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Genes
Genes

... Uniformity in genetics is seen in the following examples: • Genes = base sequences in DNA molecules • One chromosome = one DNA molecule with many genes on it • Genetic code similar in all • Basic processes of DNA replication, transcription, translation • Some genes are found in all organisms • All e ...
Adaptive Protein Evolution of X-linked and Autosomal Genes in
Adaptive Protein Evolution of X-linked and Autosomal Genes in

... X-linked and autosomal genes under several scenarios. If adaptation relies upon new mutations, X-linked genes will adapt faster than autosomes when beneficial mutations are (on average) recessive and adapt slower than autosomes when beneficials are dominant (Charlesworth et al. 1987). In species wit ...
pdf
pdf

... We assigned transcripts from our microarray analysis to two sets: male-specific transcripts (according to combined lists from Andrews et al. 2000; Jin et al. 2001; Swanson et al. 2001; Parisi et al. 2003; from Jin et al. 2001 and Parisi et al. 2003, we took only those transcripts that differed betwe ...
Notes - local.brookings.k12.sd.us
Notes - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

... CAUSE: Mutation in one of three genes for _______________ carried on X chromosome Persons with this disorder have trouble distinguishing colors. _________________ colorblindness is most common Seen in 1 in 10 males 1 in 100 females http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/peripherals/samsung-develops-lcd-for-colo ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... Microorganisms developed to break down components of crude oil have not been released into the environment because of the unknown effects they might have on natural ...
What Makes the “Blue” in Blueberries?
What Makes the “Blue” in Blueberries?

... organization across Vitis and Arabidopsis genomes • José Tomás Matus, Felipe Aquea, and Patricio Arce-Johnson ...
repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences in pseudomonas
repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences in pseudomonas

... suggest that genome fragments lacking REP sequences could be pointing to regions recently acquired from other organisms and REP sequences could be a new tracer for getting insight into the key aspects of bacterial genome evolution, especially for studying pathogenicity acquisition. In addition, as t ...
MovieTranscript
MovieTranscript

... [Narrator]  Tonight  on  NOVA.  During  the  nine  months  that  this  baby  was  inside  her  mother's   womb,  a  remarkable  series  of  events  unfolded.  Weighing  seven  pounds  now,  this  child  started   as  a  single  cell, ...
Virus on virus infects bacterium
Virus on virus infects bacterium

... that do not make accompanying phage were identified long before the strains that do. Maybe the bacteriophage has been caught in different stages of evolution — the newer strains can still produce the phage, whereas the more established strains have been selected for their ability to colonize host ce ...
Mendel’s Laws: Breaking the Law
Mendel’s Laws: Breaking the Law

... (e.g., AB) represent, assuming ...
Tan, Elyn C.: A Critical Review of Statistical Methods for Differential Analysis of 2-sample Microarrays
Tan, Elyn C.: A Critical Review of Statistical Methods for Differential Analysis of 2-sample Microarrays

... One approach to multiple testing is to control the family-wise error rate (FWER), which is the overall probability that at least one gene is incorrectly identified as differentially expressed over a number of statistical tests. One way to control for FWER is to increase the stringency applied to eac ...
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on

... Conjugation can occur between any pair of individuals consisting of one plasmid bearer and one nonplasmid bearer. However, because in our system m; and mq individuals immediately die, we can ignore conjugation events featuring these types. Conjugation therefore occurs between w; individuals and wp, ...
DEBATE Evolutionary origins of the obesity epidemic
DEBATE Evolutionary origins of the obesity epidemic

... but, much more importantly, research in The Gambia and Bangladesh,5 and elsewhere,11 shows a 30–50% reduction in conceptions during each annual hungry season (see Figure 1). Hungry seasons have been a norm in most populations, since the dawn of agriculture and, as pointed out by Fisher, differential ...
The Gene Balance Hypothesis: From Classical Genetics to Modern
The Gene Balance Hypothesis: From Classical Genetics to Modern

... revealed to be an extra chromosome that possessed two identical chromosome arms derived from misdivision of the centromere, manifested by a break in the middle of a centromere with fusion of two sister chromatids, to produce mirror image chromosomes (isochromosomes) generated from a single chromosom ...
Document
Document

... outcome of a sequencing project are masses of raw data  The challenge is to turn these raw data into biological knowledge  A valuable tool for this challenge is an automated diagnostic pipe through which newly determined sequences can be streamlined ...
HGSS Chapters 11 & 12: Modern Gene Hunting (incomplete)
HGSS Chapters 11 & 12: Modern Gene Hunting (incomplete)

... Linkage and Association We humans are diploid (i.e., we have two copies of a gene), inheriting one chromosome from mother, the other from father. In transmitting a chromosome to an offspring, however, the physical process of recombination (crossing over) results in a chromosome that contains part of ...
genetics - New Age International
genetics - New Age International

... shown to be cells; the physical continuity between generations was, therefore, a slender cellular bridge. Fertilization was shown to be the union of gametes, with the fusion of parental nuclei in the cytoplasm of the egg being the crucial event, and with each nucleus providing equal, or nearly equal ...
Comparison of Gene Co-expression Networks and Bayesian Networks
Comparison of Gene Co-expression Networks and Bayesian Networks

... stages of the cell cycle. This data contains about 6% missing values which shall be dealt with slightly differently in the methods discussed below. This data contains real values from the experiments. Usually, this is discretized for most purposes into 3 categories: underexpressed (-1) baseline/norma ...
7.014 Problem Set 7 Solutions
7.014 Problem Set 7 Solutions

X chromosome
X chromosome

... The record for minimum number of chromosomes belongs to a subspecies of the ant Myrmecia pilosula, in which females have a single pair of chromosomes. This species reproduces by a process called haplodiploidy, in which fertilized eggs (diploid) become females, while unfertilized eggs (haploid) deve ...
Human genetics of aging: the centenarians
Human genetics of aging: the centenarians

... SNPs in linkage disequilibrium, was more frequent in semisupercentenarians than in younger controls. Kojima et al., 2004 Other studies found no linkage, the linkage may be population specific. ...
x`*z`* _ _
x`*z`* _ _

... Figure S9, Comparison of results generated by VISITs and those in the two original papers. To investigate the difference our results with those already published, the human dataset2 was compared using the true-positive genes, as shown below. Improved power by our approaches can be seen in both coun ...
File
File

... A restriction fragment from interval 1A2 detects highly conserved sequences in mammals and birds. (c) Listed below are eight possible conclusions that might be reached from these data. Only three of them, however, follow from the data. Circle the numbers of the three pertinent conclusions. (1) This ...
Bacterial Gene Swapping in Nature
Bacterial Gene Swapping in Nature

... concern: rising resistance to antibiotics in disease-causing bacteria. It turns out that bacteria, which are single-cell organisms, often donate antibiotic-resistance genes to other species of bacteria in the human body. Understanding when and how this transfer occurs should help investigators devel ...
Dot plot - TeachLine
Dot plot - TeachLine

... Identify sequences found in lab experiments What is this thing I just found? ...
< 1 ... 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 ... 555 >

Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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