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Trans Fatty Acid Derived Phospholipids Show Increased Membrane
... Previous studies show that membrane cholesterol concentration (22, 23) or activity (24) is modulated by membrane phospholipid composition due to the differential interactions of phospholipids with cholesterol (25-29). The composition of membrane phospholipids also influences the physical properties ...
... Previous studies show that membrane cholesterol concentration (22, 23) or activity (24) is modulated by membrane phospholipid composition due to the differential interactions of phospholipids with cholesterol (25-29). The composition of membrane phospholipids also influences the physical properties ...
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme and the Changes
... absorption and prostaglandin synthesis. On the other hand, angiotensin II released from angiotensin I could participate in reabsorption at the level of the proximal tubules. For example, angiotensin II stimulates bicarbonate absorption by depressing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate.42 An ...
... absorption and prostaglandin synthesis. On the other hand, angiotensin II released from angiotensin I could participate in reabsorption at the level of the proximal tubules. For example, angiotensin II stimulates bicarbonate absorption by depressing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate.42 An ...
Chem 309 Video Tutorial Schedule for Fall 2013
... Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 1: Intro & Acid Base Review (18:37) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 2: Redox Intro (36:22) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 3: Redox of Alcohols & Carbonyls (17:56) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rx ...
... Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 1: Intro & Acid Base Review (18:37) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 2: Redox Intro (36:22) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rxns of Organic Functional Grps Part 3: Redox of Alcohols & Carbonyls (17:56) Video Tutorial Lecture Notes Rx ...
Effects of Molecular Crowding on Binding Affinity of Dihydrofolate to
... The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a critical enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for nucleotides and proteins in the cell. DHFR contributes to the production of purines by forming tetrahydrofolate (THF) using dihydrofolate (DHF) as the reactant and NADPH as the cofactor. Furthermore, tetra ...
... The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a critical enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for nucleotides and proteins in the cell. DHFR contributes to the production of purines by forming tetrahydrofolate (THF) using dihydrofolate (DHF) as the reactant and NADPH as the cofactor. Furthermore, tetra ...
Bioinformatic Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolases in the
... Petroleum reserves are rapidly depleting and alternative renewable sources of energy need to be developed to meet the energy demands of the planet. Lignocellulose has been recognized as a highly promising and renewable resource for the development of clean energy. Thermophilic microbes and thermosta ...
... Petroleum reserves are rapidly depleting and alternative renewable sources of energy need to be developed to meet the energy demands of the planet. Lignocellulose has been recognized as a highly promising and renewable resource for the development of clean energy. Thermophilic microbes and thermosta ...
Characterization of cytochrome P450
... has been taking place in recent years providing a clear picture of the intermediate steps (Teoh et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). It is believed that arteannuin B and artemisinin are the end products of the bifurcated pathway, competing with each other for precursors (Liu et al., 2011). Weathers et ...
... has been taking place in recent years providing a clear picture of the intermediate steps (Teoh et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). It is believed that arteannuin B and artemisinin are the end products of the bifurcated pathway, competing with each other for precursors (Liu et al., 2011). Weathers et ...
GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates
... during liver damage. Also, non-traditional signals such as matrix stiffness, metabolites and oxidative stress [23] are able to activate HSCs. A study published in 2007 by Correa and colleagues suggesting that succinate may behave as a metabolic sensor in the liver, has extended our comprehension of ...
... during liver damage. Also, non-traditional signals such as matrix stiffness, metabolites and oxidative stress [23] are able to activate HSCs. A study published in 2007 by Correa and colleagues suggesting that succinate may behave as a metabolic sensor in the liver, has extended our comprehension of ...
Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in
... their influence extends to many other cell functions. In the classic, although controversial at the time, endosymbiotic theory proposed by Lynn Margulis in the late sixties [1], an amitochondriate anaerobic eukaryote engulfed an oxygen consuming proteobacterium. In one of those chance events that mos ...
... their influence extends to many other cell functions. In the classic, although controversial at the time, endosymbiotic theory proposed by Lynn Margulis in the late sixties [1], an amitochondriate anaerobic eukaryote engulfed an oxygen consuming proteobacterium. In one of those chance events that mos ...
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
... uptake) ⫺ (net hepatic lactate output ⫹ net hepatic CO2 production), with all values in glucose equivalents. This calculation omits the contribution of gluconeogenic amino acids other than alanine, but the total of their net hepatic uptakes is no more than that of alanine (⬃1.5 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1 g ...
... uptake) ⫺ (net hepatic lactate output ⫹ net hepatic CO2 production), with all values in glucose equivalents. This calculation omits the contribution of gluconeogenic amino acids other than alanine, but the total of their net hepatic uptakes is no more than that of alanine (⬃1.5 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1 g ...
Chemistry - Dibrugarh University
... L-10 Marks -8 Unit – III Chemical Kinetics Elementary and complex reaction. Rate of a reaction , Order and molecularity of a reaction. Examples of first, second and zero order reactions. Differential and integral forms of zero order, first order, second order rate equation. Half life period of zero ...
... L-10 Marks -8 Unit – III Chemical Kinetics Elementary and complex reaction. Rate of a reaction , Order and molecularity of a reaction. Examples of first, second and zero order reactions. Differential and integral forms of zero order, first order, second order rate equation. Half life period of zero ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... The electron flow from the electron donors, NADH or succinate, to the acceptor, O2, occurs following the oxidation potential of the components of the electron transfer chain. Electrons move toward compounds with more positive oxidation potentials as given by the standard redox potential and the rati ...
