PopStratGEMS - Division of Statistical Genomics
... If a disease has some genetic factors, and the disease gene frequency in pop 2 is higher than in pop 1. After the admixture of pop 1 and 2, the diseased individuals in admixed generations will carry disease genes/alleles that have more ancestry from pop 2 than from pop 1. If a marker is linked wit ...
... If a disease has some genetic factors, and the disease gene frequency in pop 2 is higher than in pop 1. After the admixture of pop 1 and 2, the diseased individuals in admixed generations will carry disease genes/alleles that have more ancestry from pop 2 than from pop 1. If a marker is linked wit ...
Chapter 1 Interactive Quiz
... A. A guiding principal of nationalization. B. A type of animal behavior insuring leadership. C. When principals make rules for a school. D. One gene will show in the phenotype when another of a similar type needs two to show. ...
... A. A guiding principal of nationalization. B. A type of animal behavior insuring leadership. C. When principals make rules for a school. D. One gene will show in the phenotype when another of a similar type needs two to show. ...
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
... pairs of MZ twins to DZ twins. The greater the difference, the higher the heritability. c. Inherited traits may stand out in an adoptee’s family where each member lives in the same environment, but the adopted individual has different genes. d. GWAS identify patterns of genetic variability that are ...
... pairs of MZ twins to DZ twins. The greater the difference, the higher the heritability. c. Inherited traits may stand out in an adoptee’s family where each member lives in the same environment, but the adopted individual has different genes. d. GWAS identify patterns of genetic variability that are ...
Chapter 2: Evolution and Biology
... In areas where malaria was a problem, children who inherited one sickle hemoglobin gene (Heterozygous genotype) had a survival advantage. Children with the heterozygous genotype were more likely to survive malaria epidemics than children with the homozygous dominant genotype. They more frequentl ...
... In areas where malaria was a problem, children who inherited one sickle hemoglobin gene (Heterozygous genotype) had a survival advantage. Children with the heterozygous genotype were more likely to survive malaria epidemics than children with the homozygous dominant genotype. They more frequentl ...
outline7542
... 2. DNA makes up genes that make up chromosomes. B. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein. A set of three nucleotide bases in the DNA sequence specify an amino acid in the protein sequence. Thus the “blueprint for life” consists of a 4-letter alphabet and 3-letter words. Human ...
... 2. DNA makes up genes that make up chromosomes. B. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein. A set of three nucleotide bases in the DNA sequence specify an amino acid in the protein sequence. Thus the “blueprint for life” consists of a 4-letter alphabet and 3-letter words. Human ...
Genetic Variation in Human Populations
... The data on maps 1-3 show that the distribution of three different alleles varies in human populations worldwide. Even though the FY-O allele is most frequent in a large section of Africa, the other alleles would be present. Thus, there is a wide range in the frequency of alleles in that region. Thi ...
... The data on maps 1-3 show that the distribution of three different alleles varies in human populations worldwide. Even though the FY-O allele is most frequent in a large section of Africa, the other alleles would be present. Thus, there is a wide range in the frequency of alleles in that region. Thi ...
Bot3404_11_week6.2 - Ecological Evolution – E
... understanding the evolution of adaptive traits – – Is it convergence? – Has it happened multiple times? – What is the sequence of events? ...
... understanding the evolution of adaptive traits – – Is it convergence? – Has it happened multiple times? – What is the sequence of events? ...
How Organisms Evolve - wentworth science
... outward appearances or behaviors of members of a population • But changes in phenotypes are outward expressions of changes in the gene pool • So, evolution is nothing more or less than a change in the genetic makeup of populations over ...
... outward appearances or behaviors of members of a population • But changes in phenotypes are outward expressions of changes in the gene pool • So, evolution is nothing more or less than a change in the genetic makeup of populations over ...
Association
... - The causal locus lies in a « cold » spot (« LD blocks ») - The « best » map density to be used will depend on the LD patterns of the region implications on statistical significance (multitest correction) ...
... - The causal locus lies in a « cold » spot (« LD blocks ») - The « best » map density to be used will depend on the LD patterns of the region implications on statistical significance (multitest correction) ...
File
... Only the dominant allele affects children’s phenotypic characteristics Carriers: heterozygous (have one recessive allele) can pass recessive trait to their children ...
... Only the dominant allele affects children’s phenotypic characteristics Carriers: heterozygous (have one recessive allele) can pass recessive trait to their children ...
