A multi-pathway model for Photosynthetic reaction center
... To present the model, we first illustrate the structure of the Photosystem II reaction center complex in Fig. 1. The six pigment molecules are closely spaced in particular positions and orientations, and coupled by the dipole-dipole interactions resulting in exciton states. These pigments are distri ...
... To present the model, we first illustrate the structure of the Photosystem II reaction center complex in Fig. 1. The six pigment molecules are closely spaced in particular positions and orientations, and coupled by the dipole-dipole interactions resulting in exciton states. These pigments are distri ...
`Quantum Cheshire Cat`as Simple Quantum Interference
... where the photon is measured in the left arm of the interferometer (the beam was displaced up by δy ) and, at the same time, there is positive angular momentum on the right arm of the interferometer (the beam was displaced sideways by δx ). However, as pointed out in our calculations, the probabilit ...
... where the photon is measured in the left arm of the interferometer (the beam was displaced up by δy ) and, at the same time, there is positive angular momentum on the right arm of the interferometer (the beam was displaced sideways by δx ). However, as pointed out in our calculations, the probabilit ...
Current-carrying ground states in mesoscopic and macroscopic systems Michael R. Geller
... Ref. 11 to include the effects of spin-orbit interaction, which has received considerable attention in connection with persistent currents and spontaneous currents. Spin-orbit interaction is known to lead to a topological interference effect, called the Aharonov-Casher effect,14 which is an electrom ...
... Ref. 11 to include the effects of spin-orbit interaction, which has received considerable attention in connection with persistent currents and spontaneous currents. Spin-orbit interaction is known to lead to a topological interference effect, called the Aharonov-Casher effect,14 which is an electrom ...
Vapor REPORTS Observation Condensation
... spacing between particles (3). More precisely, the dimensionless phase-space density, pps = n(Xdb)3, must be greater than 2.612 (2, 4), where n is the number density. Fulfilling this stringent requirement has eluded physicists for decades. Certain well-known physical systems do display characteristi ...
... spacing between particles (3). More precisely, the dimensionless phase-space density, pps = n(Xdb)3, must be greater than 2.612 (2, 4), where n is the number density. Fulfilling this stringent requirement has eluded physicists for decades. Certain well-known physical systems do display characteristi ...
Noncommuting Coordinates in the Landau Problem
... noncommutative spaces, and to understand the transition between the commutative and noncommutative regimes. There exists a well known phenomenological realization of noncommuting coordinates in the realm of quantum mechanics: a charged particle in an external magnetic field so strong that projection ...
... noncommutative spaces, and to understand the transition between the commutative and noncommutative regimes. There exists a well known phenomenological realization of noncommuting coordinates in the realm of quantum mechanics: a charged particle in an external magnetic field so strong that projection ...
Optimal Inequalities for State-Independent Contextuality Linköping University Post Print
... 1=17 5:9% (cf. Ref. [24]), while including all contexts the maximal violation is V ¼ 2=7 28:6% (cf. Ref. [5]). The situation where only contexts up to size three are admissible has not yet been studied and we find numerically a maximal violation of V 14:3%. Conclusions.—Contextuality is suspec ...
... 1=17 5:9% (cf. Ref. [24]), while including all contexts the maximal violation is V ¼ 2=7 28:6% (cf. Ref. [5]). The situation where only contexts up to size three are admissible has not yet been studied and we find numerically a maximal violation of V 14:3%. Conclusions.—Contextuality is suspec ...
P3.9 MEASURING THE VISCOUS DISSIPATION OF TURBULENT
... Figure 4: Plot of ε = δu(xx, l)3 /( 54 l) versus separation l. For 0.03 < l < 0.2 the flat behaviour indicates the validity of Kolmogorov’s fourfifths law and represents ε. ...
... Figure 4: Plot of ε = δu(xx, l)3 /( 54 l) versus separation l. For 0.03 < l < 0.2 the flat behaviour indicates the validity of Kolmogorov’s fourfifths law and represents ε. ...
Improvement by laser quenching of an `atom diode`: a
... one-dimensional (1D) diode scheme, ground state atoms coming from the left within a broad velocity range are transmitted to the right in some excited state whereas ground state atoms from the right are blocked by a state-selective mirror. While this may be enough for some purposes, the absence of an ...
... one-dimensional (1D) diode scheme, ground state atoms coming from the left within a broad velocity range are transmitted to the right in some excited state whereas ground state atoms from the right are blocked by a state-selective mirror. While this may be enough for some purposes, the absence of an ...
109, 105302 (2012)
... where the single atom Hamiltonian HF ¼ k;¼";# ðk ÞCyk Ck , Cyk is the creation operator for a fermion atom with momentum k and spin , k ¼ k2 =2m, m is the atom mass, " ¼ þ h, # ¼ h, is the chemical potential, and h is the Zeeman field. The Hamiltonian P for the Rashba-type SO c ...
... where the single atom Hamiltonian HF ¼ k;¼";# ðk ÞCyk Ck , Cyk is the creation operator for a fermion atom with momentum k and spin , k ¼ k2 =2m, m is the atom mass, " ¼ þ h, # ¼ h, is the chemical potential, and h is the Zeeman field. The Hamiltonian P for the Rashba-type SO c ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... By decreasing oxide layer thickness (tox) the threshold voltage is reduced in a mass MOSFET that cause leakage from the gate oxide. Therefore the connection between power utilization and operational pace is significant to obtain most favorable scaled tool. Second a MOSFET feature degrades with the l ...
