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Bits and Bytes and Hex
Bits and Bytes and Hex

... digits to represent negative numbers too (e.g., −12), or even fractional values (e.g., 43.45). We’ll show how computers do this later, in subsequent chapters, so if that sounds exciting, just wait! And if it doesn’t sound exciting, well, you are probably a normal person. ...
Outline - University of Iowa
Outline - University of Iowa

... Voltage swing is small; typically around 250 mV ...
Computer Systems Binary Representation
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... Computers today are extremely complex and are built of many interconnected components; in addition to actual data processing, they have to perform tasks such as communicate with other computers and devices, to interact with the user and the environment, etc. Therefore we speak about Computer Systems ...
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How Computers Work P an introduction to serial, vector, and
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... 1 by the number in register 2 and place the result in register 3.”* The p(i) and a(i) arrays are also in main memory. In this example, each of the first two elements of p(i) has already been multiplied by the corresponding element of a(i), and the resulting r(1) and r(2) have been stored in main mem ...
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... programs, called an operating system, provides an interface for the user and allows applications programs to communicate with the hardware. Common applications programs include wordprocessors for creating and editing texts, spreadsheets for calculating mathematical formulae and databases for storing ...
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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

... ground of a power supply • The rungs represent the wiring between the different components which in the case of a PLC are all in the virtual world of the CPU • In this simplest of examples a digital input (like a button connected to the first position on the card) when it is pressed turns on an outp ...
IAT 267 Review
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... There are basically two types of ICT systems: embedded and general purpose. An embedded system is one which is fixed inside the device that it controls. They can be found in all sorts of everyday devices, from the automated teller machine outside the bank, to the washing machine and the car. They ar ...
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... Provide temporary storage where data must reside while it is being processed or manipulated Cache Memory A small block of memory used by the processors to store those instructions most recently or most often. This significantly increases the speed of the processor. Cache memory comes in two types: • ...
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... z The Boxford software is an integrated suite of powerful CAD/CAM tools. z The CAD allows ONLY components suitable for lathe machining to be designed and provides automatic and dynamic dimensioning. A 3D solid model view is also available. z Drawings from other CAD applications can also be imported ...
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... • An aid in developing the logic of a program. • Verification that all possible conditions have been considered in a program. • Provides means of communication with others about the program. • A guide in coding the program. • Documentation for the program. Chapter 2- Visual Basic ...
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... RF signals would be captured by a receiver tuned to the appropriate frequency bands, interpreted by a microcontroller, and the data sent to a laptop computer where the power level would be displayed on a graph. The graph of each frequency band would be updated at either user selected rate or manuall ...
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... Manually installing printers for every client logging into TLC computers would be time consuming and inconvenient. For this reason, IT assigns an Active Directory Policy to all TLC computers covering the installation of TLC printers. On log in, the computer checks in with AD which verifies the clien ...
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... Programming AT89C55WD is needed voltage at least 5.6V Programming data into the IC (follow ATMEL specification, it guarantees at 6.5 V) If voltage less than 5.6V, it maybe can't program some lot of CHIPs. It can solve this promblem by attaching one diode at the second pin of the IC 7805. The voltage ...
Computer Systems Organization
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... Read-only memories (ROMs) are memory devices that the CPU can read but cannot write. Many ROMs are factory programmed and there is no way to alter their contents (the term programming here means writing values into a ROM). These devices are denser and cheaper to manufacture than other type of ROM. ...
Design of a Microcontroller-based Circuit for Software
Design of a Microcontroller-based Circuit for Software

... Abstract—In light of technological development, exploit the potential of computer and benefit from its services has become very important, so the computer software has played a major role in various fields in our life. Facing the use of these software and their manufacturing many of risks such as pi ...
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Computer program



A computer program or app is a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task on a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable source code form, from which executable programs are derived (e.g., compiled), enables a programmer to study and develop its algorithms. A collection of computer programs and related data is referred to as the software.Computer source code is typically written by computer programmers. Source code is written in a programming language that usually follows one of two main paradigms: imperative or declarative programming. Source code may be converted into an executable file (sometimes called an executable program or a binary) by a compiler and later executed by a central processing unit. Alternatively, computer programs may be executed with the aid of an interpreter, or may be embedded directly into hardware.Computer programs may be ranked along functional lines: system software and application software. Two or more computer programs may run simultaneously on one computer from the perspective of the user, this process being known as multitasking.A computer program can be deemed an industrial or commercial product when that is useful for the concerns of a business model, which involves such aspects as labor, markets, profitability, and quality-control. This is how most proprietary software is classified, though open-source software can also be regarded as a product if a commercial entity specializes in it; e.g. Red Hat, Inc. or SUSE, as both which develop and maintain open-source software products.
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