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Astronomy-Earth notes
Astronomy-Earth notes

... • Earth’s _________________ is the imaginary vertical line around which Earth spins. This line cuts directly through the center of Earth. ...
Earth & Moon Review
Earth & Moon Review

Laureate 2016 Bios*Professor Peter Cawood
Laureate 2016 Bios*Professor Peter Cawood

... term development of the Earth system. The continental crust hosts the resources on which we depend and its evolution controls the environment in which we live. The crust’s record (including resources) is episodic in space and time, but the origin of this periodicity is unresolved. Building on recent ...
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- Potentials - Liénard-Wiechart Potentials

Attention Graduate Students Introduction to Plasma Physics Physics
Attention Graduate Students Introduction to Plasma Physics Physics

The Sun * El Sol * Die Sonne
The Sun * El Sol * Die Sonne

Layers of the Earth
Layers of the Earth

... The crust – the outermost layer of the Earth, comprised of 2 types of crust - continental and oceanic. The crust has a variable thickness, being 35-70 km thick in the continents and 5-10 km thick in the ocean basins. Continental crust has a varying thickness, being thickest at mountain chains, and a ...
Layers of The Earth
Layers of The Earth

GENERAL MAGNET CHARACTERISTICS (physics 2)
GENERAL MAGNET CHARACTERISTICS (physics 2)

... A steel nail is brought near a small bar magnet. Steel is a ferromagnetic material. Draw the magnetic field that exists in the region between them. ...
GENERAL MAGNET CHARACTERISTICS (physics 2)
GENERAL MAGNET CHARACTERISTICS (physics 2)

File
File

Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4

Questions For Review KEY
Questions For Review KEY

... 11. Why is it not possible to determine the age of the earth directly using radiometric methods? On what basis is its age estimated? • The earth is such an active planet that its rocks constantly being reworked and changed through the Rock Cycle so we have no rocks preserved unaltered from the time ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

Space - Science Museum
Space - Science Museum

HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.
HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.

... Traps particles from the solar wind in regions Producing Van Allen Belts ...
HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.
HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.

... Traps particles from the solar wind in regions Producing Van Allen Belts ...
Chapter 4 Notes
Chapter 4 Notes

HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.
HNRS 228 Astrobiology Chap.4 Geology Bennett et al.

Book N Chapter 1 Study Guide 1. Magnet: Material with atomic
Book N Chapter 1 Study Guide 1. Magnet: Material with atomic

... 9. Permanent magnet: A magnet that remains magnetic forever unless it is either melted or split apart. 10. Compass: An instrument used for navigation with a magnetized needle that always points north. 11. Magnetic Declination: The angle between magnetic North and geographic North. This can change ov ...
Chapter 7: An Extraordinary Beginning: The Hadean and Archean
Chapter 7: An Extraordinary Beginning: The Hadean and Archean

... mostly of silicate minerals and metals, so are much denser o The outer or Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are composed of gas and are larger than the terrestrial planets  As the planets were coalescing, so was the sun o It reached the temperatures and pressures at which hydrog ...
Study Guide Key-Layers of the Earth Continental Drift
Study Guide Key-Layers of the Earth Continental Drift

magnetic fields - King`s Senior Science
magnetic fields - King`s Senior Science

... superficial. The magnetic field of a bar magnet, or any other type of permanent magnet, is created by the coordinated spins of electrons and nuclei within iron atoms. The Earth's core, however, is hotter than 1043 K, the Curie point temperature at which the orientations of spins within iron become r ...
Lab #2 Notes - Earth Science - UC Santa Barbara
Lab #2 Notes - Earth Science - UC Santa Barbara

Poster
Poster

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Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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