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Metabolic significance of inorganic triphosphate, thiamine
... Cover picture modified from : Okuno D., Iino R., Noji H. 2011. Rotation and structure of FoF1-ATP synthase. J. Biochem. 149 (6) 655-64. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvr049. ...
... Cover picture modified from : Okuno D., Iino R., Noji H. 2011. Rotation and structure of FoF1-ATP synthase. J. Biochem. 149 (6) 655-64. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvr049. ...
Probing peroxisomal β-oxidation and the labelling of acetyl
... The discrepancy between the labelling of the C1 + 2 fragment of BHB and that of the acetyl moiety of citrate probably results from associations of enzymes resulting in metabolic channelling of intermediates [21,22], especially at low flux rate. Previous studies had concluded that the labelling of li ...
... The discrepancy between the labelling of the C1 + 2 fragment of BHB and that of the acetyl moiety of citrate probably results from associations of enzymes resulting in metabolic channelling of intermediates [21,22], especially at low flux rate. Previous studies had concluded that the labelling of li ...
Distinct profiling of antimicrobial peptide families
... 2. Then, to reduce redundancy among these sequences, three clustering steps using the h-cd-hit (Li and Godzik, 2006) program were made at three identity thresholds (90%, 60% and 30%). The purpose of this was to remove identical sequences and obtain a non-redundant dataset of non-AMP sequences. As ...
... 2. Then, to reduce redundancy among these sequences, three clustering steps using the h-cd-hit (Li and Godzik, 2006) program were made at three identity thresholds (90%, 60% and 30%). The purpose of this was to remove identical sequences and obtain a non-redundant dataset of non-AMP sequences. As ...
Document
... Dogan et al. (2005) showed genotype dependent fruit weight and kernel ratio in walnuts grown in middle parts of Turkey that ranged from 7.82 to 18.74 g for fruit weight and 42.88 to 67.14% for kernel ratio, respectively. All those studies indicating that walnut genotypes grown different parts of the ...
... Dogan et al. (2005) showed genotype dependent fruit weight and kernel ratio in walnuts grown in middle parts of Turkey that ranged from 7.82 to 18.74 g for fruit weight and 42.88 to 67.14% for kernel ratio, respectively. All those studies indicating that walnut genotypes grown different parts of the ...
The Future of Human Embryo Culture Media – Or Have We
... growth of plant and animal cells. Following this the culture of mammalian pre-implantation embryos began in the late 1940s. At this time ill-defined culture media were used for embryo culture that primarily occurred using the rabbit as a model (Biggers 1987). The possibility of experimentally studyi ...
... growth of plant and animal cells. Following this the culture of mammalian pre-implantation embryos began in the late 1940s. At this time ill-defined culture media were used for embryo culture that primarily occurred using the rabbit as a model (Biggers 1987). The possibility of experimentally studyi ...
Understanding nature`s catalytic toolkit
... EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK ...
... EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK ...
The Biosynthesis of N-Phosphorylcreatine: an Investigation of the
... under conditions similar to those described by these authors. Further fractionation, however, caused a loss of activity and, since this could be recovered in greater than additive amounts by recombination of fractions, it seemed that more than one enzyme was involved. Furthermore, it has been found ...
... under conditions similar to those described by these authors. Further fractionation, however, caused a loss of activity and, since this could be recovered in greater than additive amounts by recombination of fractions, it seemed that more than one enzyme was involved. Furthermore, it has been found ...
Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases
... GGPPS which synthesizes a C20 product by generating mutations at position 81, 34 and 157 of FPPS from B. stearothermophilus [58]. The Y81H mutant was the most effective at increasing the production of GGPP (C20) compared with FPP (C15) [58]. The subsequent site-directed mutagenesis study in which Y8 ...
... GGPPS which synthesizes a C20 product by generating mutations at position 81, 34 and 157 of FPPS from B. stearothermophilus [58]. The Y81H mutant was the most effective at increasing the production of GGPP (C20) compared with FPP (C15) [58]. The subsequent site-directed mutagenesis study in which Y8 ...
Alkaloids
... These methods are recommended for determination of: 1- Very weak bases which can not be determined by volumetric methods e.g. caffeine and colchicine. 2- Mixtures of alkaloids that are obtained from the same plant but differ greatly in their molecular weight e.g. Cinchona and Rawolfia alkaloids. The ...
... These methods are recommended for determination of: 1- Very weak bases which can not be determined by volumetric methods e.g. caffeine and colchicine. 2- Mixtures of alkaloids that are obtained from the same plant but differ greatly in their molecular weight e.g. Cinchona and Rawolfia alkaloids. The ...
Lipid Storage Metabolism Is Limited by the
... leaves. Here, it could be shown that changes in intermediates of fatty acid synthesis during light-dark transitions are consistent with control being exerted at the level of ACCase (Post-Beittenmiller et al., 1991, 1992a). Recent studies provide evidence that this is due to posttranslational redox m ...
... leaves. Here, it could be shown that changes in intermediates of fatty acid synthesis during light-dark transitions are consistent with control being exerted at the level of ACCase (Post-Beittenmiller et al., 1991, 1992a). Recent studies provide evidence that this is due to posttranslational redox m ...
Revisiting the Physico-Chemical Hypothesis of Code Origin: An
... set of codes, they showed that a 2-letter code that distributes ten early amino acids among the sixteen 4-codon blocks in a way that is most consistent with the structure of the SGC also turns out to be the most optimal. Both these studies are based on the premise that code-cost ultimately determine ...
