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Quantum Locking
Quantum Locking

... superconductor is pinned in space above a magnet. At higher temperatures the superconductor allows magnetic flux to enter in quantized packets through points in the magnet known as flux tubes, but at extremely low temperatures these flux tubes are locked into place to conserve energy causing Quantum ...
Correlation between the Earth`s Magnetic Field and the Gravitational
Correlation between the Earth`s Magnetic Field and the Gravitational

... expressed by 2 R = rinnercore k . The temperature of the inner core can be estimated by considering both the theoretical and the experimentally demonstrated constraints on the melting temperature of impure iron at the pressure which iron is under at the boundary of the inner core (~330 GPa). These c ...
L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]
L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]

... The earth is a big magnet • The earth’s north geographic pole is the south pole of a big magnet. • A compass needle is attracted to the earth’s north geographic pole • The earth’s magnetism is due to currents flowing in The magnetic north pole is its molten core (not entirely inclined about 14° fro ...
So… how do we go deeper? So, the question is, how on Earth do
So… how do we go deeper? So, the question is, how on Earth do

docx: Geo Magnetic Journal
docx: Geo Magnetic Journal

... 9. What analogy can you make between the magnet you created and the Earth’s magnetic field? In other words, draw connections between features of your magnet and the features of the Earth’s magnetic field. ...
L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]
L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]

... The earth is a big magnet • The earth’s north geographic pole is the south pole of a big magnet. • A compass needle is attracted to the earth’s north geographic pole • The earth’s magnetism is due to currents flowing in The magnetic north pole is its molten core (not entirely inclined about 14° fro ...
Electromagnetic Spectrum - MIT Haystack Observatory
Electromagnetic Spectrum - MIT Haystack Observatory

4. The States of Matter
4. The States of Matter

Earth/Space Review Answers
Earth/Space Review Answers

Colonizing Jupiter`s Moons: An Assessment of Our Options and
Colonizing Jupiter`s Moons: An Assessment of Our Options and

... [20]. The CO2 component of Callisto’s atmosphere was first detected by the Galileo mission’s imaging spectrometer, NIMS, but recent modeling suggests an even more robust atmosphere. Interaction between a more substantial ionosphere and Jupiter’s magnetosphere reduces electron impact, and the relativ ...
Earth`s Layers Review
Earth`s Layers Review

Sea Floor Spreading
Sea Floor Spreading

The Ionosphere - Stanford Solar Center
The Ionosphere - Stanford Solar Center

... thermospheric winds; they can push the ionosphere along the inclined magnetic field lines to a different altitude. The ionosphere also responds to the composition of the thermosphere, which affects the rate that ions and electrons recombine. During a geomagnetic storm, the energy input at high latit ...
Earth
Earth

... It usually consists of many greenish rays, forming long arcs and curtains, which stretch like ribbons across the sky. Most of the Northern Lights are green, but sometimes they have blue-green tinges or a mixture of green and yellow. Red Northern Lights are extremely rare. An even rarer occurrence is ...
Toward Understanding the Sun`s Magnetic Field Topologies
Toward Understanding the Sun`s Magnetic Field Topologies

... For intranetwork field at ~20 Mx/cm2, approximately 1070% of the network flux that reaches into the corona may be rooted in the intranetwork field. Results for mixed-polarity network are very similar. ...
ARTEMIS writeup
ARTEMIS writeup

The Universe: Secrets of the Sun (History Channel production)
The Universe: Secrets of the Sun (History Channel production)

... 5. The fusion of two hydrogen atoms produces helium particles with extra mass; this mass is given off as __________________________. 6. Particles of light and heat are called _________________________; once they leave the Sun’s surface they take ________________ to reach Earth. 7. The Sun originated ...
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY

... Plasma: 【プラズマ】Plasma is a state where atoms are ionized into positive ions and negative electrons when a gas is heated. Because plasma is highly electrically conductive, it strongly interacts with electric and magnetic fields. In the solar atmosphere, most of the gasses are in the plasma state. Sola ...
Solar Interior 2 (Petrie)
Solar Interior 2 (Petrie)

Document
Document

- Synchrotron emission: A brief history - Examples
- Synchrotron emission: A brief history - Examples

Magnetic Storms Video Note Skeleton
Magnetic Storms Video Note Skeleton

... Scientists found more and more reversals, On average 1 reversal every 200 thous years. Whenever the earth’s magnet field reversed direction, the magnetic intensity was very weak. Beneath the south atlantic, Jeremy has found clear evidence for a region of magnetic anomalies places where the field has ...
Eric Tener - FSU High Energy Physics
Eric Tener - FSU High Energy Physics

मराठ% &व( सा+ह-य-&व(: /डस1बर २००९ – जानेवार7 २०१०                          :ैमा<सक वष? २१ वे अंक Cतसरा 
मराठ% &व( सा+ह-य-&व(: /डस1बर २००९ – जानेवार7 २०१०                          :ैमा<सक वष? २१ वे अंक Cतसरा 

Paleomagnetism - Italo Bovolenta Editore
Paleomagnetism - Italo Bovolenta Editore

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Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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