Influence of industrial contamination on mobile genetic elements
... rarely in a quantitative manner due to previous methodological constraints. In those studies that did quantify MGE abundance in bacterial communities, class 1 integrase (intI1) genes were shown to be abundant in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in poultry litter obtained from farms with vary ...
... rarely in a quantitative manner due to previous methodological constraints. In those studies that did quantify MGE abundance in bacterial communities, class 1 integrase (intI1) genes were shown to be abundant in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in poultry litter obtained from farms with vary ...
Advances in the Genetics of Attention-Deficit
... by a polygenic liability consisting of many common DNA variants (2). GWAS also gave us replicated discoveries of rare deletions and insertions known as copy number variants (CNVs) (3). These GWAS data confirmed what many had suspected from epidemiologic data, that ADHD’s genetic liability consists of ...
... by a polygenic liability consisting of many common DNA variants (2). GWAS also gave us replicated discoveries of rare deletions and insertions known as copy number variants (CNVs) (3). These GWAS data confirmed what many had suspected from epidemiologic data, that ADHD’s genetic liability consists of ...
Lesson Overview
... For example, humans have three genes responsible for color vision, all located on the X chromosome. In males, a defective allele for any of these genes results in colorblindness, an inability to distinguish certain colors. The most common form, red-green colorblindness, occurs in about 1 in 12 males ...
... For example, humans have three genes responsible for color vision, all located on the X chromosome. In males, a defective allele for any of these genes results in colorblindness, an inability to distinguish certain colors. The most common form, red-green colorblindness, occurs in about 1 in 12 males ...
Gene Rearrangement Analysis and Ancestral Order Inference from
... Background: Genome evolution is shaped not only by nucleotide substitutions, but also by structural changes including gene and genome duplications, insertions, deletions and gene order rearrangements. The most popular methods for reconstructing phylogeny from genome rearrangements include GRAPPA and ...
... Background: Genome evolution is shaped not only by nucleotide substitutions, but also by structural changes including gene and genome duplications, insertions, deletions and gene order rearrangements. The most popular methods for reconstructing phylogeny from genome rearrangements include GRAPPA and ...
Changes to Exempt Dealings - Office of the Gene Technology
... No. If your NLRD was notified prior to 31 March 2007, the NLRD authority remains and you do not need to apply again if it is now reclassified as a ‘PC1’ NLRD. However, if you have (or will commence work on) a dealing that was classified as an exempt dealing after 31 March 2007, you DO need to obtain ...
... No. If your NLRD was notified prior to 31 March 2007, the NLRD authority remains and you do not need to apply again if it is now reclassified as a ‘PC1’ NLRD. However, if you have (or will commence work on) a dealing that was classified as an exempt dealing after 31 March 2007, you DO need to obtain ...
Virtual Mentor - AMA Journal of Ethics
... Achondroplasia demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance: carriers of the gene mutation (those with one affected and one unaffected gene, i.e., heterozygotes) display the classic disease traits; those with two copies of the affected gene (i.e., homozygotes) do not live—the homozygous state is inco ...
... Achondroplasia demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance: carriers of the gene mutation (those with one affected and one unaffected gene, i.e., heterozygotes) display the classic disease traits; those with two copies of the affected gene (i.e., homozygotes) do not live—the homozygous state is inco ...
Genetic Algorithms
... The two parent individuals are combined to produce two new offspring. Exactly half of the non-matching bits in the parent individuals are swapped. This gives the number of differing bits which is divided by two. The resulting number is how many of the bits that do not match between the two parents a ...
... The two parent individuals are combined to produce two new offspring. Exactly half of the non-matching bits in the parent individuals are swapped. This gives the number of differing bits which is divided by two. The resulting number is how many of the bits that do not match between the two parents a ...
IJBT 10(2) 235-237
... cattle12 and goat13. The kappa casein protein variants in goats were established and confirmed at the protein14,15 and DNA15-19 level. A total of 14 DNA variants have been identified in the domestic goats19,20 and showed that the number of alleles identified in the domesticated goat has increased to ...
... cattle12 and goat13. The kappa casein protein variants in goats were established and confirmed at the protein14,15 and DNA15-19 level. A total of 14 DNA variants have been identified in the domestic goats19,20 and showed that the number of alleles identified in the domesticated goat has increased to ...
“Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution
... biology. I can, of course, do only partial justice to Dobzhansky’s advocacy of the centrality of evolutionary studies within the biological sciences. ...
... biology. I can, of course, do only partial justice to Dobzhansky’s advocacy of the centrality of evolutionary studies within the biological sciences. ...
DETERMINING THE BEST MUTATION PROBABILITIES OF A
... evaluates the chromosomes and determines the quality of the candidate solutions (http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/genalg/genalg.html). In order to compute the fitness of a chromosome, we must determine the degree of improvement for the best candidate solution when using the GA3SM algorithm with the p ...
... evaluates the chromosomes and determines the quality of the candidate solutions (http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/genalg/genalg.html). In order to compute the fitness of a chromosome, we must determine the degree of improvement for the best candidate solution when using the GA3SM algorithm with the p ...
ISMB2008PosterManagingGenomicData
... GMOD supports visualizing comparative genomics data. Sybil shows syntenic regions and whole genome comparisons. CMap shows comparative maps of any type (genetic, physical, sequence, …). SynView (shown), GBrowse_syn and SynBrowse are GBrowsebased synteny browsers. ...
... GMOD supports visualizing comparative genomics data. Sybil shows syntenic regions and whole genome comparisons. CMap shows comparative maps of any type (genetic, physical, sequence, …). SynView (shown), GBrowse_syn and SynBrowse are GBrowsebased synteny browsers. ...
Host Genetic Factors in Resistance and Susceptibility to
... Familial clustering,8 twin studies,9–11 and segregation analyses12 support the hypothesis that susceptibility to mycobacterial disease is genetically regulated. Kallman and Reissner’s9 analysis of tuberculosis among twins revealed that if one of a pair of identical twins had the disease, the other h ...
... Familial clustering,8 twin studies,9–11 and segregation analyses12 support the hypothesis that susceptibility to mycobacterial disease is genetically regulated. Kallman and Reissner’s9 analysis of tuberculosis among twins revealed that if one of a pair of identical twins had the disease, the other h ...
Multiple domestications of Asian rice
... (Supplementary Tables 10 and 113) shows that at least some of these genes have not undergone selection in both of these cultivated groups. For example the gSH1, Waxy and Rc genes, as well as various genomic regions associated with quantitative traits such as grain length/number/weight, tiller angle ...
... (Supplementary Tables 10 and 113) shows that at least some of these genes have not undergone selection in both of these cultivated groups. For example the gSH1, Waxy and Rc genes, as well as various genomic regions associated with quantitative traits such as grain length/number/weight, tiller angle ...
Using Risk-based Sampling to Enrich Cohorts for Endpoints, Genes
... GAUSS Mathematical and Statistical System (Aptech Systems, Inc., Black Diamond, Washington)) provides power for a given noncentrality parameter by computing the probability in the upper tail of the noncentral chi-square distribution. For comparison, we also calculate the noncentrality parameter for ...
... GAUSS Mathematical and Statistical System (Aptech Systems, Inc., Black Diamond, Washington)) provides power for a given noncentrality parameter by computing the probability in the upper tail of the noncentral chi-square distribution. For comparison, we also calculate the noncentrality parameter for ...
Using Genetic Algorithms with Asexual
... by replacing the traditional crossover operators. In this paper we extend that work to the case of asexual reproduction. The GA efficiency was compared when using asexual transposition and the traditional crossover operators. The results obtained show that asexual transposition still allowed the mod ...
... by replacing the traditional crossover operators. In this paper we extend that work to the case of asexual reproduction. The GA efficiency was compared when using asexual transposition and the traditional crossover operators. The results obtained show that asexual transposition still allowed the mod ...
Two groups of human herpesvirus 6 identified by sequence
... (Martin et al., 1991; Lindquester & Pellett, 1991). In this study we investigated the molecular basis for differences between HH¥-6 strain groups by PCR and sequence analysis of 15 variants, including laboratory reference strains from both groups. We also studied, by PCR, strains in two potential pa ...
... (Martin et al., 1991; Lindquester & Pellett, 1991). In this study we investigated the molecular basis for differences between HH¥-6 strain groups by PCR and sequence analysis of 15 variants, including laboratory reference strains from both groups. We also studied, by PCR, strains in two potential pa ...
