I. Comparing genome sequences
... • Orthologous sequences = homologous sequences separated by a speciation event (e.g., human HOXA and mouse Hoxa) • Paralogous sequences = homologous sequences separated by gene duplication (e.g., human HOXA and human HOXB) ...
... • Orthologous sequences = homologous sequences separated by a speciation event (e.g., human HOXA and mouse Hoxa) • Paralogous sequences = homologous sequences separated by gene duplication (e.g., human HOXA and human HOXB) ...
What is Bioinformatics?
... • Define the location of genes (coding sequences, regulatory regions) • Gene prediction using software based on rules and patterns. Find Open Reading Frames (ORFs), with additional criteria for good start sequence for a gene. • Gene identification through alignment with known proteins and EST sequen ...
... • Define the location of genes (coding sequences, regulatory regions) • Gene prediction using software based on rules and patterns. Find Open Reading Frames (ORFs), with additional criteria for good start sequence for a gene. • Gene identification through alignment with known proteins and EST sequen ...
Natural Selection
... 3. More offspring are produced than the environment can support, so there is competition for resources (from Malthus) 4. Those individuals whose characteristics make them best suited to the environment (fitness) live and reproduce and have more offspring (survival of the fittest). ...
... 3. More offspring are produced than the environment can support, so there is competition for resources (from Malthus) 4. Those individuals whose characteristics make them best suited to the environment (fitness) live and reproduce and have more offspring (survival of the fittest). ...
Self-Adaptation of Genome Size in Artificial Organisms
... When all mutation rates are increased, the acquired genomic structure is quickly displaced by a new, shorter one, more robust but less fit. This shows that the shrinkage effect can be surprisingly strong, compared to the pressure for individual adaptation. When, on the contrary, all mutation rates a ...
... When all mutation rates are increased, the acquired genomic structure is quickly displaced by a new, shorter one, more robust but less fit. This shows that the shrinkage effect can be surprisingly strong, compared to the pressure for individual adaptation. When, on the contrary, all mutation rates a ...
110586_Natural_Selection
... 3. More offspring are produced than the environment can support, so there is competition for resources (from Malthus) 4. Those individuals whose characteristics make them best suited to the environment (fitness) live and reproduce and have more offspring (survival of the fittest). ...
... 3. More offspring are produced than the environment can support, so there is competition for resources (from Malthus) 4. Those individuals whose characteristics make them best suited to the environment (fitness) live and reproduce and have more offspring (survival of the fittest). ...
Ch. 8 Mutations
... contains 3.2 billion base pairs. During DNA Replication, DNA makes an error every 100,000 base pairs and repairs it to an average of one error every 10 billion base pairs. That’s an average of 0.31 base pairs each time DNA is replicated. ...
... contains 3.2 billion base pairs. During DNA Replication, DNA makes an error every 100,000 base pairs and repairs it to an average of one error every 10 billion base pairs. That’s an average of 0.31 base pairs each time DNA is replicated. ...
Genes and health
... You may need to copy some of the slides to include all your information: go to ‘Insert’ and choose ‘Insert duplicate slide’. • Make sure you link the starting slide for each topic back to the Index and that the topic is included in the Index. ...
... You may need to copy some of the slides to include all your information: go to ‘Insert’ and choose ‘Insert duplicate slide’. • Make sure you link the starting slide for each topic back to the Index and that the topic is included in the Index. ...
talk_DNAEditing
... • In human, protein coding sequences are only 2% of the genome. • All animals have the same order of magnitude of genes (few tens of thousands). • Does non-coding DNA determines complexity? • Is everything else junk? ...
... • In human, protein coding sequences are only 2% of the genome. • All animals have the same order of magnitude of genes (few tens of thousands). • Does non-coding DNA determines complexity? • Is everything else junk? ...
Mutations
... Hybridization: offspring are a blend of parents Inbreeding: offspring similar to parents (higher rate of genetic defects) ...
... Hybridization: offspring are a blend of parents Inbreeding: offspring similar to parents (higher rate of genetic defects) ...
Day1-UVM-2ndvisit-Pombe
... • Isolate RNA from the yeast grown in two different conditions, prepare target from it and use it on microarrays to see changes in gene expression ...
... • Isolate RNA from the yeast grown in two different conditions, prepare target from it and use it on microarrays to see changes in gene expression ...
17.1 How do defective proteins lead to diseases?
... 17.1 How do defective proteins lead to diseases? Abnormalities in nearly all classes of proteins, including enzymes, transport proteins, receptor proteins, and structural proteins, have been implicated in genetic diseases. While a single amino acid difference can be the cause of disease, amino acid ...
... 17.1 How do defective proteins lead to diseases? Abnormalities in nearly all classes of proteins, including enzymes, transport proteins, receptor proteins, and structural proteins, have been implicated in genetic diseases. While a single amino acid difference can be the cause of disease, amino acid ...
Chapter-4-Lecture
... of key genes during brain development that increases a boy’s attraction to his own sex. The explanation obviously does not hold true for all cases of homosexuality, but it may provide important clues into the origin of heterosexual as well as homosexual orientation for some people. ...
... of key genes during brain development that increases a boy’s attraction to his own sex. The explanation obviously does not hold true for all cases of homosexuality, but it may provide important clues into the origin of heterosexual as well as homosexual orientation for some people. ...
