IL-2 regulates SEB induced toxic shock syndrome in BALB/c mice
... group of proteins (S aureus toxins in the case of TSS) that are able to activate the immune system by bypassing certain steps in the usual antigen-mediated immune response sequence [1]. Superantigens are not processed within the antigen-presenting cell before being presented to T cells [2], instead, ...
... group of proteins (S aureus toxins in the case of TSS) that are able to activate the immune system by bypassing certain steps in the usual antigen-mediated immune response sequence [1]. Superantigens are not processed within the antigen-presenting cell before being presented to T cells [2], instead, ...
Structural, functional and molecular analysis of the effects of aging in
... immune system [1,2]. The colon is also host to a broad variety of microorganisms that not only are responsible for the fermentation of undigested nutrients and the synthesis of essential vitamins, but also play a crucial role in the establishment of a proper immune system in postnatal life [1]. Rece ...
... immune system [1,2]. The colon is also host to a broad variety of microorganisms that not only are responsible for the fermentation of undigested nutrients and the synthesis of essential vitamins, but also play a crucial role in the establishment of a proper immune system in postnatal life [1]. Rece ...
Cannabidiol lowers incidence of diabetes in non - Alpha-CAT
... overt diabetes at a median of 14 weeks, therefore, CBD treatments were administered to mice that were up to 12 weeks of age. All mice were normoglycemic at the time of initiation of experiments. Female NOD mice 6– 12 weeks of age were treated with 10– 20 i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg CBD. There was no ...
... overt diabetes at a median of 14 weeks, therefore, CBD treatments were administered to mice that were up to 12 weeks of age. All mice were normoglycemic at the time of initiation of experiments. Female NOD mice 6– 12 weeks of age were treated with 10– 20 i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg CBD. There was no ...
Intravenous administration of AAV2/9 to the fetal and
... vector. Injections at later time points during gestation, although feasible, were not conducted because of the increased risk of preterm labor and subsequent cannibalization. Neonates at 1 day postgestation (P1) were subject to hypothermic anesthesia. They were then treated with 40 l (4⫻1011 GC) of ...
... vector. Injections at later time points during gestation, although feasible, were not conducted because of the increased risk of preterm labor and subsequent cannibalization. Neonates at 1 day postgestation (P1) were subject to hypothermic anesthesia. They were then treated with 40 l (4⫻1011 GC) of ...
Infection Salmonella PIR-B-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to
... including B cells, dendritic cells (DC), monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and megakaryocyte/platelets (7, 12, 13). PIR are not expressed by T cells, NK cells, or erythrocytes, a feature that distinguishes mouse PIR from the human PIR homologues, leukocyte Ig-like receptors ...
... including B cells, dendritic cells (DC), monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and megakaryocyte/platelets (7, 12, 13). PIR are not expressed by T cells, NK cells, or erythrocytes, a feature that distinguishes mouse PIR from the human PIR homologues, leukocyte Ig-like receptors ...
Genetics-squared: combining host and pathogen genetics in the analysis of innate immunity and bacterial virulence.
... Tlr4 One of the most celebrated successes of the application of forward genetics to innate immunity has been the discovery that the unresponsiveness of certain mouse strains to bacterial lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is controlled by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; Poltorak et al. 1998). The story began in th ...
... Tlr4 One of the most celebrated successes of the application of forward genetics to innate immunity has been the discovery that the unresponsiveness of certain mouse strains to bacterial lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is controlled by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; Poltorak et al. 1998). The story began in th ...
A new model for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae middle ear
... fluids. Bacteria are cleared from the majority of middle ears between day 21 and 35 post-inoculation but remain in approximately 20% of middle ears at least up to day 56 post-infection. The expression of Toll-like receptor-dependent response cytokine genes is elevated in the middle ear of the Jbo/+ ...
... fluids. Bacteria are cleared from the majority of middle ears between day 21 and 35 post-inoculation but remain in approximately 20% of middle ears at least up to day 56 post-infection. The expression of Toll-like receptor-dependent response cytokine genes is elevated in the middle ear of the Jbo/+ ...
Intranasal immunization of mice with Echinococcus
... optimal presentation, i.e. in several copies in a submicroscopic particle, such as a multimer (micelle or proteasome), a liposome (Morein & Simons 1985), or an immuno stimulating complex (iscom) (Morein et al. 1984). An inadequate immune response is not only irrelevant but may even favor the invadin ...