Murine herpesvirus 68 is genetically related to the
... genome consists of 118 kbp of unique sequence D N A bounded by variable copies of a 1-23 kb repeat (Efstathiou et al., 1990), a structure similar to the genomes of members of the lymphotropic V2 herpesvirus subgroup of which the best studied member is HVS (Fleckenstein & Desrosiers, 1982). In order ...
... genome consists of 118 kbp of unique sequence D N A bounded by variable copies of a 1-23 kb repeat (Efstathiou et al., 1990), a structure similar to the genomes of members of the lymphotropic V2 herpesvirus subgroup of which the best studied member is HVS (Fleckenstein & Desrosiers, 1982). In order ...
2001_butterfield_THE SUGARCANE GENOME
... being initiated to provide a range of selected I1 hybrid material for use in the breeding programme, and alternative breeding strategies involving a combination of recurrent selection and germplasm introgression are being developed. Chromosome numbers within the elite breeding population will be est ...
... being initiated to provide a range of selected I1 hybrid material for use in the breeding programme, and alternative breeding strategies involving a combination of recurrent selection and germplasm introgression are being developed. Chromosome numbers within the elite breeding population will be est ...
Supplementary Infomation (doc 1650K)
... Haenszel stratified tests. Shown are expected P-values plotted against observed P-values resulting from each single study and for the meta-analysis after genomic control correction. All cohorts showed low over-dispersion of the chi-square statistics with the following λvalues: EGCUT = 1.00, ERF = 0. ...
... Haenszel stratified tests. Shown are expected P-values plotted against observed P-values resulting from each single study and for the meta-analysis after genomic control correction. All cohorts showed low over-dispersion of the chi-square statistics with the following λvalues: EGCUT = 1.00, ERF = 0. ...
tutorial in biostatistics genetic mapping of complex traits
... pairs of autosomal chromosomes in this tutorial. Each chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA, a linear molecule with units known as base pairs. A chromosomal location (which may be a single base pair or a collection of consecutive base pairs) is termed a genetic locus. At each locus, there may ...
... pairs of autosomal chromosomes in this tutorial. Each chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA, a linear molecule with units known as base pairs. A chromosomal location (which may be a single base pair or a collection of consecutive base pairs) is termed a genetic locus. At each locus, there may ...
Male Bias in Distributions of Additive Genetic, Residual, and
... distinct alleles or genes through sexual antagonism (Chippindale et al. 2001) or by experiencing distinct mutational effects (Mallet et al. 2011; Sharp and Agrawal 2012), which will affect a. Finally, alleles may have sex-specific dominance effects (Fry 2010), leading to a difference in d and, thus, ...
... distinct alleles or genes through sexual antagonism (Chippindale et al. 2001) or by experiencing distinct mutational effects (Mallet et al. 2011; Sharp and Agrawal 2012), which will affect a. Finally, alleles may have sex-specific dominance effects (Fry 2010), leading to a difference in d and, thus, ...
Construction of a genetic linkage map of Thlaspi
... Codominant CAPS/Indel markers PCR-based codominant markers were developed for the accessions LE and LC. The markers were based on Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), from an EST library of T. caerulescens accession LC (D. Rigola & M. G. M. Aarts, unpublished results), for which homologous genes were fou ...
... Codominant CAPS/Indel markers PCR-based codominant markers were developed for the accessions LE and LC. The markers were based on Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), from an EST library of T. caerulescens accession LC (D. Rigola & M. G. M. Aarts, unpublished results), for which homologous genes were fou ...
Mapping the Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in Human Liver
... analysis provide a significantly reduced set of SNPs on which to focus (;3,700 versus 782,476). The set of SNPs associated with expression (eSNPs) can be considered a functionally validated set, given that the SNPs in this set have been found to associate with biologically relevant control of gene ex ...
... analysis provide a significantly reduced set of SNPs on which to focus (;3,700 versus 782,476). The set of SNPs associated with expression (eSNPs) can be considered a functionally validated set, given that the SNPs in this set have been found to associate with biologically relevant control of gene ex ...
Gene affecting stature and body size in mammalian species
... infinite number of loci, each with infinitesimal effect, is not literally true but it ...
... infinite number of loci, each with infinitesimal effect, is not literally true but it ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.