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Genetic Algorithms and their Application to the Artificial Evol
Genetic Algorithms and their Application to the Artificial Evol

The new cardiac genetic testing panels
The new cardiac genetic testing panels

Genetic analysis of the floral initiation process (FLIP) in Arabidopsis
Genetic analysis of the floral initiation process (FLIP) in Arabidopsis

... Recent molecular and genetic analysis in both Arabidop sis and Antirrhinum majus have resulted in a model for the control of floral organ identity (Haughn and Somerville, 1988; Schwarz-Sommer et al., 1990; Bowman et al., 1991; Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991). The two basic tenets of the model are firstly ...
Warren, ST and Ashley, CT: Triplet repeat expansion mutations: The example of fragile X syndrome. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18:77-99 (1995).
Warren, ST and Ashley, CT: Triplet repeat expansion mutations: The example of fragile X syndrome. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18:77-99 (1995).

... valve prolapse (Opitz et al 1984, Hagerman & Synhorst 1984, Hagerman et al 1984, Loehr et al 1986). The presence of autistic-like behaviors is frequently reported in fragile X males (and occasionally in female carriers). These be­ haviors include hand-flapping, rocking, or hand-biting (repetitive mo ...
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non

Deletions of NF1 gene and exons detected by multiplex ligation
Deletions of NF1 gene and exons detected by multiplex ligation

Alarmingly High Segregation Frequencies of Quinolone Resistance
Alarmingly High Segregation Frequencies of Quinolone Resistance

... Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to human health. It is therefore important to characterize the frequency of resistance within natural bacterial environments. Many studies have focused on characterizing the frequencies with which horizontally acquired resistance genes segregate within natu ...
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests that Most QTL in an
Imputation-Based Fine-Mapping Suggests that Most QTL in an

... complex traits (Hill 2005). Most traits of interest in animal breeding (e.g. production of eggs ...
Understanding the Scurred condition in Polled Cattle
Understanding the Scurred condition in Polled Cattle

by Vanessa Di Gioacchino A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology
by Vanessa Di Gioacchino A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology

... Goα47A is a candidate gene in a putative haloperidol-affected pathway that is highly expressed in the nervous system. The gene encodes nine transcripts and two isoforms, which are 98% identical and differ only in the N-terminal region. However, the individual roles for each of the two different prot ...
Depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton is a specific phenotype in
Depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton is a specific phenotype in

... (Chowdhury et al., 1992; Lillie and Brown, 1994; Novick et ...
Document
Document

... Our kits for fragment analysis by the capillary electrophoresis technique are aimed at identifying and/or quantifying the number of repetitions that can be considered to be normal in the population and identifying when the number of repetitions exceeds this threshold value. ...
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in

... the number of tandem gene pairs detected is significantly smaller than the number of genes (compare e.g., Hs and Dn in table 1). If gene organization is random, then the frequency of the 3 possible orientations of gene pairs should be 50% h2t, 25% h2h, and 25% t2t. This ratio is indeed more or less ...
here - Glaucoma Genetics Lab
here - Glaucoma Genetics Lab

... pedigree from a village in southern India and to investigate the genetic basis of their disease. Materials and methods: Eighty-four members of a large pedigree received complete eye examinations including slit lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, and ophthalmoscopy. Some were further studied wit ...
hermann joseph muller 1890—1967
hermann joseph muller 1890—1967

... variation has a genetic basis and there must be subtle modifier genes involved in the different expressions of a genetic trait. Morgan had found two such mutants, one called Truncate and the other called Beaded wings. In both cases the shape of the wing varied and neither stock could be made homozyg ...
Hermann Joseph Muller - National Academy of Sciences
Hermann Joseph Muller - National Academy of Sciences

... variation has a genetic basis and there must be subtle modifier genes involved in the different expressions of a genetic trait. Morgan had found two such mutants, one called Truncate and the other called Beaded wings. In both cases the shape of the wing varied and neither stock could be made homozyg ...
An Introduction to Genetic Analysis Chapter 18 Chromosome
An Introduction to Genetic Analysis Chapter 18 Chromosome

... for as long as life has existed on the planet. In fact, changes in chromosome number have been instrumental in molding genomes during evolution. For examples of such changes, we have to look no farther than the food on our dining tables because many of the plants (and some of the animals) that we ea ...
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among

Fanconi anemia and RAD50 deficiency: genetic and functional
Fanconi anemia and RAD50 deficiency: genetic and functional

... The first of these diseases is Fanconi anemia (FA). Several FA genes have been identified in the last few years, raising questions regarding cellular phenotype, mutation spectra, frequency, function , and genotype-phenotype correlations. At the beginning of this thesis only eight of the currently tw ...
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other

... and absent in some “wild” isolates of S. typhimurium). Very useful derivatives of strain LT2 were derived by Ames et al. for the widely used tests of mutagens and carcinogens (2). Analysis of wild-type strains of S. typhimurium by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis shows that LT2 belongs to electroph ...
Dissolving Dominance
Dissolving Dominance

... early 1900s illustrates that its status was never secure. William Bateson, for example, was perhaps the strongest advocate of the new Mendelism among English-speaking researchers. He found Mendel’s quantitative style consonant with his own, hailed the recombination of pure Mendelian units as an expl ...
Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit and plant domestication
Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit and plant domestication

... Domestication traits often seem to be controlled by independent mutations at orthologous loci (Paterson et al., 1995), although this observation does not hold true in all cases (Li and Gill, 2006). The lack of detailed genome sequences and functional analysis of genes at the selected loci limits a t ...
A Mutation in LTBP2 Causes Congenital Glaucoma in
A Mutation in LTBP2 Causes Congenital Glaucoma in

... Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness due to characteristic damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve, and in the human population is estimated to affect more than 60 million people worldwide [1]. Maintenance of an intraocular pressure (IOP) within a defined normal range is vita ...
Proof-of-principle rapid noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
Proof-of-principle rapid noninvasive prenatal diagnosis

... carriers in addition to the mother in family 2 (Figure 1). For family 1, the N370S carrier father was completely homozygous for the entire consensus N370S sequence. This precluded the use of the N370S haplotype for NIPD of his allele. Nonetheless, the familial mutation-linked haplotype of the father ...
The Ff.010 Gene Product Regulates the Expression Domain of
The Ff.010 Gene Product Regulates the Expression Domain of

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Epistasis



Epistasis is a phenomenon that consists of the effect of one gene being dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes' (genetic background). Similarly, epistatic mutations have different effects in combination than individually. It was originally a concept from genetics but is now used in biochemistry, population genetics, computational biology and evolutionary biology. It arises due to interactions, either between genes, or within them leading to non-additive effects. Epistasis has a large influence on the shape of evolutionary landscapes which leads to profound consequences for evolution and evolvability of traits.
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