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Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... Intro to Genetics  For centuries, people have known that certain physical characteristics are passed from one generation to the next.  Using this knowledge, they learned to produce crops and livestock with desired characteristics.  However, how these characteristics are passed from one generatio ...
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... we purchase in cloning “kits” today. Procedures for cDNA cloning, creating libraries of large eukaryotic genomes, and isolating structural genes had not yet been published. Genetic engineering was as controversial then as genetically modified organisms are today. The Asilomar Conference took place i ...
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... These involved shifting cultures between different media supporting altered growth rates, and established that the onset of mitosis required attainment of a critical cell size which was modulated by growth rate. These classical geneti: approaches are a useful way to identify controls operating durin ...
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Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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