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Organic Molecules
... Fats are large molecules made of 2 monomers : glycerol + fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids - saturated and unsaturated. Functions of fats include : insulation, energy storage, shock absorber for internal organs (like bubble wrap!) ...
... Fats are large molecules made of 2 monomers : glycerol + fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids - saturated and unsaturated. Functions of fats include : insulation, energy storage, shock absorber for internal organs (like bubble wrap!) ...
Investigation of asparagine deamidation in a SOD1
... employed in this study: termination of the Edman degradation reaction at isoAsp and resistance to cleavage by endoproteinase Asp-N (Kameoka et al, 2003). This endoproteinase cleaves peptide bonds on the N-terminal side of Asp but not on isoAsp or Asn residues. Deamidation rate depends on many exogen ...
... employed in this study: termination of the Edman degradation reaction at isoAsp and resistance to cleavage by endoproteinase Asp-N (Kameoka et al, 2003). This endoproteinase cleaves peptide bonds on the N-terminal side of Asp but not on isoAsp or Asn residues. Deamidation rate depends on many exogen ...
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a GABAA Receptor
... long intracellular loop of GABAA receptor ␣1 subunit at identified serine and threonine residues. GAPDH and the ␣1 subunit were found to be colocalized at the neuronal plasma membrane. In keeping with the GAPDH/GABAA receptor molecular association, glycolytic ATP produced locally at plasma membranes ...
... long intracellular loop of GABAA receptor ␣1 subunit at identified serine and threonine residues. GAPDH and the ␣1 subunit were found to be colocalized at the neuronal plasma membrane. In keeping with the GAPDH/GABAA receptor molecular association, glycolytic ATP produced locally at plasma membranes ...
Full Text - J
... was the key step in characterizing them. It was found that ion-exchange chromatography, but not an ultrafiltration system, was suitable for concentrating toxins. We also found that the purified samples should be stored in a high salt-concentration solution, and should not be frozen or freeze-dried. ...
... was the key step in characterizing them. It was found that ion-exchange chromatography, but not an ultrafiltration system, was suitable for concentrating toxins. We also found that the purified samples should be stored in a high salt-concentration solution, and should not be frozen or freeze-dried. ...
Role of Mitochondria in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
... and inflammatory cascades are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD [24]. Despite the progress gained into understanding how fat accumulates in the liver, the pathogenesis of advanced forms of NAFLD remains to be elucidated. Several hypotheses have been proposed recently. Acco ...
... and inflammatory cascades are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD [24]. Despite the progress gained into understanding how fat accumulates in the liver, the pathogenesis of advanced forms of NAFLD remains to be elucidated. Several hypotheses have been proposed recently. Acco ...
Purification and Characterization of
... Although initial PRK isolations were done with isolated chloroplasts, subsequent work demonstrated that the use of whole cells provided an easier and more efficient approach for enzyme retrieval. H. carterae, which is naturally wall-less, is easily disrupted using a French pressure cell. A typical P ...
... Although initial PRK isolations were done with isolated chloroplasts, subsequent work demonstrated that the use of whole cells provided an easier and more efficient approach for enzyme retrieval. H. carterae, which is naturally wall-less, is easily disrupted using a French pressure cell. A typical P ...
thyroid synthesis, mode of action, metabolic functions and disorders
... • During digestion of thyroglobulin, iodothyronins are also freed but not released in to the blood • Enzyme Deiodinase cleaves Iodine from them making it available for more and more thyroid hormone synthesis inside the gland Thyroid Hormone Secretion • About 93 per cent of the thyroid hormone releas ...
... • During digestion of thyroglobulin, iodothyronins are also freed but not released in to the blood • Enzyme Deiodinase cleaves Iodine from them making it available for more and more thyroid hormone synthesis inside the gland Thyroid Hormone Secretion • About 93 per cent of the thyroid hormone releas ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP
... In glycogen, chains of α-1,4-polyglucans link with other chains to form a branching pattern. In mammals and yeast, glycogen synthesis requires a 'seed' of glycogenin, which is a self-glucosylating initiator protein, although no analogue of glycogen has been described in bacteria.4 Glycogen is a larg ...
... In glycogen, chains of α-1,4-polyglucans link with other chains to form a branching pattern. In mammals and yeast, glycogen synthesis requires a 'seed' of glycogenin, which is a self-glucosylating initiator protein, although no analogue of glycogen has been described in bacteria.4 Glycogen is a larg ...
The sucrose-cleaving enzymes of plants are crucial for development
... he different organs of plants have diverse tasks and bio- wall invertase; Fig. 1). Their genes are temporally and spatially chemical requirements. One of the crucial functions of expressed during plant development, and are regulated by several source leaves is the synthesis of energy-rich molecules ...
... he different organs of plants have diverse tasks and bio- wall invertase; Fig. 1). Their genes are temporally and spatially chemical requirements. One of the crucial functions of expressed during plant development, and are regulated by several source leaves is the synthesis of energy-rich molecules ...
Aminolaevulinic acid synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus: high
... the internal aldimine in a transaldimination reaction is common to both pathways [9,23]. The existence of the α-amino-β-oxoadipate intermediate has not been experimentally confirmed for ALAS catalysis as yet, but it is known that the corresponding intermediates occur in AONS reactions [21]. The enzy ...
... the internal aldimine in a transaldimination reaction is common to both pathways [9,23]. The existence of the α-amino-β-oxoadipate intermediate has not been experimentally confirmed for ALAS catalysis as yet, but it is known that the corresponding intermediates occur in AONS reactions [21]. The enzy ...
