Contents and Concepts Learning Objectives
... phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, which has a Ksp of 1.0 × 10−26. A sample of urine contains 1.0 × 10−3 M Ca2+ and 1.0 × 10−8 M PO43− ion. • Calculate Qc and predict whether Ca3(PO4)2 will precipitate. ...
... phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, which has a Ksp of 1.0 × 10−26. A sample of urine contains 1.0 × 10−3 M Ca2+ and 1.0 × 10−8 M PO43− ion. • Calculate Qc and predict whether Ca3(PO4)2 will precipitate. ...
Chap18 - Bakersfield College
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
Geochemical weathering at the bed of Haut Glacier d`Arolla
... chemical composition of the components therefore is lost. Glacier hydrochemistry cannot easily be used to reconstruct the more complex aspects of subglacial drainage systems that have been revealed by recent borehole investigations (Fountain, 1994; Hubbard et al., 1995; Gordon et al., 1998) and the ...
... chemical composition of the components therefore is lost. Glacier hydrochemistry cannot easily be used to reconstruct the more complex aspects of subglacial drainage systems that have been revealed by recent borehole investigations (Fountain, 1994; Hubbard et al., 1995; Gordon et al., 1998) and the ...
kinetic characterisation of catalysts for methanol synthesis
... conditions very well, so it can be used to compare the activity of the four investigated catalysts at selected temperatures, pressures and gas composition in the range of their values studied in this work. Figure 2 shows the change in the formation rate of methanol as a function of temperature for f ...
... conditions very well, so it can be used to compare the activity of the four investigated catalysts at selected temperatures, pressures and gas composition in the range of their values studied in this work. Figure 2 shows the change in the formation rate of methanol as a function of temperature for f ...
A Model For the Calculation of Solvent ... Reaction Rates for Process Design Purposes
... solvents be chosen with respect not only to their effectiveness in their respective process tasks but also for process-wide requirements such as their ease of recovery, low toxicity and environmental impact and possible applicability to other process tasks. Although there are models for the evaluati ...
... solvents be chosen with respect not only to their effectiveness in their respective process tasks but also for process-wide requirements such as their ease of recovery, low toxicity and environmental impact and possible applicability to other process tasks. Although there are models for the evaluati ...
Contents and Concepts Learning Objectives
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
Proton Transfers at the Air
... 1. How do anions mediate proton transfers at the air-water interface? 2. What is the basis for the negative surface potential at the air-water interface? 3. What is the mechanism for catalysis ‘on-water’? In addition to our experiments with the ESIMS, we applied quantum mechanics and molecular dynam ...
... 1. How do anions mediate proton transfers at the air-water interface? 2. What is the basis for the negative surface potential at the air-water interface? 3. What is the mechanism for catalysis ‘on-water’? In addition to our experiments with the ESIMS, we applied quantum mechanics and molecular dynam ...
Solubility and Complex-ion Equilibria
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
mod-5-revision-guide-4-transition-metals
... Some metals e.g. W have too strong adsorption and so the products cannot be released. Some metals e.g. Ag have too weak adsorption, and the reactants do not adsorb in high enough concentration. Ni and Pt have about the right strength and are most useful as catalysts. Surface area: Increasing the sur ...
... Some metals e.g. W have too strong adsorption and so the products cannot be released. Some metals e.g. Ag have too weak adsorption, and the reactants do not adsorb in high enough concentration. Ni and Pt have about the right strength and are most useful as catalysts. Surface area: Increasing the sur ...
Solubility and Complex-ion Equilibria
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
... • In general, the solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium of a slightly soluble (or nearly insoluble) ionic compound. – It equals the product of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions in the compound. – Each concentration is raised to a power equal ...
Contents and Concepts Learning Objectives
... two or more ions from a solution by adding a reactant that precipitates first one ion, then another ion, and so forth. • The solubility of an insoluble salt can be manipulated by adding a species that reacts with either the cation or the anion. • Effect of pH on Solubility • When a salt contains the ...
