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BIOL 3300
BIOL 3300

... The nature of the gene: muton, recon, and cistron. Cis-trans test and complementation. Intragenic recombination. What is a gene? Chromosomal aberrations in Eukaryotes: deletions, duplications, inversions and translocations. Lecture exams ...
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Genetic and epigenetic dissection of cis regulatory

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Evolutionary Analysis 4/e
Evolutionary Analysis 4/e

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Molecular III - Gene regulatory networks (ppt6)

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Facts and Observations in Relation to the X
Facts and Observations in Relation to the X

... Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is the tendency of SNPs or markers proximal to each other to “ride together” avoiding recombination. If separated by only a few thousand bp it is highly likely that two markers will stay together during recombination when large blocks of each arm of the X exchange genetic ...
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... - Explain how genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and natural selection can cause microevolution. - Explain the role of population size in genetic drift. Distinguish between the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. - Describe how inbreeding and assortative mating affect a population's allele fr ...
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Lesson 4: Genetic Engineering Worksheet

... 4. Completion of the “Horse and Foal” worksheet C. Discussion 1. Question: What is genetic engineering? Answer: Also called recombinant DNA technology or gene manipulation. Two major techniques in genetic engineering; 1) genes are engineered into organisms such as microbes (bacteria) for mass-produc ...
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41. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not

... determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive. c. identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms. d. compare the phenotypes of different organisms. A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT a. the genotypes of the offspring. b ...
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slides for lecture 11-13

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Respect For Persons As A Guide To Genetic Enhancement

... .his life in fear and unhappiness, not knowing when it will become active? It is possible that foreknowledge of your condition will be helpful in determining treatment or prevention? And fmally, what if the condition is untreatable? Tensions arise when we are faced with difficult questions such as t ...
File
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... society the rich will have first access to it, and it may rarely reach the lower poor classes. However creating perfect offspring is not the only way technology will impact our lives, soon scientists predict we will be able to regenerate our own organs. Technology has come a long way since the very ...
Dow, Graham: The limitation of genome wide association studies
Dow, Graham: The limitation of genome wide association studies

... variants
 that
 are
 commonplace
 are
 the
 result
 of
 mutations
 that
 took
 place
 many
 generations
 ago,
 and
 spread
 throughout
 human
 genealogy
 either
 through
 genetic
 drift
 or
 selection.
 
 Rare
 SNPs,
 on
 the
 other
 hand,
 have
 arisen
 from
 recent
 mutations,
 even
 some
 within ...
Final Genetic Problems for IBO 2014 PART I In Drosophila
Final Genetic Problems for IBO 2014 PART I In Drosophila

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ppt
ppt

... population was small, she had 10 children who survived and reproduced. Folks with HC now trace their ancestry to this lineage. ...
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Human genetic variation



Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.
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