Chapter 18 Worksheet
... Microevolution refers to the evolutionary changes within a population. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the gene pool remains constant as long as there are no mutations, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, and no selection. The reverse of these conditions causes evolution to occur ...
... Microevolution refers to the evolutionary changes within a population. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the gene pool remains constant as long as there are no mutations, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, and no selection. The reverse of these conditions causes evolution to occur ...
Chapter 3 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
... • Genes also contribute to ways in which groups differ from one another – Groups of people differ with respect to genetic similarity depending on evolutionary migration (+1) – Much current research on genetic bases for ethnic differences in disease, drug treatment, and other medical ...
... • Genes also contribute to ways in which groups differ from one another – Groups of people differ with respect to genetic similarity depending on evolutionary migration (+1) – Much current research on genetic bases for ethnic differences in disease, drug treatment, and other medical ...
Random Allelic Variation
... Coalescent Theory Predicts (in the absence of gene flow, mutation, selection) Allele or haplotype frequencies fluctuate at random but, in finite populations, one will become fixed Individual populations lose their genetic variation Initially similar populations diverge in allele frequencies by chan ...
... Coalescent Theory Predicts (in the absence of gene flow, mutation, selection) Allele or haplotype frequencies fluctuate at random but, in finite populations, one will become fixed Individual populations lose their genetic variation Initially similar populations diverge in allele frequencies by chan ...
WHY DO WE ALL LOOK SO DIFFERENT?
... 1. Describe how you are similar in appearance. 2. Describe how you differ from each other in physical appearance. ...
... 1. Describe how you are similar in appearance. 2. Describe how you differ from each other in physical appearance. ...
reading guide
... Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Galápagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the ...
... Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Galápagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the ...
Supplementary Figure Legends
... Figure S3: Relationship between gene density and median intron length, demonstrating a genome-wide inverse correlation between intron size and gene density. Gene density of a chromosome is defined as average number of genes per Mb. Extreme chromosomes are indicated. Chromosome 18 has the longest med ...
... Figure S3: Relationship between gene density and median intron length, demonstrating a genome-wide inverse correlation between intron size and gene density. Gene density of a chromosome is defined as average number of genes per Mb. Extreme chromosomes are indicated. Chromosome 18 has the longest med ...
Quantitative genetics
... Twin studies – Environmental relatedness? • Monochorionic (2/3 MZ), dichorionic (1/3 MZ, all DZ) ...
... Twin studies – Environmental relatedness? • Monochorionic (2/3 MZ), dichorionic (1/3 MZ, all DZ) ...
Evolution
... 2. Why does natural selection act on the phenotype of an organism? Why is it impossible for natural selection to act on the genotype of an organism? 7. b. Students know why alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygote and thus maintained in a gene pool. ...
... 2. Why does natural selection act on the phenotype of an organism? Why is it impossible for natural selection to act on the genotype of an organism? 7. b. Students know why alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygote and thus maintained in a gene pool. ...
Fire came with costs
... Dr Jac Aarts, molecular biologist and lead author: ‘The capacity to neutralise the adverse health effects of toxic substances is an important asset which increases ‘Darwinian’ fitness, especially through dietary flexibility, but also by improved resistance to environmental poisons. The latter has be ...
... Dr Jac Aarts, molecular biologist and lead author: ‘The capacity to neutralise the adverse health effects of toxic substances is an important asset which increases ‘Darwinian’ fitness, especially through dietary flexibility, but also by improved resistance to environmental poisons. The latter has be ...
STUDY GUIDE-5Mendelian Genetics
... b. orientation of paired homologous chromosomes c. how separation of homologous pairs produces haploid cells d. crossing over increases genetic variation e. fertilization involves fusion of gametes, increases variation, and restores diploid number of chromosomes 14.1-14.2 I can explain how segregati ...
... b. orientation of paired homologous chromosomes c. how separation of homologous pairs produces haploid cells d. crossing over increases genetic variation e. fertilization involves fusion of gametes, increases variation, and restores diploid number of chromosomes 14.1-14.2 I can explain how segregati ...
3000_2013_2b
... “How do these genes combine to determine the phenotype of an individual? The simplest model is to assume that genes act additively with each other both within and between loci, but of course they may interact to show dominance or epistasis, respectively.” – Hill et al. (2008) PLOS Genetics, showing ...
... “How do these genes combine to determine the phenotype of an individual? The simplest model is to assume that genes act additively with each other both within and between loci, but of course they may interact to show dominance or epistasis, respectively.” – Hill et al. (2008) PLOS Genetics, showing ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.