Analysis of large and small colony L5178Y tk−/− mouse lymphoma
... size distribution, with the larger colonies growing at a rate typical of the tk+l~ cells from which they originated (large colony mutants) and the smaller colonies growing at a slower rate (small colony mutants; Moore et al, 1985). Both colony size classes are produced among both spontaneous mutants ...
... size distribution, with the larger colonies growing at a rate typical of the tk+l~ cells from which they originated (large colony mutants) and the smaller colonies growing at a slower rate (small colony mutants; Moore et al, 1985). Both colony size classes are produced among both spontaneous mutants ...
An Illustrated Introduction to the Basic Biological
... conflict between diversity generation and vigorous activity. Constraining the increase of complexity and stability/robustness/fitness, this intrinsic polarity applies to all evolutionary entities, for example atoms, molecules, and cells. To terrestrial life, active proteins, as a functional performe ...
... conflict between diversity generation and vigorous activity. Constraining the increase of complexity and stability/robustness/fitness, this intrinsic polarity applies to all evolutionary entities, for example atoms, molecules, and cells. To terrestrial life, active proteins, as a functional performe ...
1 FRQ-interacting RNA Helicase (FRH) Mediates Negative and
... presumably reflecting the loss of negative feedback regulation (Figure 2A). As expected (GARCEAU et al. 1997), FRQ expression and protein phosphorylation oscillated in the WT strain (Figure 2B). In comparison, FRQ expression in Mut10 was constitutively high with all phosphoisoforms present at all ti ...
... presumably reflecting the loss of negative feedback regulation (Figure 2A). As expected (GARCEAU et al. 1997), FRQ expression and protein phosphorylation oscillated in the WT strain (Figure 2B). In comparison, FRQ expression in Mut10 was constitutively high with all phosphoisoforms present at all ti ...
Hox patterning of the vertebrate rib cage
... patterning the vertebrate body plan. Whereas flies have eight Hox genes located in a single cluster, mammals have 39 Hox genes arranged in four clusters, which are further subdivided into thirteen paralogous groups based on sequence similarity and position within the cluster. Hox expression along th ...
... patterning the vertebrate body plan. Whereas flies have eight Hox genes located in a single cluster, mammals have 39 Hox genes arranged in four clusters, which are further subdivided into thirteen paralogous groups based on sequence similarity and position within the cluster. Hox expression along th ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... for deficiencies due to the differing glycosylation and improve secretion of the functional enzyme in this heterologous host. Through three generations of random mutagenesis and screening for activity, we have increased the total active, secreted HRP to levels where it is now feasible to tailor this ...
... for deficiencies due to the differing glycosylation and improve secretion of the functional enzyme in this heterologous host. Through three generations of random mutagenesis and screening for activity, we have increased the total active, secreted HRP to levels where it is now feasible to tailor this ...
Vernalization Gene Architecture as a Predictor of Growth Habit in
... facultative forms can be planted in the fall or spring. Growth habit is important because it determines the range of adaptation. Winter and fall-sown facultative varieties generally yield more than spring-planted forms, provided that they have sufficient winter hardiness. However, a lack of winter ...
... facultative forms can be planted in the fall or spring. Growth habit is important because it determines the range of adaptation. Winter and fall-sown facultative varieties generally yield more than spring-planted forms, provided that they have sufficient winter hardiness. However, a lack of winter ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... We measured the average glucosinolate content within the Bay-0 3 Sha RILs and compared the trait distribution among 403 RILs to the Bay-0 and Sha parental means (Table 1). Some RILs accumulated two aliphatic glucosinolates (4-methylsulfinylbutyl [4-MSO] and 4-methylthiobutyl [4-MT]) that are not foun ...
... We measured the average glucosinolate content within the Bay-0 3 Sha RILs and compared the trait distribution among 403 RILs to the Bay-0 and Sha parental means (Table 1). Some RILs accumulated two aliphatic glucosinolates (4-methylsulfinylbutyl [4-MSO] and 4-methylthiobutyl [4-MT]) that are not foun ...
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease
... The a priori chance that a given coordinate in the inheritance vector differs between two adjacent positions t −1 and t is the recombination fraction θ. Recombination frequencies depend on the chromosomal region and on sex. In other words, the inheritance vectors arise during meiosis from an inhomog ...
... The a priori chance that a given coordinate in the inheritance vector differs between two adjacent positions t −1 and t is the recombination fraction θ. Recombination frequencies depend on the chromosomal region and on sex. In other words, the inheritance vectors arise during meiosis from an inhomog ...
Mending Mendelism
... relationship between phenotype and genotype adds an extra layer of complexity. The key to Mendel's insight was focusing on a unit trait, not a dominant/recessive character pair. Contrary to common assumptions, then, dominance is not most frequent. Nor is it simplest. It is not most elementary. Stude ...
... relationship between phenotype and genotype adds an extra layer of complexity. The key to Mendel's insight was focusing on a unit trait, not a dominant/recessive character pair. Contrary to common assumptions, then, dominance is not most frequent. Nor is it simplest. It is not most elementary. Stude ...
Single-gene speciation with pleiotropy: effects of allele dominance
... effects of viability selection and positive frequency-dependent selection due to reproductive ...
... effects of viability selection and positive frequency-dependent selection due to reproductive ...
Testing hypotheses for the functions of APC family
... regulators of Wnt signaling and have cytoskeletal functions. Many functions have been proposed for APC proteins, but these have often rested on dominant-negative or partial loss-of-function approaches. Thus, despite intense interest in APC, significant questions remain about its full range of cellula ...