... The electron flow from the electron donors, NADH or succinate, to the acceptor, O2, occurs following the oxidation potential of the components of the electron transfer chain. Electrons move toward compounds with more positive oxidation potentials as given by the standard redox potential and the rati ...
Regulation of Respiration and Fermentation to
... concentrations fell to very low levels that were close to zero. This shows that plant internal oxygen concentrations respond very sensitively to changes in metabolic activities. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Glycolysis is part of the central backbone of primary carbohydrate meta ...
... concentrations fell to very low levels that were close to zero. This shows that plant internal oxygen concentrations respond very sensitively to changes in metabolic activities. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Glycolysis is part of the central backbone of primary carbohydrate meta ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d1011-1027, September 15, 1998] 1011
... mechanism (50). This is an area that requires further study. Future studies of the mechanisms involved in the sparing of carbohydrate by FFA will have to be designed to take into account the finding that increased FFA oxidation spares not only blood glucose (liver glycogen), but also muscle glycogen ...
... mechanism (50). This is an area that requires further study. Future studies of the mechanisms involved in the sparing of carbohydrate by FFA will have to be designed to take into account the finding that increased FFA oxidation spares not only blood glucose (liver glycogen), but also muscle glycogen ...
Metabolism of bile acids
... (v) bile salts act as signalling molecules in the regulation of enzymes and transporters of drug and intermediary metabolism. The adult human liver produces about 500 mg of bile acids per day [1,2]. About three times this amount represents the total bile acid pool size that cycles through the entero ...
... (v) bile salts act as signalling molecules in the regulation of enzymes and transporters of drug and intermediary metabolism. The adult human liver produces about 500 mg of bile acids per day [1,2]. About three times this amount represents the total bile acid pool size that cycles through the entero ...
VAAM-Jahrestagung 2015 1.–4. März in Marburg/Lahn
... More and more human SNPs are analyzed for their potential association with diseases, risk factors and predispositions. Our LightSNiP assays are preestablished, probe-based tests using a melting curve to detect sequence variations. These assays are developed on the Roche LightCycler® 480 system, but ...
... More and more human SNPs are analyzed for their potential association with diseases, risk factors and predispositions. Our LightSNiP assays are preestablished, probe-based tests using a melting curve to detect sequence variations. These assays are developed on the Roche LightCycler® 480 system, but ...
Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous
... function, caused by intense exercise. Keeping ATP levels is essential in carrying out the physiological functions of the body. Muscle fatigue is possibly necessary to avoid that ATP range falls below critical or irreversible levels, and it is logical to assume a causal relationship between anaerobic ...
... function, caused by intense exercise. Keeping ATP levels is essential in carrying out the physiological functions of the body. Muscle fatigue is possibly necessary to avoid that ATP range falls below critical or irreversible levels, and it is logical to assume a causal relationship between anaerobic ...
DOCTORAL THESIS
... shape. Plant cells treated with cell-wall degrading enzymes, which effectively removed the cell wall, are invariably spherical in contrast to the different cell shapes observed when the wall is present. Therefore the rigidity that defines cell morphology and plant morphology and structure are inheri ...
... shape. Plant cells treated with cell-wall degrading enzymes, which effectively removed the cell wall, are invariably spherical in contrast to the different cell shapes observed when the wall is present. Therefore the rigidity that defines cell morphology and plant morphology and structure are inheri ...
... biomass waste, and cannot be easily converted to simple monomeric sugars due to its recalcitrant nature. Xylan, the major component of hemicellulose in plant cell walls, is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose (TAN et al., 2008). Xylan polymer consists of a main chain of β-1,4- li ...
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: Function
... of the carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1) which is located on the external surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane (Lee et al., 2011; Rufer et al., 2009); the formed acylcarnitines cross the outer membrane, which is permeable to small molecules (Zeth and Thein, 2010) and are translocated t ...
... of the carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1) which is located on the external surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane (Lee et al., 2011; Rufer et al., 2009); the formed acylcarnitines cross the outer membrane, which is permeable to small molecules (Zeth and Thein, 2010) and are translocated t ...
Proposed syllabus and Scheme of Examination B.Sc. (Program) with
... 2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4. 3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4. 4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator. 5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3. Section B: Organ ...
... 2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4. 3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4. 4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator. 5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3. Section B: Organ ...
The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the coordination of
... inhibits the expression and the activity of the transcription factors SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) (33, 129) and ChREBP (carbohydrate response elementbinding protein) (33, 68). The latter action represses the transcription of lipogenic genes and fatty acid synthesis (33). F ...
... inhibits the expression and the activity of the transcription factors SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) (33, 129) and ChREBP (carbohydrate response elementbinding protein) (33, 68). The latter action represses the transcription of lipogenic genes and fatty acid synthesis (33). F ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 17 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... cannot eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in A) increased levels of urea in the blood. B) ketosis. C) a decreased blood pH. D) increased gluconeogenesis in the liver. E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Learning Outcome: 17.2 Skill Leve ...
... cannot eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in A) increased levels of urea in the blood. B) ketosis. C) a decreased blood pH. D) increased gluconeogenesis in the liver. E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 1 Learning Outcome: 17.2 Skill Leve ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.