Zusammenfassung EN
... Barbara Prainsack (in collaboration with Lea Lahnstein and Klaus Kassai) October 2010 ...
... Barbara Prainsack (in collaboration with Lea Lahnstein and Klaus Kassai) October 2010 ...
evolution
... that’s all that natural selection cares about. For instance, even if two alleles at the same locus are both unfit in some absolute sense, the fitter of the two will still increase in frequency at the expense of the other. If a species survives and reproduces well in some absolute sense, it will be e ...
... that’s all that natural selection cares about. For instance, even if two alleles at the same locus are both unfit in some absolute sense, the fitter of the two will still increase in frequency at the expense of the other. If a species survives and reproduces well in some absolute sense, it will be e ...
Biology
... Crossing over, jumping genes, deletion and duplication of genes results in genetic variations---Chapter 12-4 How mutations can alter genetic information and the possible consequences ...
... Crossing over, jumping genes, deletion and duplication of genes results in genetic variations---Chapter 12-4 How mutations can alter genetic information and the possible consequences ...
The Get Out of Jail Free Gene
... ethnic groups, it is not far-fetched to think that a judge might take ethnicity into account when sentencing. Some believe that the link between antisocial behaviour and genes is so strong that genetic information should be accorded the same status as mental illness or an abusive childhood in decidi ...
... ethnic groups, it is not far-fetched to think that a judge might take ethnicity into account when sentencing. Some believe that the link between antisocial behaviour and genes is so strong that genetic information should be accorded the same status as mental illness or an abusive childhood in decidi ...
Maintaining and Improving Breeds
... Dog breeds develop through artificial selection for desired phenotypes – what you can see in the dogs. These can include conformation, behavior, working ability and health. Most breeds originally started from either a small population of related founders, or as a population of unrelate ...
... Dog breeds develop through artificial selection for desired phenotypes – what you can see in the dogs. These can include conformation, behavior, working ability and health. Most breeds originally started from either a small population of related founders, or as a population of unrelate ...
4.2 Probability and Heredity
... Mendel was the first scientist to recognize that the principles of probability can be used to predict the results of genetic crosses. Punnett Squares o Tools used to help understand how the laws of probability apply to genetics o Chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can ...
... Mendel was the first scientist to recognize that the principles of probability can be used to predict the results of genetic crosses. Punnett Squares o Tools used to help understand how the laws of probability apply to genetics o Chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can ...
Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics
... polymorphism in a single protein enabled the first molecular evidence of genetic variation. In the 1980s, the advent of DNA sequencing revealed that the amount of genetic variation at a single locus was far greater than expected. Since 2000, the expansion of DNA sequencing to encompass whole genomes ...
... polymorphism in a single protein enabled the first molecular evidence of genetic variation. In the 1980s, the advent of DNA sequencing revealed that the amount of genetic variation at a single locus was far greater than expected. Since 2000, the expansion of DNA sequencing to encompass whole genomes ...
Population genetics
... A well documented example is found in the Amish migration to Pennsylvania in 1744. Two members of the new colony shared the recessive allele for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Members of the colony and their descendants tent to be religious isolated and remain relative insular. As a result of many gene ...
... A well documented example is found in the Amish migration to Pennsylvania in 1744. Two members of the new colony shared the recessive allele for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Members of the colony and their descendants tent to be religious isolated and remain relative insular. As a result of many gene ...
1 From Lewontin, The Triple Helix IV. Directions in the Study of
... conditions of laboratory culture, or at least under an easily reproducible condition. Rank 2 and Rank 3 mutations, in contrast, appear in only some fraction of those individuals that carry the mutant genotype, and vary widely in the intensity of their expression from individual to individual even in ...
... conditions of laboratory culture, or at least under an easily reproducible condition. Rank 2 and Rank 3 mutations, in contrast, appear in only some fraction of those individuals that carry the mutant genotype, and vary widely in the intensity of their expression from individual to individual even in ...
Document
... Chi square computation for a monohybrid ratio Example: Number of kernel rows (Vrs-1/vrs-1) in barley (Hordeum vulgare). For simplicity, vrs-1 is abbreviated as "v" in the following table. Hypothesis is 1:1 (expectation for 2 alleles at 1 locus in a doubled haploid population). The data are for a S ...
... Chi square computation for a monohybrid ratio Example: Number of kernel rows (Vrs-1/vrs-1) in barley (Hordeum vulgare). For simplicity, vrs-1 is abbreviated as "v" in the following table. Hypothesis is 1:1 (expectation for 2 alleles at 1 locus in a doubled haploid population). The data are for a S ...
C) Geographic Isolation
... • 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kin ...
... • 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would look similar to a graph showing which kin ...
Angel fact sheet art - angels
... Cystic fibrosis, a disease that most commonly affects breathing and digestion, is an example. If both parents are carriers of this gene, there is a 1 in 4 chance for the baby to develop cystic fibrosis. There is no cure for cystic fibrosis. You could carry cystic fibrosis with no family history and ...