Topics in Computational Biology
... The genome contained within a human cell is very large and complex. It holds all of the genetic information necessary for its creation and function encoded with a total of six feet of DNA. The goals of the Human Genome Initiative (HGI), as framed by the National Institutes of Health and the Departme ...
... The genome contained within a human cell is very large and complex. It holds all of the genetic information necessary for its creation and function encoded with a total of six feet of DNA. The goals of the Human Genome Initiative (HGI), as framed by the National Institutes of Health and the Departme ...
ppt
... •Exons are rearranged to form different proteins (alt. splicing) •This allows 30,000 genes to produce 120,000 diff. proteins. ...
... •Exons are rearranged to form different proteins (alt. splicing) •This allows 30,000 genes to produce 120,000 diff. proteins. ...
hox genes - WordPress.com
... Now that you understand the regulatory system that controls how genes are expressed, revisit the example of wing differentiation between Drosophila and Butterflies. Explain the genes and regulatory elements involved in the development of these wings: ...
... Now that you understand the regulatory system that controls how genes are expressed, revisit the example of wing differentiation between Drosophila and Butterflies. Explain the genes and regulatory elements involved in the development of these wings: ...
statistical testing
... Starting in September 2009, this unit has contributed to different research projects by providing support and expertise in programming and advanced data analysis, focusing primarily on high-throughput genomics technologies including microarrays, genotyping and next-generation sequencing. The unit is ...
... Starting in September 2009, this unit has contributed to different research projects by providing support and expertise in programming and advanced data analysis, focusing primarily on high-throughput genomics technologies including microarrays, genotyping and next-generation sequencing. The unit is ...
PPT
... all genes are included into one cluster. In the case of divisive clustering, the whole set of genes is considered as a single cluster and is broken down iteratively into sub-clusters with similar expression profiles until each cluster contains only one gene. This information can be represented as a ...
... all genes are included into one cluster. In the case of divisive clustering, the whole set of genes is considered as a single cluster and is broken down iteratively into sub-clusters with similar expression profiles until each cluster contains only one gene. This information can be represented as a ...
What is Genetic Engineering?
... DNA is cut in the desired place using restriction enzymes. Each different type of restriction enzyme "seeks out" and cuts DNA at a spot marked by a different sequence of base pairs. One restriction enzyme may cut the DNA at every "AATC", for example, while another cuts all "ATG" sequences. The DNA i ...
... DNA is cut in the desired place using restriction enzymes. Each different type of restriction enzyme "seeks out" and cuts DNA at a spot marked by a different sequence of base pairs. One restriction enzyme may cut the DNA at every "AATC", for example, while another cuts all "ATG" sequences. The DNA i ...
Primer on Comparative Genomics in PLoS
... Conserved: Derived from a common ancestor and retained in contemporary related species. Conserved features may or may not be under selection. Evolutionary drift: The accumulation of sequence differences that have little or no impact on the fitness of an organism; such neutral mutations are not under ...
... Conserved: Derived from a common ancestor and retained in contemporary related species. Conserved features may or may not be under selection. Evolutionary drift: The accumulation of sequence differences that have little or no impact on the fitness of an organism; such neutral mutations are not under ...
Set 5
... antenna. How would you test this idea? What materials would you need? What parts of the regulated genes must you identify? How would you verify a direct interaction in vitro and in vivo, between the protein and candidate target genes? ...
... antenna. How would you test this idea? What materials would you need? What parts of the regulated genes must you identify? How would you verify a direct interaction in vitro and in vivo, between the protein and candidate target genes? ...
Genetics - DNA
... Gametes (sex cells) contain half the normal number of chromosomes - they are haploid (n). For instance human egg and sperm cells each contain 23 chromosomes. During fertilisation they will fuse together to form a zygote – a single cell with the normal number of chromosomes. This single cell will gro ...
... Gametes (sex cells) contain half the normal number of chromosomes - they are haploid (n). For instance human egg and sperm cells each contain 23 chromosomes. During fertilisation they will fuse together to form a zygote – a single cell with the normal number of chromosomes. This single cell will gro ...
Understanding the Mechanism of Adaptive Evolution and
... From the beginning of my research at 1997, I have been focusing on the adaptive evolution of animals. Especially, the mechanism of morphological diversification in higher vertebrates through adaptive evolution is of my primary interest because the earth is full of interesting creatures in terms of t ...
... From the beginning of my research at 1997, I have been focusing on the adaptive evolution of animals. Especially, the mechanism of morphological diversification in higher vertebrates through adaptive evolution is of my primary interest because the earth is full of interesting creatures in terms of t ...
... dna replication is necessary for the transmission of genetic information and thus such a process must achieve accurate copying of the genome. Since the last century the replicon model has been proposed in order to explain the general mechanism of genome duplication in bacteria. Later work in yeast l ...
How Genes and Genomes Evolve
... • Moderately repetitive DNA – 10-80% of eukaryotic genomes • Coding repeats – Ribosomal RNA genes • rRNA is necessary in large amounts • Genes are arrayed tandemly ...
... • Moderately repetitive DNA – 10-80% of eukaryotic genomes • Coding repeats – Ribosomal RNA genes • rRNA is necessary in large amounts • Genes are arrayed tandemly ...
Genome evolution
Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure (sequence) or size over time. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields such as structural analysis of the genome, the study of genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics. Genome evolution is a constantly changing and evolving field due to the steadily growing number of sequenced genomes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, available to the scientific community and the public at large.