Document
... We trust quantum over classical coin tossing because an agent who believes the coin is fair cannot rule out an insider attack, whereas the beliefs that lead to a pure-state assignment are inconsistent with any other party’s being able to launch an insider attack. ...
... We trust quantum over classical coin tossing because an agent who believes the coin is fair cannot rule out an insider attack, whereas the beliefs that lead to a pure-state assignment are inconsistent with any other party’s being able to launch an insider attack. ...
The Learnability of Quantum States
... Indeed, even if we wanted to estimate the probabilities of all r of the measurement outcomes simultaneously, it follows from the union bound that we could do this with high probability, after a number of samples linear in n and polynomial in r. We hope this illustrates how our learning theorem can b ...
... Indeed, even if we wanted to estimate the probabilities of all r of the measurement outcomes simultaneously, it follows from the union bound that we could do this with high probability, after a number of samples linear in n and polynomial in r. We hope this illustrates how our learning theorem can b ...
Paper
... fact that momentum transfer above 2qF to any particle will not be Pauli suppressed by occupation of the final state. In principle, this can be observed by using bin sizes smaller than the Fermi wavelength, or by Fourier transforming the spatial noise images. For large values of q, Pauli suppression ...
... fact that momentum transfer above 2qF to any particle will not be Pauli suppressed by occupation of the final state. In principle, this can be observed by using bin sizes smaller than the Fermi wavelength, or by Fourier transforming the spatial noise images. For large values of q, Pauli suppression ...
A Priori Probability and Localized Observers
... priori probability of collapse occurring to a new state σ. I have previously considered, in Donald (1986, 1987a), the mathematics of this definition, but, here, I emphasize its physical motivation. By itself, however, the function appB (σ | ρ) is merely a tool, albeit one which might be useful to an ...
... priori probability of collapse occurring to a new state σ. I have previously considered, in Donald (1986, 1987a), the mathematics of this definition, but, here, I emphasize its physical motivation. By itself, however, the function appB (σ | ρ) is merely a tool, albeit one which might be useful to an ...
Heisenberg Spin Chains : from Quantum Groups to
... one dimensional case where there is no phase transition at any finite temperature to a ferromagnetic ordered state. It is rather unfortunate that Ising did not realize at that time that this failure was a peculiarity of the one dimensional situation. However, this was taken by Heisenberg as a motiva ...
... one dimensional case where there is no phase transition at any finite temperature to a ferromagnetic ordered state. It is rather unfortunate that Ising did not realize at that time that this failure was a peculiarity of the one dimensional situation. However, this was taken by Heisenberg as a motiva ...
HQ-1: Conference on the History of Quantum Physics Max Planck
... the meeting who supported Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis.11 In general, by around 1913 most physicists rejected Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis, and they had good reasons for doing so. First, they believed that Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory had to be universally valid to account for inte ...
... the meeting who supported Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis.11 In general, by around 1913 most physicists rejected Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis, and they had good reasons for doing so. First, they believed that Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory had to be universally valid to account for inte ...
Spin-current and other unusual phases in magnetized triangular lattice antiferromagnets
... triplets [14–16]. There exists a spin model which is derived from the Shastry-Sutherland Hamiltonian [17] for which the plateaus are demonstrated to originate from such ordered states. However, in this model there are plateaus at 1#4, 1#2, and 3#4, and the overall shape of the magnetization curve is ...
... triplets [14–16]. There exists a spin model which is derived from the Shastry-Sutherland Hamiltonian [17] for which the plateaus are demonstrated to originate from such ordered states. However, in this model there are plateaus at 1#4, 1#2, and 3#4, and the overall shape of the magnetization curve is ...
Deriving new operator identities by alternately using normally
... will probably be increasingly used in the future as it becomes better understood and its own special mathematics gets developed [1].” Following his expectation, the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators was invented which can directly apply the Newton-Leibniz integra ...
... will probably be increasingly used in the future as it becomes better understood and its own special mathematics gets developed [1].” Following his expectation, the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators was invented which can directly apply the Newton-Leibniz integra ...
The Physical World as a Virtual Reality
... The physical world as a virtual reality, Nov 2014, http://brianwhitworth.com/BW-VRT1.pdf email mediates a person but is not itself human. A physical construct that represents a quantum reality is not itself real, but it can signify what is. In physical realism, an observed physical reality somehow ...
... The physical world as a virtual reality, Nov 2014, http://brianwhitworth.com/BW-VRT1.pdf email mediates a person but is not itself human. A physical construct that represents a quantum reality is not itself real, but it can signify what is. In physical realism, an observed physical reality somehow ...
Max Born
Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.