... set of codes, they showed that a 2-letter code that distributes ten early amino acids among the sixteen 4-codon blocks in a way that is most consistent with the structure of the SGC also turns out to be the most optimal. Both these studies are based on the premise that code-cost ultimately determine ...
Flavonoids in Biological System
... Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health Promoting effects. For examples : anti-allergic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. ...
... Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health Promoting effects. For examples : anti-allergic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. ...
Full-Text PDF
... to support the use of any treatment in mitochondrial disease [9]. However, there are examples where specific treatment can prove useful, like Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation in primary CoQ10 deficiency or idebenone, a CoQ analogue and cofactor for NADPH dehydrogenase, in patients with Leber’s ...
... to support the use of any treatment in mitochondrial disease [9]. However, there are examples where specific treatment can prove useful, like Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation in primary CoQ10 deficiency or idebenone, a CoQ analogue and cofactor for NADPH dehydrogenase, in patients with Leber’s ...
chemical structure and properties
... Fat soluble – passive diffusion Water soluble – passive diffusion, but some by active process if low level in the diet ...
... Fat soluble – passive diffusion Water soluble – passive diffusion, but some by active process if low level in the diet ...
Johansson L, Gafvelin G, Arnér ES. Selenocysteine in proteins
... revealed [37]. Also, in this enzyme, the Sec residue is highly important for its catalytic activity and postulated to be part of the active site, but the catalytic mechanism has not yet been fully characterized [38]. There are three E. coli selenoproteins, the formate dehydrogenases H, N, and O. The ...
... revealed [37]. Also, in this enzyme, the Sec residue is highly important for its catalytic activity and postulated to be part of the active site, but the catalytic mechanism has not yet been fully characterized [38]. There are three E. coli selenoproteins, the formate dehydrogenases H, N, and O. The ...
Proton transfer pathways and mechanism in bacterial reaction centers Minireview
... B ( 9 5 A) were shown to play a crucial role. The entry point of the protons has been identi¢ed to be near His-H126, His-H128 and Asp-H124 (Fig. 1), the binding position of the proton transfer inhibitors Zn2þ and Cd2þ [25]. The importance of His-H126 and His-H128 for facilitating proton transfer int ...
... B ( 9 5 A) were shown to play a crucial role. The entry point of the protons has been identi¢ed to be near His-H126, His-H128 and Asp-H124 (Fig. 1), the binding position of the proton transfer inhibitors Zn2þ and Cd2þ [25]. The importance of His-H126 and His-H128 for facilitating proton transfer int ...
Isolation and Fractionation 2
... The size and density of these organelles can be selectively modified by 'indigestible' substances, which can accumulate in lysosomes as part of their normal function. These substances are administered to experimental animals by injection into the bloodstream. These are captured by the liver by endoc ...
... The size and density of these organelles can be selectively modified by 'indigestible' substances, which can accumulate in lysosomes as part of their normal function. These substances are administered to experimental animals by injection into the bloodstream. These are captured by the liver by endoc ...
ETO-Thesis-Final 061214. - JScholarship
... thesis as well. The work detailed here is due in no small part to those who have supported me throughout these many years. First and foremost I thank my doctoral advisor, Dr. Namandjé Bumpus. She was a highly supportive and encouraging mentor even while I was rotating in different labs, and she cont ...
... thesis as well. The work detailed here is due in no small part to those who have supported me throughout these many years. First and foremost I thank my doctoral advisor, Dr. Namandjé Bumpus. She was a highly supportive and encouraging mentor even while I was rotating in different labs, and she cont ...
C 2 R
... started by addition of 100 µL of a mixture of 2 mM NADPH, 3 mM glucose-6-phosphate and 0.4 units/mL glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increase in fluorescence was monitored at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm and an emission wavelength of 586 nm for 2 minutes at 25°C. Specific activities were ...
... started by addition of 100 µL of a mixture of 2 mM NADPH, 3 mM glucose-6-phosphate and 0.4 units/mL glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increase in fluorescence was monitored at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm and an emission wavelength of 586 nm for 2 minutes at 25°C. Specific activities were ...
the arithmetical phenomena of symmetry in the genetic code with the
... 5 modules - 40 protons 10 atoms - 40 protons Fig.1. Molecular structure and Petoukhov’s structure of the 20 amino acids (inspired by S. Petoukhov’s paper) So, a module is a grouping of one non-hydrogen atom with from 0 to 3 hydrogen atoms. These modules are described by S. Petoukhov in a number from ...
... 5 modules - 40 protons 10 atoms - 40 protons Fig.1. Molecular structure and Petoukhov’s structure of the 20 amino acids (inspired by S. Petoukhov’s paper) So, a module is a grouping of one non-hydrogen atom with from 0 to 3 hydrogen atoms. These modules are described by S. Petoukhov in a number from ...
Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Properties of Dual
... carboxyltransferase component of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. ...
... carboxyltransferase component of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. ...
Amino Acids in Maturation Medium and Presence
... In experiment 1, to determine the optimal time for maturation of oocytes in mWM-FG, oocytes were cultured for periods ranging from 24 to 48 h. Furthermore, to determine the effect of maturation time on sperm penetration in vitro, cumulus-enclosed oocytes cultured for 36 and 48 h for maturation in mW ...
... In experiment 1, to determine the optimal time for maturation of oocytes in mWM-FG, oocytes were cultured for periods ranging from 24 to 48 h. Furthermore, to determine the effect of maturation time on sperm penetration in vitro, cumulus-enclosed oocytes cultured for 36 and 48 h for maturation in mW ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.