... Cystic fibrosis, a disease that most commonly affects breathing and digestion, is an example. If both parents are carriers of this gene, there is a 1 in 4 chance for the baby to develop cystic fibrosis. There is no cure for cystic fibrosis. You could carry cystic fibrosis with no family history and ...
review - reestheskin
... Table 2. Glossary of some of the terms and concepts used in population genetics Extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH): A combined measure of the associated homozygosity plus the physical extent of a window of linkage disequilibrium, judged against typical patterns of linkage disequilibrium produced ...
... Table 2. Glossary of some of the terms and concepts used in population genetics Extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH): A combined measure of the associated homozygosity plus the physical extent of a window of linkage disequilibrium, judged against typical patterns of linkage disequilibrium produced ...
CHAPTER 25
... This may make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: ...
... This may make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: ...
Lab #8 Pop genetics
... – low oxygen levels causes RBC to sickle • breakdown of RBC • clogging small blood vessels • damage to organs ...
... – low oxygen levels causes RBC to sickle • breakdown of RBC • clogging small blood vessels • damage to organs ...
Lesson Overview
... Disruptive selection occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. For example, in an area where medium-sized seeds are less common, birds with unusually small or large beaks would have higher fitness. Therefore, the population ...
... Disruptive selection occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. For example, in an area where medium-sized seeds are less common, birds with unusually small or large beaks would have higher fitness. Therefore, the population ...
GENETIC COUNSELING
... • The Human Genome Project has revealed the sequence of all the base pairs in the human genome. • DNA chips (DNA microarrays) contain the entire human genome and can be used to create a genetic profile of an individual. • Genetic profiles will lead to better preventive care, drug therapies, and gene ...
... • The Human Genome Project has revealed the sequence of all the base pairs in the human genome. • DNA chips (DNA microarrays) contain the entire human genome and can be used to create a genetic profile of an individual. • Genetic profiles will lead to better preventive care, drug therapies, and gene ...
Learning Grid Cellular control
... during metaphase II also increase genetic variation. Other events, which cause genetic variation are: __________ due to the huge numbers of sperm each with different DNA and mutation, and this __________ will be present in every cell in the organism if it occurs in the sperm or egg. ...
... during metaphase II also increase genetic variation. Other events, which cause genetic variation are: __________ due to the huge numbers of sperm each with different DNA and mutation, and this __________ will be present in every cell in the organism if it occurs in the sperm or egg. ...
Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: A gene pool is all of the genes
... make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: When two ...
... make it more difficult for the species to respond in a positive way to changes in the environment. Species that are approaching extinction also face a bottleneck as their numbers decrease. The loss of genetic diversity may make it even more difficult for the species to rebound. C21. Answer: When two ...
Blue Box PowerPoint Presentation Template
... chromosome whose inheritance can be followed • DNA segments near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together ...
... chromosome whose inheritance can be followed • DNA segments near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together ...
flipperiuabstract
... Flipper is a set of programs for mapping genetic markers and for simulating mapping experiments. This first release is intended for three kinds of mapping experiments: deletion, backcross, and recombinant inbred. The latter can be any generation from F2 onward. The mapper can process any experiment ...
... Flipper is a set of programs for mapping genetic markers and for simulating mapping experiments. This first release is intended for three kinds of mapping experiments: deletion, backcross, and recombinant inbred. The latter can be any generation from F2 onward. The mapper can process any experiment ...
Document
... Main idea: if affected siblings share more IBD alleles at some marker locus than randomly expected among siblings, then that locus might be near a locus of a predisposing gene. The idea is that any two siblings are expected to have one allele IBD by chance. When a deviation of this pattern is dete ...
... Main idea: if affected siblings share more IBD alleles at some marker locus than randomly expected among siblings, then that locus might be near a locus of a predisposing gene. The idea is that any two siblings are expected to have one allele IBD by chance. When a deviation of this pattern is dete ...
Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Chapter 3-2 (obj 6-11)
... genes that put people at risk for disorders. With this kind of knowledge, parents can decide to abort pregnancies in which the fetus is suspected of having such disorders. ...
... genes that put people at risk for disorders. With this kind of knowledge, parents can decide to abort pregnancies in which the fetus is suspected of having such disorders. ...
ECE/PSY171 Chapter 2 Biological Beginnings WHAT IS THE
... are inherited from the mother or the father; a chemical process “silences” one member of the gene pair. Polygenic inheritance—Most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many genes. Polygenic means more than one gene. The term gene-gene interaction is increasingly used to describe stud ...
... are inherited from the mother or the father; a chemical process “silences” one member of the gene pair. Polygenic inheritance—Most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many genes. Polygenic means more than one gene. The term gene-gene interaction is increasingly used to describe stud ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.