New insight into the photoheterotrophic growth of the
... second compartment of the MELiSSA loop, will be used to photoassimilate these volatile fatty acids. The assimilation of carbon sources that enter central carbon metabolism through acetyl-CoA requires an alternative cycle to replenish the TCA cycle intermediates used for the synthesis of all cell com ...
... second compartment of the MELiSSA loop, will be used to photoassimilate these volatile fatty acids. The assimilation of carbon sources that enter central carbon metabolism through acetyl-CoA requires an alternative cycle to replenish the TCA cycle intermediates used for the synthesis of all cell com ...
1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 – Introduction Proteins are
... protein folding events. In addition, FRET experiments that take advantage of energy transfer from one fluorophore to another result in spectral emissions at specific wavelengths that can be monitored in real time to study inter- and intramolecular interactions of biological molecules. Amino acids th ...
... protein folding events. In addition, FRET experiments that take advantage of energy transfer from one fluorophore to another result in spectral emissions at specific wavelengths that can be monitored in real time to study inter- and intramolecular interactions of biological molecules. Amino acids th ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE BACTERIAL
... biologically-active endotoxins, and substances other than endotoxins [12] can also activate it. The biological activity of endotoxins is dependent on the bacterial species and may differ for free and cell-bound endotoxins [11, 17, 24]. In the LAL assay, activated enzymes produced a yellow colour wit ...
... biologically-active endotoxins, and substances other than endotoxins [12] can also activate it. The biological activity of endotoxins is dependent on the bacterial species and may differ for free and cell-bound endotoxins [11, 17, 24]. In the LAL assay, activated enzymes produced a yellow colour wit ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... aqueous solution called formalin. Formalin has been used as a preservative for tissues and as an embalming fluid. See A Medical Perspective: Formaldehyde and Methanol Poisoning for more information on methanal. Ethanal (acetaldehyde) is produced from ethanol in the liver. Ethanol is oxidized in this ...
... aqueous solution called formalin. Formalin has been used as a preservative for tissues and as an embalming fluid. See A Medical Perspective: Formaldehyde and Methanol Poisoning for more information on methanal. Ethanal (acetaldehyde) is produced from ethanol in the liver. Ethanol is oxidized in this ...
Full-Text PDF
... One of the hallmarks of cancer is the altered metabolic activity of cancer cells [31] and many cancer cells rely on glycolysis as the predominant source of ATP production, even in the presence of oxygen. This metabolic reprogramming leads to increased glucose uptake and lactate production and is gen ...
... One of the hallmarks of cancer is the altered metabolic activity of cancer cells [31] and many cancer cells rely on glycolysis as the predominant source of ATP production, even in the presence of oxygen. This metabolic reprogramming leads to increased glucose uptake and lactate production and is gen ...
C3/D8 Due: 2/21/14 Chem 151 Caffeine: Your Friend for Sleepless
... crystalline xanthine alkaloid. Alkaloids are compounds found in plants with nitrogen atoms that are basic and readily help form salts; when extracted and sublimated from tea leaves, caffeine is a base. Specifically, caffeine is a pseudo alkaloid for two reasons: first, the presence of a heterocyclic ...
... crystalline xanthine alkaloid. Alkaloids are compounds found in plants with nitrogen atoms that are basic and readily help form salts; when extracted and sublimated from tea leaves, caffeine is a base. Specifically, caffeine is a pseudo alkaloid for two reasons: first, the presence of a heterocyclic ...
... expression and covalent modifications of proteins. Research findings that have been generated by using molecular techniques have guided us into new territory, going way beyond classical nutrition studies such as characterization of clinical signs of nutrient deficiencies. Those nutritionists who inv ...
Does Lactic Acid Cause Muscular Fatigue?
... Aerobic metabolism. As indicated, pyruvate and NADH, (and, perhaps, lactic acid), must be absorbed from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria of muscle fibers in order to continue being metabolized. Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures found in the cytoplasm of cells (see figure 4). They have been l ...
... Aerobic metabolism. As indicated, pyruvate and NADH, (and, perhaps, lactic acid), must be absorbed from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria of muscle fibers in order to continue being metabolized. Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures found in the cytoplasm of cells (see figure 4). They have been l ...
Preview Sample 2
... 43) The presence of ________ in the plasma membrane can increase the fluidity of the membrane. A) cholesterol B) integral membrane proteins C) peripheral membrane proteins D) glycoproteins E) phospholipids Answer: A Diff: 5 Page Ref: 30 44) Which of the following is NOT found in plasma membranes? A ...
... 43) The presence of ________ in the plasma membrane can increase the fluidity of the membrane. A) cholesterol B) integral membrane proteins C) peripheral membrane proteins D) glycoproteins E) phospholipids Answer: A Diff: 5 Page Ref: 30 44) Which of the following is NOT found in plasma membranes? A ...
Towards the construction of Escherichia coli cell
... Cell-free protein systems are described as the in vitro expression of recombinant proteins without the use of living cells. This approach uses a cell lysate containing a wide array of biological and chemical components for transcription, translation, protein folding, and energy metabolism; all requi ...
... Cell-free protein systems are described as the in vitro expression of recombinant proteins without the use of living cells. This approach uses a cell lysate containing a wide array of biological and chemical components for transcription, translation, protein folding, and energy metabolism; all requi ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.