only after binding to the target enzyme and after the enzyme begins catalysis is the reactive chemical grouping uncovered. The particular chemical reaction sequence of the given enzyme is required to unravel the inactivator. This activation occurs in a precise microenvironment only, the active site ...
... Only after binding to the target enzyme and after the enzyme begins catalysis is the reactive chemical grouping uncovered. The particular chemical reaction sequence of the given enzyme is required to unravel the inactivator. This activation occurs in a precise microenvironment only, the active site ...
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces neutral lipid
... primigenius taurus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the development and cryotolerance of crossbred Bos primigenius taurus x Bos primigenius indicus embryos produced in vitro, and cultured in the presence of fetal ca ...
... primigenius taurus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the development and cryotolerance of crossbred Bos primigenius taurus x Bos primigenius indicus embryos produced in vitro, and cultured in the presence of fetal ca ...
Molecular identification of three Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial
... liposomes reconstituted with plant proteins of varying purity are yet to be associated with specific protein sequences. An example is the DIC (dicarboxylate carrier), which catalyses the transport of dicarboxylates (malate and succinate) in exchange for phosphate, sulfate or thiosulfate [18]. In mam ...
... liposomes reconstituted with plant proteins of varying purity are yet to be associated with specific protein sequences. An example is the DIC (dicarboxylate carrier), which catalyses the transport of dicarboxylates (malate and succinate) in exchange for phosphate, sulfate or thiosulfate [18]. In mam ...
Communication
... damage in vivo, we developed a quantitative assay for measuring levels of 3-nitrotyrosine. The method combines gas chromatography with stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using this assay, we first investigated the relative yields of protein-bound oxidation products in bovine serum al ...
... damage in vivo, we developed a quantitative assay for measuring levels of 3-nitrotyrosine. The method combines gas chromatography with stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using this assay, we first investigated the relative yields of protein-bound oxidation products in bovine serum al ...
Genetic and biochemical identification of the
... Chorismate mutase (CM) catalyses the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate and is also the first and the key enzyme that diverges the shikimate pathway to either tryptophan (Trp) or phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr). Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important amino acid produce ...
... Chorismate mutase (CM) catalyses the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate and is also the first and the key enzyme that diverges the shikimate pathway to either tryptophan (Trp) or phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr). Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important amino acid produce ...
Differential display proteomic analysis of Picea meyeri pollen
... identical to those already reported in the NCBInr database. Nevertheless, many genes for abundant proteins appeared to be highly conserved in plants. Among the proteins identified, 16 (30%) were previously reported in conifers; 37 (70%) were highly homologous with those of other plants. ...
... identical to those already reported in the NCBInr database. Nevertheless, many genes for abundant proteins appeared to be highly conserved in plants. Among the proteins identified, 16 (30%) were previously reported in conifers; 37 (70%) were highly homologous with those of other plants. ...
Carbohydrate-Based Mimetics in Drug Design: Sugar Amino Acids
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism During and After Exercise
... to glutamine production, with most of the nitrogen coming from BCAAs (as well as alanine and glutamate) released from muscle protein breakdown. All of the de novo-synthesized alanine carbon comes from pyruvate, and the carbon for glutamine comes from α-ketoglutarate via glutamate. In turn, α-ketoglu ...
... to glutamine production, with most of the nitrogen coming from BCAAs (as well as alanine and glutamate) released from muscle protein breakdown. All of the de novo-synthesized alanine carbon comes from pyruvate, and the carbon for glutamine comes from α-ketoglutarate via glutamate. In turn, α-ketoglu ...
Ca2+ Ions and the Output of Acetylcoenzyme A from Brain
... studied mainly in association with the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) (for reviews see Quastel 1978; Tuček 1978, 1983; Jope 1979). There is no doubt that most acetyl groups in brain ACh originate from glucose (Browning and Schulman 1968 ; Tuček and Cheng 1970, 1974) and it seems likely that the su ...
... studied mainly in association with the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) (for reviews see Quastel 1978; Tuček 1978, 1983; Jope 1979). There is no doubt that most acetyl groups in brain ACh originate from glucose (Browning and Schulman 1968 ; Tuček and Cheng 1970, 1974) and it seems likely that the su ...
Sales Presentation Novozymes Ondea Pro
... The few barley where it fails are not suited for malting ...
... The few barley where it fails are not suited for malting ...
review on enhancement of glucose uptake and up
... that of standard drug metformin. These plants involved in the activation of AMPK-dependent pathway and alleviate insulin resistance with metabolic diseases in C2C12 murine skeletal myoblasts and H4IIE rat hepatocytes cells [35]. ...
... that of standard drug metformin. These plants involved in the activation of AMPK-dependent pathway and alleviate insulin resistance with metabolic diseases in C2C12 murine skeletal myoblasts and H4IIE rat hepatocytes cells [35]. ...
Glucose
... Any condition in which the plasma glucose concentration falls below the lower limits of normal by greater than 2 standard deviations (below 60 mg/dL) is called hypoglycemia. Since the brain is dependent upon an adequate supply of glucose for its energy, the clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia resemble ...
... Any condition in which the plasma glucose concentration falls below the lower limits of normal by greater than 2 standard deviations (below 60 mg/dL) is called hypoglycemia. Since the brain is dependent upon an adequate supply of glucose for its energy, the clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia resemble ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... physiologic and biochemical studies have led to identification of regulatory sequence motifs along the insulin promoter and the binding proteins, such as islet-restricted proteins (BETA2, PDX-1, RIP3b1-Act/ C1) and ubiquitous proteins (E2A, HEB). Their DNAbinding activity and transactivating potency ...
... physiologic and biochemical studies have led to identification of regulatory sequence motifs along the insulin promoter and the binding proteins, such as islet-restricted proteins (BETA2, PDX-1, RIP3b1-Act/ C1) and ubiquitous proteins (E2A, HEB). Their DNAbinding activity and transactivating potency ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... 2). The level and distribution of the alaninecontaining murein precursors in both mutants differ from strain KMBL-146 at both temperatures (Table 1). The low activities of the impaired enzymes limit the rate of murein synthesis even at 30 C, although the activities are sufficient to prevent lysis (F ...
... 2). The level and distribution of the alaninecontaining murein precursors in both mutants differ from strain KMBL-146 at both temperatures (Table 1). The low activities of the impaired enzymes limit the rate of murein synthesis even at 30 C, although the activities are sufficient to prevent lysis (F ...
Channel-mediated lactic acid transport: a novel function for
... 12], suggesting that MIPs can facilitate the diffusion of lactic acid across membranes. Lactic acid, a monocarboxylic acid, and the lactate anion are in chemical equilibrium at a pK a of 3.86. Although the dissociated (ionized) lactate is the predominant species, the nondissociated (uncharged) lacti ...
... 12], suggesting that MIPs can facilitate the diffusion of lactic acid across membranes. Lactic acid, a monocarboxylic acid, and the lactate anion are in chemical equilibrium at a pK a of 3.86. Although the dissociated (ionized) lactate is the predominant species, the nondissociated (uncharged) lacti ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.