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Mechanics Activities - The University of Sydney
Mechanics Activities - The University of Sydney

... The students experiment with colliding moving and stationery objects of the same size, and of different size. The students should consider what happens when a moving object collides with a stationary one, what effect the relative masses have, and what role friction plays. They should consider the di ...
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... terms which guarantee that the conservation laws are obeyed. All these properties are vital for treating open and correlated systems associated to the physical phenomena such as electron transport. In this thesis, we apply the Kadanoff-Baym formalism to study time-dependent nonequilibrium processes ...
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... and meaningfully. We all have an intuitive understanding, for instance, of what distance and motion and time are, but part of the point of introducing different terms that relate to them is to avoid the confusion that using these words indiscriminately can cause. Examples such as “if you walk six fe ...
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... slits each object passes through, manifesting its particle nature. However, performing a which-way experiment unavoidably destroys the interference pattern. This was illustrated in various gedanken experiments, such as Einstein’s recoiling slit1 or Feynman’s light microscope.2 In order to explain th ...
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Boundary condition for the distribution function of conduction
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... – In the language of group theory the four matrices form the U(2) group • one corresponds to multiplying by a phase factor (no flavour transformation) • Remaining three form an SU(2) group (special unitary) with det U=1 Tr(G)=0 • A linearly independent choice for G are the Pauli spin matrices ...
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... The quantum-mechanical computation of one molecule of methane requires 1042 grid points. Assuming that at each point we have to perform only 10 elementary operations, and the computation is performed at the extremely low temperature T=310-3 K, we would still have to use all the energy produced on ...
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Renormalization group



In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.
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