... By decreasing oxide layer thickness (tox) the threshold voltage is reduced in a mass MOSFET that cause leakage from the gate oxide. Therefore the connection between power utilization and operational pace is significant to obtain most favorable scaled tool. Second a MOSFET feature degrades with the l ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... we shall take to be zero. Suppose that this system is measured at time ti to be in the state |A = a> (where A represents some complete set of commuting observables of the system, and a represents some particular set of eigenvalues of those observables), and is measured at time tf(tf > ti) to be in t ...
... we shall take to be zero. Suppose that this system is measured at time ti to be in the state |A = a> (where A represents some complete set of commuting observables of the system, and a represents some particular set of eigenvalues of those observables), and is measured at time tf(tf > ti) to be in t ...
General Relativity Needs No Interpretation
... Let us say, then, that we have a framework some aspect of the semantic structure of which is, for one reason or another, poorly understood. One natural route of attack in the attempt to grasp it better is to try to find another framework that we do understand, in the terms of which we can construct ...
... Let us say, then, that we have a framework some aspect of the semantic structure of which is, for one reason or another, poorly understood. One natural route of attack in the attempt to grasp it better is to try to find another framework that we do understand, in the terms of which we can construct ...
Critical flow and dissipation in a quasi–one
... single-particle transverse modes, and find that to fill the lowest excited transverse angular momentum state for a single helium atom, a temperature T ~ D⊥/kB ≃ 3.5/R2 nm2 ⋅ K ~ 0.4 K for R = 3 nm is needed. These estimates, which mostly neglect interaction effects, would place our flow experiments ...
... single-particle transverse modes, and find that to fill the lowest excited transverse angular momentum state for a single helium atom, a temperature T ~ D⊥/kB ≃ 3.5/R2 nm2 ⋅ K ~ 0.4 K for R = 3 nm is needed. These estimates, which mostly neglect interaction effects, would place our flow experiments ...
kiselev.pdf
... associated with this representation. The method works for dilute systems where all the spins can be considered independently. Unfortunately, attempts to generalize this technique to the lattice of spins results in the replacement of the local constraint (the number of particles on each site is fixed) ...
... associated with this representation. The method works for dilute systems where all the spins can be considered independently. Unfortunately, attempts to generalize this technique to the lattice of spins results in the replacement of the local constraint (the number of particles on each site is fixed) ...
Impurity and soliton dynamics in a Fermi gas with nearest
... directions. The density profiles in Fig. 2 show an excitation as an additional DW. We can verify that the two excitations propagate symmetrically by studying the correlation of density on both sides of j0 , as is done in the Supplemental Material [47]. The symmetric propagation results in the comple ...
... directions. The density profiles in Fig. 2 show an excitation as an additional DW. We can verify that the two excitations propagate symmetrically by studying the correlation of density on both sides of j0 , as is done in the Supplemental Material [47]. The symmetric propagation results in the comple ...
Earth-Moon Lagrangian points as a testbed for general relativity and
... our previous papers, as we continue to describe the three-body problem in the context of effective field theories of gravity by adding all features that would contribute to make this subject as close as possible to reality, in order to encourage the launch of future space missions that could verify ...
... our previous papers, as we continue to describe the three-body problem in the context of effective field theories of gravity by adding all features that would contribute to make this subject as close as possible to reality, in order to encourage the launch of future space missions that could verify ...
QUANTUM MECHANICAL BEACI-IVE SCA
... scattering coordinate and then formally summing the distorted wave Born series. The major additional effort here, beyond that required for the perturbative treatment, is that one must solve a large set of simultaneous linear equations (i.e. invert a matrix), the order of which is the number of coupl ...
... scattering coordinate and then formally summing the distorted wave Born series. The major additional effort here, beyond that required for the perturbative treatment, is that one must solve a large set of simultaneous linear equations (i.e. invert a matrix), the order of which is the number of coupl ...
4, 2710 (2013)
... These theoretical and experimental studies are based on the superconducting Cooper pairing (s-wave or chiral p-wave) with zero total momentum, that is, the pairing is between two fermions with opposite momenta k and k (denoted as Bardeen-CooperSchrieffer (BCS) pairing hereafter). On the other hand ...
... These theoretical and experimental studies are based on the superconducting Cooper pairing (s-wave or chiral p-wave) with zero total momentum, that is, the pairing is between two fermions with opposite momenta k and k (denoted as Bardeen-CooperSchrieffer (BCS) pairing hereafter). On the other hand ...
Momentum and Impulse NOTES PPT
... Conceptual Example 4 Is the Total Momentum Conserved? Imagine two balls colliding on a billiard table that is friction-free. Use the momentum conservation principle in answering the following questions. (a) Is the total momentum of the two-ball system the same before and after the collision? (b) Ans ...
... Conceptual Example 4 Is the Total Momentum Conserved? Imagine two balls colliding on a billiard table that is friction-free. Use the momentum conservation principle in answering the following questions. (a) Is the total momentum of the two-ball system the same before and after the collision? (b) Ans ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.