... regulators of Wnt signaling and have cytoskeletal functions. Many functions have been proposed for APC proteins, but these have often rested on dominant-negative or partial loss-of-function approaches. Thus, despite intense interest in APC, significant questions remain about its full range of cellula ...
Thrombocytosis, Polycythemia Vera, and JAK2 Mutations
... thrombocytosis, and primary myelofibrosis are unique among the myeloproliferative disorders because they share a mutation causing constitutive activation of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2 [see Glossary]) and, as a corollary, the interrelatedness that Dameshek predicted (Figure, top). Indeed, their interrelate ...
... thrombocytosis, and primary myelofibrosis are unique among the myeloproliferative disorders because they share a mutation causing constitutive activation of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2 [see Glossary]) and, as a corollary, the interrelatedness that Dameshek predicted (Figure, top). Indeed, their interrelate ...
Mar22_24
... genetic variation for mutation to act upon • Even if selection is tending to eliminate one allele, recurrent mutation tends to maintain its presence in the gene pool. Thus, if the environment changes to a situation that is more favorable to the allele that was being selected against, that allele is ...
... genetic variation for mutation to act upon • Even if selection is tending to eliminate one allele, recurrent mutation tends to maintain its presence in the gene pool. Thus, if the environment changes to a situation that is more favorable to the allele that was being selected against, that allele is ...
SelectedJournalAsthm..
... A genome-wide search for asthma susceptibility loci in ethnically diverse populations. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA). Nat Genet 1997;15:389-92. Daniels SE, Bhattacharrya S, James A, et al. A genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci underlying asthma. Nature 1996;383: ...
... A genome-wide search for asthma susceptibility loci in ethnically diverse populations. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA). Nat Genet 1997;15:389-92. Daniels SE, Bhattacharrya S, James A, et al. A genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci underlying asthma. Nature 1996;383: ...
Solid Tumour Section Kidney: Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... and the additional sequence coding KTS at the end of exon 9. This transcript is the longest known compared to all others. Protein 55kDa zing finger transcription factor expressed during renal and gonadal development. It can act as an activator of transcription or a transcriptional repressor dependin ...
... and the additional sequence coding KTS at the end of exon 9. This transcript is the longest known compared to all others. Protein 55kDa zing finger transcription factor expressed during renal and gonadal development. It can act as an activator of transcription or a transcriptional repressor dependin ...
Biology 32: Evolutionary Biology Computer simulations of
... migration, no genetic drift (infinite population size), and random mating. Run this simulation and convince yourself that these conditions result in no change in the allele frequencies and also that the genotype frequencies can be predicted by the allele frequencies. Now, try different values for th ...
... migration, no genetic drift (infinite population size), and random mating. Run this simulation and convince yourself that these conditions result in no change in the allele frequencies and also that the genotype frequencies can be predicted by the allele frequencies. Now, try different values for th ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Figure 3 - The etr1-11 mutant is hypersensitive to ethylene......................................24 Figure 4 - The etr1-11 mutation lies within the amino-terminal domain of ETR1.....27 Figure 5 - The etr1-11 ers1-3 double mutant has partial constitutive ethylene responses............................ ...
... Figure 3 - The etr1-11 mutant is hypersensitive to ethylene......................................24 Figure 4 - The etr1-11 mutation lies within the amino-terminal domain of ETR1.....27 Figure 5 - The etr1-11 ers1-3 double mutant has partial constitutive ethylene responses............................ ...
Relative Paucity of Genes Causing Inviability in Hybrids
... more than five non-deficiency-carrying offspring in crosses to D. simulans (these were the criteria we used to determine whether deficiency-carrying hybrids were inviable or of low viability). The deficiencies we used, and their described breakpoints, are given in Table 1. The complete description o ...
... more than five non-deficiency-carrying offspring in crosses to D. simulans (these were the criteria we used to determine whether deficiency-carrying hybrids were inviable or of low viability). The deficiencies we used, and their described breakpoints, are given in Table 1. The complete description o ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms / Melanie
... community. The first has grown into the field of neural networks, the second into machine learning, and the third into what is now called "evolutionary computation," of which genetic algorithms are the most prominent example. ...
... community. The first has grown into the field of neural networks, the second into machine learning, and the third into what is now called "evolutionary computation," of which genetic algorithms are the most prominent example. ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms
... community. The first has grown into the field of neural networks, the second into machine learning, and the third into what is now called "evolutionary computation," of which genetic algorithms are the most prominent example. ...
... community. The first has grown into the field of neural networks, the second into machine learning, and the third into what is now called "evolutionary computation," of which genetic algorithms are the most prominent example. ...
Inverse correlation between SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers
... two copies of SMN1 exon 7), 3.27 10 2; and ‘1D allele’ (chromosome 5 with a small intragenic mutation in SMN1), 1.80 10 4. One hypothesis to explain the presence of two copies of SMN1 on one chromosome 5 is unequal crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Because of the prese ...
... two copies of SMN1 exon 7), 3.27 10 2; and ‘1D allele’ (chromosome 5 with a small intragenic mutation in SMN1), 1.80 10 4. One hypothesis to explain the presence of two copies of SMN1 on one chromosome 5 is unequal crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Because of the prese ...
Epistasis
Epistasis is a phenomenon that consists of the effect of one gene being dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes' (genetic background). Similarly, epistatic mutations have different effects in combination than individually. It was originally a concept from genetics but is now used in biochemistry, population genetics, computational biology and evolutionary biology. It arises due to interactions, either between genes, or within them leading to non-additive effects. Epistasis has a large influence on the shape of evolutionary landscapes which leads to profound consequences for evolution and evolvability of traits.