... two or more ions from a solution by adding a reactant that precipitates first one ion, then another ion, and so forth. • The solubility of an insoluble salt can be manipulated by adding a species that reacts with either the cation or the anion. • Effect of pH on Solubility • When a salt contains the ...
Document
... When Keq is large, the numerator of the equilibrium constant expression is larger than the denominator. Thus, the concentrations of the products will usually be greater than those of the reactants. In other words, when a reaction that has a large Keq reaches equilibrium, the system’s contents may be ...
... When Keq is large, the numerator of the equilibrium constant expression is larger than the denominator. Thus, the concentrations of the products will usually be greater than those of the reactants. In other words, when a reaction that has a large Keq reaches equilibrium, the system’s contents may be ...
REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
... Water is a very effective solvent for ionic compounds. Although H2O is an electrically neutral molecule, the O atom is rich in electrons and has a partial negative charge, denoted by d- . Each H atom has a partial positive charge, denoted by d+ . Cations are attracted by the negative end of H2O, and ...
... Water is a very effective solvent for ionic compounds. Although H2O is an electrically neutral molecule, the O atom is rich in electrons and has a partial negative charge, denoted by d- . Each H atom has a partial positive charge, denoted by d+ . Cations are attracted by the negative end of H2O, and ...
KCl + O KClO 3 → However, this equation is not balanced, since
... Writing a balanced chemical equation: In order to write a chemical equation, it is essential to know what substances are reacting and what substances are formed. It is only through experiment that a knowledge of what occurs can be discovered ─ either your experiment or the experiments of others (whi ...
... Writing a balanced chemical equation: In order to write a chemical equation, it is essential to know what substances are reacting and what substances are formed. It is only through experiment that a knowledge of what occurs can be discovered ─ either your experiment or the experiments of others (whi ...
1412_lecture_ch16 Fall_2014
... The importance of the Ksp becomes apparent when you consider the solubility of one salt in the solution of another having the same cation. ...
... The importance of the Ksp becomes apparent when you consider the solubility of one salt in the solution of another having the same cation. ...
Figure 2 - Universität Düsseldorf
... vessels. If tritium is used to fuel the reactor, this co-deposition can quickly lead to an inacceptable high tritium inventory. Through co-deposition with carbon about 10% of the tritium injected into the reactor can be trapped. Even with other wall materials co-deposition can be significant. A meth ...
... vessels. If tritium is used to fuel the reactor, this co-deposition can quickly lead to an inacceptable high tritium inventory. Through co-deposition with carbon about 10% of the tritium injected into the reactor can be trapped. Even with other wall materials co-deposition can be significant. A meth ...
Ch. 12 Stoichiometry
... / Most important info from equation Mass: Obeys law of conservation of mass ...
... / Most important info from equation Mass: Obeys law of conservation of mass ...
Overview of Reference Electrodes and Alternative
... For an electrode reaction to occur within an electrochemical cell, there must be at least two electrodes; the working electrode facilitates electron transfer to the analyte of interest while the counter electrode maintains electroneutrality by participating in a reaction of opposite sign. Though it ...
... For an electrode reaction to occur within an electrochemical cell, there must be at least two electrodes; the working electrode facilitates electron transfer to the analyte of interest while the counter electrode maintains electroneutrality by participating in a reaction of opposite sign. Though it ...
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics II
... A property is a macroscopic characteristic of a system such as pressure, temperature, volume, and mass. At a given state each property has a definite value independent of how the system arrived at that state. The properties of air in state 1 shown in Figure 1.1 are: pressure at 1 atm, temperature at ...
... A property is a macroscopic characteristic of a system such as pressure, temperature, volume, and mass. At a given state each property has a definite value independent of how the system arrived at that state. The properties of air in state 1 shown in Figure 1.1 are: pressure at 1 atm, temperature at ...
Abstract - ASU Physics
... young age. His parents claim that he was a handful and always getting into trouble. The problem, however, was that he rarely got punished because he could always end up making his mother laugh. This gift of his was and still is the core of his personality. As a child, the author moved several times ...
