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Lecture3_Module_19_2..
Lecture3_Module_19_2..

... when a stream containing variable amounts of Al3+ mixes 1:1 with a stream containing 200μM PO43- that is buffered to pH 6,5. Assume the solution is in equilibrium with AlPO4 ...
Subject:
Subject:

... Big Idea/Theme: Understanding how effective collisions encourage chemical reactions and how pressure, temperature and concentration affects the progression of equilibrium in a reversible reaction Learning Targets: (“I can” or “I will” statements) I will understand the factors that affect the rate of ...
Physical Chemistry III
Physical Chemistry III

... Objective of the course: o To acquire the foundations and terminology which characterize the thermodynamic chemistry of material balances in terms of state functions. o To apply thermodynamic chemistry to the resolution of significant problems such as energy changes in chemical reactions, phase chan ...
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Big Idea 6

... • Assume reaction occurs in the forward direction. • Some strategies: – Perfect square – Quadratic equation – 5% rule (used when K is very small-compared to initial concentration) ...
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Lecture I

... When a system is at equilibrium, its state is defined entirely by the state variables, and not by the history of the system. The properties of the system can be described by an equation of state which specifies the relationship between these variables. ...
P2-Equilibrium Activity
P2-Equilibrium Activity

... Not all chemical reactions reach completion where the limiting reactant is consumed completely. In fact, most chemical reactions that occur in living systems never reach completion. Rather, they produce some amount of product then appear to stop reacting in the forward direction, never fully consumi ...
Chemical Equilibrium II
Chemical Equilibrium II

... identical, thus no ____ (macroscopic) change is observed. However, individual components are actively being transformed at the microscopic level. Guldberg and Waage showed that the rate of the reaction in either direction is proportional to what they called the “active masses” of the various compone ...
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V α - Springer

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY II QUIZ 5 November 10, 2009
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Le Chatelier`s Principle Quiz Answer Key

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Chemistry Name: LeChâtlier`s Principle Date: Chemical Equilibrium

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... See your instructor if you have questions. Note that for these questions, the symbol "=" is used to indicate a reversible reaction. Your textbook uses a double-headed arrow. 1. Suppose that equal molar amounts of PCl3 and Cl2 are added to a 2.00 L vessel at 250 o C. The two reagents react to form PC ...
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Title - Iowa State University

... 3. Which of the following statements about catalysts is false? a. A catalyst will speed up the rate of a reaction. b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous r ...
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CHM 111: General Physical Chemistry 3 Units

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Module code SC-2242 Module Title Chemical Thermodynamics and

... -obtain information about the properties of materials from phase diagrams - apply thermodynamic concepts to understand the properties of mixtures and solution phase equilibria Higher order: 10% - present the results of a practical investigation in a concise manner. - analyse the experimental d ...
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Thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of classical thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by permeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium there are no net macroscopic flows of matter or of energy, either within a system or between systems. In a system in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, no macroscopic change occurs. Systems in mutual thermodynamic equilibrium are simultaneously in mutual thermal, mechanical, chemical, and radiative equilibria. Systems can be in one kind of mutual equilibrium, though not in others. In thermodynamic equilibrium, all kinds of equilibrium hold at once and indefinitely, until disturbed by a thermodynamic operation. In a macroscopic equilibrium, almost or perfectly, exactly balanced microscopic exchanges occur; this is part of the notion of macroscopic equilibrium.An isolated thermodynamic system in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium has a uniform temperature. If its surroundings impose some unchanging long range force field on it, it may consist of one phase or may exhibit several spatially unchanging internal phases. If its surroundings impose no long range force field on it, then either (1) it is spatially homogeneous, with all intensive properties being uniform; or (2) it has several internal phases, which may exhibit indefinitely persistent continuous spontaneous microscopic or mesoscopic fluctuations.In non-equilibrium systems, by contrast, there are net flows of matter or energy. If such changes can be triggered to occur in a system in which they are not already occurring, it is said to be in a metastable equilibrium.It is an axiom of thermodynamics that when a body of material starts from a non-equilibrium state of non-homogeneity or chemical non-equilibrium, and, by a thermodynamic operation, is then isolated, it spontaneously evolves towards its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium. This axiom is presupposed by the second law of thermodynamics, which restricts what can happen when a system, having reached thermodynamic equilibrium, with a well defined entropy, is subject to a thermodynamic operation.
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