NCEA Level 2 Biology (91157) 2016
... Genetic diversity is variations in genetic make-up / genotypes / total number of genetic characteristics in a species / population / genome / gene pool OR Having many different combinations of alleles may offer a survival advantage to a species if conditions change. In small island populations, ther ...
... Genetic diversity is variations in genetic make-up / genotypes / total number of genetic characteristics in a species / population / genome / gene pool OR Having many different combinations of alleles may offer a survival advantage to a species if conditions change. In small island populations, ther ...
Natural Selection
... In addition to natural selection, chance and random events can influence the evolutionary process, especially for small populations. ...
... In addition to natural selection, chance and random events can influence the evolutionary process, especially for small populations. ...
Course Outline
... • Small effects of many individual genes add together and interact with the environment, to produce natural variation • Modern molecular quantitative genetics is focused on identifying the underlying genes and describing how variation at the DNA level translates into phenotypic variation ...
... • Small effects of many individual genes add together and interact with the environment, to produce natural variation • Modern molecular quantitative genetics is focused on identifying the underlying genes and describing how variation at the DNA level translates into phenotypic variation ...
Chapter 13
... Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genes. traits controlled by these genes do not follow the chromosomal theory of inheritance genes from mitochondria and chloroplasts are often passed to the offspring by only one parent ...
... Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genes. traits controlled by these genes do not follow the chromosomal theory of inheritance genes from mitochondria and chloroplasts are often passed to the offspring by only one parent ...
Ch. 14 - The Human Genome
... When athletes complained that these tests were degrading, the IOC at the Mexico City Olympics in 1968 introduced genetic testing in the form of a sex chromatin (Barr body) analysis of cells from a buccal smear. The procedure was further modified at the Barcelona games, using the polymerase chain rea ...
... When athletes complained that these tests were degrading, the IOC at the Mexico City Olympics in 1968 introduced genetic testing in the form of a sex chromatin (Barr body) analysis of cells from a buccal smear. The procedure was further modified at the Barcelona games, using the polymerase chain rea ...
Physical Anthropology
... We share many physical and social characteristics – this is why we look to primates for clues that may shed light on the evolution of humans and human ...
... We share many physical and social characteristics – this is why we look to primates for clues that may shed light on the evolution of humans and human ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... • Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of genes in a population due to a random occurrence. In other words, a random circumstance causes a certain genetic trait to become more common or rarer over time. Occurrences of Genetic Drift: • Genetic drift can be seen in these examples: • An explodi ...
... • Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of genes in a population due to a random occurrence. In other words, a random circumstance causes a certain genetic trait to become more common or rarer over time. Occurrences of Genetic Drift: • Genetic drift can be seen in these examples: • An explodi ...
Modern Genetics PPT
... recessive, the dominant trait will show In a male, there isn't corresponding alleles. If the X chromosome has a recessive trait, and there is no corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, then the recessive trait will show. Therefore, males have a higher tendency to show recessive sex linked trai ...
... recessive, the dominant trait will show In a male, there isn't corresponding alleles. If the X chromosome has a recessive trait, and there is no corresponding allele on the Y chromosome, then the recessive trait will show. Therefore, males have a higher tendency to show recessive sex linked trai ...
chapter three
... What are the basic workings of individual heredity, including the contributions of genes, chromosomes, the zygote, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis? Note the difference between genotype and phenotype. ...
... What are the basic workings of individual heredity, including the contributions of genes, chromosomes, the zygote, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis? Note the difference between genotype and phenotype. ...
Analyze genetic testing results to predict
... Understanding that changes in DNA lead to changes in proteins, which could produce a genetic disorder/disease. ...
... Understanding that changes in DNA lead to changes in proteins, which could produce a genetic disorder/disease. ...
PSYC 2314 Chapter 3
... when they are inherited from the mother than when they are inherited from the father. – Some of the genes that influence height, insulin production, and several forms of mental retardation affect a child in different ways— even in opposite ways—depending on which parent they came from. ...
... when they are inherited from the mother than when they are inherited from the father. – Some of the genes that influence height, insulin production, and several forms of mental retardation affect a child in different ways— even in opposite ways—depending on which parent they came from. ...
Regulatory Guidance for Genetic Testing
... • For submission of information to GWAS – Specimens and data were or will be collected in compliance with 45 CFR 46 (human subjects protection regulations) – All the information to be submitted meets the HIPAA standard for deidentification which requires minimizing risks to study participants by rem ...
... • For submission of information to GWAS – Specimens and data were or will be collected in compliance with 45 CFR 46 (human subjects protection regulations) – All the information to be submitted meets the HIPAA standard for deidentification which requires minimizing risks to study participants by rem ...