... young age. His parents claim that he was a handful and always getting into trouble. The problem, however, was that he rarely got punished because he could always end up making his mother laugh. This gift of his was and still is the core of his personality. As a child, the author moved several times ...
(K c ) [A] - Knockhardy
... • divide moles by volume (in dm3) to get the equilibrium concentrations in mol dm-3 (If no volume is quoted, use a V; it will probably cancel out) • from the equation constructed in the first step, write out an expression for Kc. • substitute values from third step and calculate the value of Kc with ...
... • divide moles by volume (in dm3) to get the equilibrium concentrations in mol dm-3 (If no volume is quoted, use a V; it will probably cancel out) • from the equation constructed in the first step, write out an expression for Kc. • substitute values from third step and calculate the value of Kc with ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... Analyze: We are asked to associate the charged spheres in the diagram with ions present in a solution of an ionic substance. Plan: We examine the ionic substances given in the problem to determine the relative numbers and charges of the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic ...
... Analyze: We are asked to associate the charged spheres in the diagram with ions present in a solution of an ionic substance. Plan: We examine the ionic substances given in the problem to determine the relative numbers and charges of the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic ...
Computational Redox Potential Predictions Applications to Inorganic
... After the reduction process, either by the redox-active mineral surface, or by any organic reductants, for example quinones, or radicals, for example OH radicals, the actinyl(V) reduced species is formed, which is unstable with respect to disproportionation in aqueous environment. This disproportion ...
... After the reduction process, either by the redox-active mineral surface, or by any organic reductants, for example quinones, or radicals, for example OH radicals, the actinyl(V) reduced species is formed, which is unstable with respect to disproportionation in aqueous environment. This disproportion ...
Fundamentals
... Write a full, balanced equation for the reaction, showing the ions present in the reactants and products. Identify any non-ionic substances and include state symbols in the equation. Cross out the spectator ions that appear on both sides of the equation and so do not take part in the reaction. Solut ...
... Write a full, balanced equation for the reaction, showing the ions present in the reactants and products. Identify any non-ionic substances and include state symbols in the equation. Cross out the spectator ions that appear on both sides of the equation and so do not take part in the reaction. Solut ...
Sample Exercise 15.1 Writing Equilibrium
... Sample Exercise 15.9 Calculating K from Initial and Equilibrium Concentrations Continued Finally, we use the equilibrium-constant expression to calculate the equilibrium constant: Comment The same method can be applied to gaseous equilibrium problems to calculate Kp, in which case partial pressures ...
... Sample Exercise 15.9 Calculating K from Initial and Equilibrium Concentrations Continued Finally, we use the equilibrium-constant expression to calculate the equilibrium constant: Comment The same method can be applied to gaseous equilibrium problems to calculate Kp, in which case partial pressures ...
Double layer forces
Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrical surface potential). For two similarly charged objects, this force is repulsive and decays exponentially at larger distances, see figure. For unequally charged objects and eventually at shorted distances, these forces may also be attractive. The theory due to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) combines such double layer forces together with Van der Waals forces in order to estimate the actual interaction potential between colloidal particles.An electrical double layer develops near charged surfaces (or another charged objects) in aqueous solutions. Within this double layer, the first layer corresponds to the charged surface. These charges may originate from tightly adsorbed ions, dissociated surface groups, or substituted ions within the crystal lattice. The second layer corresponds to the diffuse layer, which contains the neutralizing charge consisting of accumulated counterions and depleted coions. The resulting potential profile between these two objects leads to differences in the ionic concentrations within the gap between these objects with respect to the bulk solution. These differences generate an osmotic pressure, which generates a force between these objects.These forces are easily experienced when hands are washed with soap. Adsorbing soap molecules make the skin negatively charged, and the slippery feeling is caused by the strongly repulsive double layer forces. These forces are further relevant in many colloidal or biological systems, and may be responsible for their stability, formation of colloidal crystals, or their rheological properties.