Quantum-gravitational effects for inflationary perturbations and the
... In the decade that followed the discovery of general relativity, quantum mechanics, the other cornerstone of our current understanding of Nature, was developed. Today in physics there is often the dichotomy that quantum mechanics and quantum field theory are used to describe Nature on microscopic sc ...
... In the decade that followed the discovery of general relativity, quantum mechanics, the other cornerstone of our current understanding of Nature, was developed. Today in physics there is often the dichotomy that quantum mechanics and quantum field theory are used to describe Nature on microscopic sc ...
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... great real-world importance. For example, certain widely used encryption methods could be cracked given a computer capable of breaking a large number into its component factors within a reasonable length of time. Virtually all encryption methods used for highly sensitive data are vulnerable to one q ...
... great real-world importance. For example, certain widely used encryption methods could be cracked given a computer capable of breaking a large number into its component factors within a reasonable length of time. Virtually all encryption methods used for highly sensitive data are vulnerable to one q ...
Chapter 5 The Quantum Soul: A Scientific Hypothesis
... (1989), who began by addressing the fundamental nature of superposition. He extended Einstein's general theory of relativity, in which matter is essentially spacetime curvature, to the Planck scale (10- 33 cm), the most basic level of the universe. A particle in one state or location would be a spec ...
... (1989), who began by addressing the fundamental nature of superposition. He extended Einstein's general theory of relativity, in which matter is essentially spacetime curvature, to the Planck scale (10- 33 cm), the most basic level of the universe. A particle in one state or location would be a spec ...
Analogue algorithm for parallel factorization of an exponential
... increasing M the value of the maxima of second order decreases and sM becomes sharper. On the other hand, for a fixed M but increasing j the value of the maxima of second order increases ( j) and sM becomes wider [4]. ...
... increasing M the value of the maxima of second order decreases and sM becomes sharper. On the other hand, for a fixed M but increasing j the value of the maxima of second order increases ( j) and sM becomes wider [4]. ...
Electrically tunable hole g factor of an optically active quantum dot
... convert the RF spectra versus V into a plot of ghx and gex versus Fz , we use an intermediate step, Fig. 2(e). Here we plot all resonance peak positions, 1 to 4, gained from the RF spectra, as a function of Fz . Each transition is fitted to a quadratic function of Fz , E = E0 − pFz + βFz2 [46]. This ...
... convert the RF spectra versus V into a plot of ghx and gex versus Fz , we use an intermediate step, Fig. 2(e). Here we plot all resonance peak positions, 1 to 4, gained from the RF spectra, as a function of Fz . Each transition is fitted to a quadratic function of Fz , E = E0 − pFz + βFz2 [46]. This ...
f(x) = ax2 +bx + c, a, b, c ∈R, a ≠ 0 . (h,k).
... The vertex is the turning point of the parabola. The vertex is either the lowest or highest point depending on how the parabola opens. B. Quadratic Functions in Standard Form 1. The Standard Form of a Quadratic Function The quadratic function ...
... The vertex is the turning point of the parabola. The vertex is either the lowest or highest point depending on how the parabola opens. B. Quadratic Functions in Standard Form 1. The Standard Form of a Quadratic Function The quadratic function ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... explain this it is instructive to recall that the concurrence C = |2αβ (q − 1)|, where α is the mean cavity field, and β = −gα /γ is the mean atomic dipole. As the coupling g increases, for a fixed weak driving field ε , the intracavity field α = ε /(κ + 2g2 /γ ) decreases. The intracavity field is ...
... explain this it is instructive to recall that the concurrence C = |2αβ (q − 1)|, where α is the mean cavity field, and β = −gα /γ is the mean atomic dipole. As the coupling g increases, for a fixed weak driving field ε , the intracavity field α = ε /(κ + 2g2 /γ ) decreases. The intracavity field is ...
how pre-service physics teachers interpret static and kinetic friction
... S: We pulled this card system with a constant force, so it cannot be at rest at this point. It might be in motion. I: Now we said that at this point acceleration is zero, what about the time? Is it zero? S: No, time cannot be zero at this point. It can be any time. So before and after that point the ...
... S: We pulled this card system with a constant force, so it cannot be at rest at this point. It might be in motion. I: Now we said that at this point acceleration is zero, what about the time? Is it zero? S: No, time cannot be zero at this point. It can be any time. So before and after that point the ...
Tunneling Through a Potential Barrier - EMU I-REP
... in accordance with the laws of classical physics. However,tunneling is a microscopic phenomenon where a particle can penetrate an in most cases pass through a potential barier,which is assumed to be higher than the kinetic energy of the particle.Therefore such motion is not allowed by the laws of cl ...
... in accordance with the laws of classical physics. However,tunneling is a microscopic phenomenon where a particle can penetrate an in most cases pass through a potential barier,which is assumed to be higher than the kinetic energy of the particle.Therefore such motion is not allowed by the laws of cl ...
Quantum vs. Classical Magnetization Plateaus of S=1/2 Frustrated
... extensively studied as a macroscopic manifestation of the essentially quantum effect in which the magnetization M is quantized at fractional values of the saturation magnetization Ms in low dimensional magnetism.1–9) There are at least two types of plateau states that can occur for magnetization m = ...
... extensively studied as a macroscopic manifestation of the essentially quantum effect in which the magnetization M is quantized at fractional values of the saturation magnetization Ms in low dimensional magnetism.1–9) There are at least two types of plateau states that can occur for magnetization m = ...
The deuteron
... The simplest nucleus in nature is that of the hydrogen isotope, deuterium. Known as the “deuteron,” the nucleus consists of one proton and one neutron. Due to its simplicity, the deuteron is an ideal candidate for tests of our basic understanding of nuclear physics. Recently, scientists have been st ...
... The simplest nucleus in nature is that of the hydrogen isotope, deuterium. Known as the “deuteron,” the nucleus consists of one proton and one neutron. Due to its simplicity, the deuteron is an ideal candidate for tests of our basic understanding of nuclear physics. Recently, scientists have been st ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.