Genetic Drift Activity:
... 3. Carefully tear one corner off the bag and WITHOUT LOOKING remove 6 M&M’s and place them on the paper towel; this represents the genetic drift population. Record all the necessary information for the genetic drift population. 4. Only after you have recorded all the info for the genetic drift popul ...
... 3. Carefully tear one corner off the bag and WITHOUT LOOKING remove 6 M&M’s and place them on the paper towel; this represents the genetic drift population. Record all the necessary information for the genetic drift population. 4. Only after you have recorded all the info for the genetic drift popul ...
Chapter 3: Genetic Bases of Child Development
... Genotype: the Human Genome project sequenced the base pairs (the DNA code) on all 23 chromosomes in 2003. ...
... Genotype: the Human Genome project sequenced the base pairs (the DNA code) on all 23 chromosomes in 2003. ...
14.2_219-221
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
013368718X_CH14_213
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
14.2 Study Workbook
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
... B. Cystic fibrosis only occurs in males, so females are unaffected. C. They make enough of a particular protein to allow their cells to work ...
Activists Call For A Treaty to Share the Genetic Commons
... arrangements and consultative initiatives based on the principle of selling prospecting rights to genetic information and extending intellectual property protection to life are unacceptable mechanisms for governing the gene pool." Vandana Shiva of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and ...
... arrangements and consultative initiatives based on the principle of selling prospecting rights to genetic information and extending intellectual property protection to life are unacceptable mechanisms for governing the gene pool." Vandana Shiva of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and ...
Evolution
... Mutations – change in DNA sequencing Gene shuffling – different combinations of ...
... Mutations – change in DNA sequencing Gene shuffling – different combinations of ...
BioFlix Study Sheet for Mechanisms of Evolution
... C. natural selection. D. genetic variation. E. has more effect in large populations than in small populations. ____2. If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles, A. the frequency of the green allele will increase. B. the frequency of ...
... C. natural selection. D. genetic variation. E. has more effect in large populations than in small populations. ____2. If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles, A. the frequency of the green allele will increase. B. the frequency of ...
Types of Quantitative Characteristics
... Continuously and Many Are Influenced by Alleles at Multiple Loci • The Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype • For continuous characteristics: several different genotypes produce same phenotype. ...
... Continuously and Many Are Influenced by Alleles at Multiple Loci • The Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype • For continuous characteristics: several different genotypes produce same phenotype. ...
Variation in Natural Populations
... Measures of Genetic Diversity A genetic locus is said to be polymorphic if that locus has more than one allele occurring at a frequency greater than 5% (for example: if for gene A, f(A) = 0.06, f(a) = 0.94 Heterozygosity: the fraction of individuals in a population that are heterozygotes ...
... Measures of Genetic Diversity A genetic locus is said to be polymorphic if that locus has more than one allele occurring at a frequency greater than 5% (for example: if for gene A, f(A) = 0.06, f(a) = 0.94 Heterozygosity: the fraction of individuals in a population that are heterozygotes ...
Genetic Drift Activity:
... 3. Carefully tear one corner off the bag and WITHOUT LOOKING remove 6 M&M’s and place them on the paper towel; this represents the genetic drift population. Record all the necessary information for the genetic drift population. 4. Only after you have recorded all the info for the genetic drift popul ...
... 3. Carefully tear one corner off the bag and WITHOUT LOOKING remove 6 M&M’s and place them on the paper towel; this represents the genetic drift population. Record all the necessary information for the genetic drift population. 4. Only after you have recorded all the info for the genetic drift popul ...
Chapter 10
... Evolutionary substitutions at the molecular level proceed at a roughly constant rate, So that the degree of sequence difference between species can serve as a molecular clock It is possible to determine the divergence time of species. ...
... Evolutionary substitutions at the molecular level proceed at a roughly constant rate, So that the degree of sequence difference between species can serve as a molecular clock It is possible to determine the divergence time of species. ...
Microevolution 2
... - the frequency of q has thus increased in one generation to 0.500005. - at this rate it would take about 70,000 to get the frequency to 0.75, and another 70,000 years to get the frequency to 0.875. - thus, the rate of change due to mutation pressure is exceedingly small. - despite this fact, mutati ...
... - the frequency of q has thus increased in one generation to 0.500005. - at this rate it would take about 70,000 to get the frequency to 0.75, and another 70,000 years to get the frequency to 0.875. - thus, the rate of change due to mutation pressure is exceedingly small. - despite this fact, mutati ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.