1917 The Quantum Theory of Radiation
... of the Planck radiation formula which is based on the fundamental assumption of quantum theory and which makes use of the relationship of Maxwell’s curve to the spectral distribution curve. This derivation deserves consideration not only because of its simplicity, but especially because it appears t ...
... of the Planck radiation formula which is based on the fundamental assumption of quantum theory and which makes use of the relationship of Maxwell’s curve to the spectral distribution curve. This derivation deserves consideration not only because of its simplicity, but especially because it appears t ...
Model Part of the Presentation
... Sustained oscillations in one nephron can propagate to the coupled nephron. Resultant oscillations are roughly synchronous. ...
... Sustained oscillations in one nephron can propagate to the coupled nephron. Resultant oscillations are roughly synchronous. ...
Pair Production and the Light-front Vacuum
... special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics in the late 1920s (Dirac, 1927), quantum vacuum has emerged as an extremely interesting medium with remarkable properties to investigate. QED has been extremely successful in explaining the physical phenomena involving the interaction between light ...
... special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics in the late 1920s (Dirac, 1927), quantum vacuum has emerged as an extremely interesting medium with remarkable properties to investigate. QED has been extremely successful in explaining the physical phenomena involving the interaction between light ...
Graviton physics - ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst
... of gravitons. Indeed, like photons, such particles are massless and subject to a gauge invariance, so that similar analytic results for graviton cross sections can be expected. Also, just as virtual photon exchange leads to a detailed understanding of electromagnetic interactions between charged sys ...
... of gravitons. Indeed, like photons, such particles are massless and subject to a gauge invariance, so that similar analytic results for graviton cross sections can be expected. Also, just as virtual photon exchange leads to a detailed understanding of electromagnetic interactions between charged sys ...
Fundamental Mathematics of Consciousness
... quantum systems as QM and quantum field theory are incredibly successful, the role of measurement, the implied role of the observer, and in fact the reality of the state vector given in the above equation, are not. There are more than twenty interpretations of QM (cf. Wikipedia). The von Neumann int ...
... quantum systems as QM and quantum field theory are incredibly successful, the role of measurement, the implied role of the observer, and in fact the reality of the state vector given in the above equation, are not. There are more than twenty interpretations of QM (cf. Wikipedia). The von Neumann int ...
Quantization of the Free Electromagnetic Field: Photons and
... oscillators, at a collection of different wavevectors and wave-polarizations. The knowledge of how to quantize simple harmonic oscillators greatly simplifies the EM field problem. In the end, we get to see how the basic quanta of the EM fields, which are called photons, are created and annihilated i ...
... oscillators, at a collection of different wavevectors and wave-polarizations. The knowledge of how to quantize simple harmonic oscillators greatly simplifies the EM field problem. In the end, we get to see how the basic quanta of the EM fields, which are called photons, are created and annihilated i ...
Geometrical Aspects of Conformal Quantum Field Theory
... In the early seventies, when the mysterious nature of nuclear forces was in the focus of scientific attention, string theory was invented to solve this mystery. Its most remarkable feature is that its basic constituents are not point particles—in contrast to all other theories before—but rather one– ...
... In the early seventies, when the mysterious nature of nuclear forces was in the focus of scientific attention, string theory was invented to solve this mystery. Its most remarkable feature is that its basic constituents are not point particles—in contrast to all other theories before—but rather one– ...
(pdf)
... A wheel on a fixed axle is a rigid body with a fixed point. Also, the Euclidean spaceR3 together with its isometric automorphisms is a rigid body, with fixed point 0 and configuration space O(3). When is it that the configuration space of a rigid body is O(3)? Theorem 4.4. For a rigid body B in Rn , ...
... A wheel on a fixed axle is a rigid body with a fixed point. Also, the Euclidean spaceR3 together with its isometric automorphisms is a rigid body, with fixed point 0 and configuration space O(3). When is it that the configuration space of a rigid body is O(3)? Theorem 4.4. For a rigid body B in Rn , ...
Quantum state majorization at the output of bosonic Gaussian
... formally defined as completely positive and trace preserving operations mapping Gaussian input states into Gaussian output states. The most relevant channels are also invariant under phase space rotations and are called phase-insensitive. For example, the transmission of optical quantum states throu ...
... formally defined as completely positive and trace preserving operations mapping Gaussian input states into Gaussian output states. The most relevant channels are also invariant under phase space rotations and are called phase-insensitive. For example, the transmission of optical quantum states throu ...
Quantum Aspects of Resolving Discrete Charges
... and shown in Fig. 3, when DG is applied to the simulation it acts to smooth the electron concentration. The overall effect of this smoothing process is a reduction in the amount of charge which is trapped by the associated dopant atoms. This reduction in trapped charge leads to a decrease in the eff ...
... and shown in Fig. 3, when DG is applied to the simulation it acts to smooth the electron concentration. The overall effect of this smoothing process is a reduction in the amount of charge which is trapped by the associated dopant atoms. This reduction in trapped charge leads to a decrease in the eff ...
Syllabus
... a) Use appropriate instruments to measure physical quantities: To be explained and carried length, mass, time, temperature, angle, volume and pressure. out in practical session. b) Make rough estimation or order-of-magnitude estimate of a Example: Estimate number physical quantity. of molecules in a ...
... a) Use appropriate instruments to measure physical quantities: To be explained and carried length, mass, time, temperature, angle, volume and pressure. out in practical session. b) Make rough estimation or order-of-magnitude estimate of a Example: Estimate number physical quantity. of molecules in a ...
Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Dirac Void and the Preponderance of
... Dirac vacuum. However, this infinite distribution does not contribute to the electric field of the vacuum, as, off-course, Maxwell [14]’s equation in a perfect vacuum, (∇ · E = 0), must hold true. Thus, only departures from the distribution in a vacuum will contribute to the electric charged density ...
... Dirac vacuum. However, this infinite distribution does not contribute to the electric field of the vacuum, as, off-course, Maxwell [14]’s equation in a perfect vacuum, (∇ · E = 0), must hold true. Thus, only departures from the distribution in a vacuum will contribute to the electric charged density ...
Symplectic Geometry and Geometric Quantization
... formalize the notion of a classical mechanical system. Then we will show how they define and perform its quantization in this framework. The question of quantization consists in assigning a quantum system to a classical one. This problem is still very timely, since there is in general no unique way ...
... formalize the notion of a classical mechanical system. Then we will show how they define and perform its quantization in this framework. The question of quantization consists in assigning a quantum system to a classical one. This problem is still very timely, since there is in general no unique way ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.