... optimal presentation, i.e. in several copies in a submicroscopic particle, such as a multimer (micelle or proteasome), a liposome (Morein & Simons 1985), or an immuno stimulating complex (iscom) (Morein et al. 1984). An inadequate immune response is not only irrelevant but may even favor the invadin ...
Pattern Generated by Oxidative Stress Th2
... role for innate immune engagement by lipoxidation- and glycoxidation-derived products (5), in particular aldehyde-modified proteins and phospholipids (7, 8). Such extensive, and in many cases proinflammatory, involvement of innate immunity is likely to provide fertile ground for the elicitation of a ...
... role for innate immune engagement by lipoxidation- and glycoxidation-derived products (5), in particular aldehyde-modified proteins and phospholipids (7, 8). Such extensive, and in many cases proinflammatory, involvement of innate immunity is likely to provide fertile ground for the elicitation of a ...
Immunotolerance against a foreign antigen transgenically
... To examine whether anergy plays a role in the unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to HEL observed in Tg mice, the response of these cells to HEL was tested in the presence of exogenous IL-2; this cytokine has been shown to reverse anergy in various systems.15"17 As shown in Figure 3, cultures of WT and ...
... To examine whether anergy plays a role in the unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to HEL observed in Tg mice, the response of these cells to HEL was tested in the presence of exogenous IL-2; this cytokine has been shown to reverse anergy in various systems.15"17 As shown in Figure 3, cultures of WT and ...
A role for sex chromosome complement in the female bias in
... had more CNS inflammation than recipients of XY–-derived LNCs. Shown are representative thoracic spinal cord sections of mice with adoptively transferred EAE that were coimmunostained with anti-CD45 (red) and anti–3tubulin (green) antibodies. LF, lateral funiculus; VH, ventral horn). EAE mice that ...
... had more CNS inflammation than recipients of XY–-derived LNCs. Shown are representative thoracic spinal cord sections of mice with adoptively transferred EAE that were coimmunostained with anti-CD45 (red) and anti–3tubulin (green) antibodies. LF, lateral funiculus; VH, ventral horn). EAE mice that ...
Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Remodelling in - (BORA)
... the most commonly identified cause of occupational asthma, a disease that accounts for nearly 10% of all adult-onset asthma [2]. The major diisocyanates currently in use are methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) [3], which are ...
... the most commonly identified cause of occupational asthma, a disease that accounts for nearly 10% of all adult-onset asthma [2]. The major diisocyanates currently in use are methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) [3], which are ...
Scientific Category: VASCULAR BIOLOGY CEACAM1 myeloid cells
... Local inflammation during cutaneous leishmaniasis is accompanied by accumulation of CD11b+ cells at the site of the infection. A functional role for these monocytic cells in local angiogenesis in leishmaniasis has not been described so far. Here, we show that CD11b+ cells express high levels of the ...
... Local inflammation during cutaneous leishmaniasis is accompanied by accumulation of CD11b+ cells at the site of the infection. A functional role for these monocytic cells in local angiogenesis in leishmaniasis has not been described so far. Here, we show that CD11b+ cells express high levels of the ...
PDF - Theranostics
... enable communication among cells involved in the immune system and tumor cell migration.[20] Therefore, urinary exosomes are a source of proteins relevant to conditions perturbing urogenital organ function such as polycystic kidney disease,[21] diabetic nephropathy[22] and prostate cancer.[23] The u ...
... enable communication among cells involved in the immune system and tumor cell migration.[20] Therefore, urinary exosomes are a source of proteins relevant to conditions perturbing urogenital organ function such as polycystic kidney disease,[21] diabetic nephropathy[22] and prostate cancer.[23] The u ...
Poster
... has risen for vit. D’s ability to modulate immune responses by signaling through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vit. D is obtained through dietary sources, like seafood, or exposure to sun’s UVB rays. Vit. D in its active form can passively diffuse into multiple cell types, such as lymphocytes, while ...
... has risen for vit. D’s ability to modulate immune responses by signaling through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vit. D is obtained through dietary sources, like seafood, or exposure to sun’s UVB rays. Vit. D in its active form can passively diffuse into multiple cell types, such as lymphocytes, while ...
Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii induced by DNA
... Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for toxoplasmosis in a wide range of hosts including humans, mammals, birds and marine mammals [1-5]. T. gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is rarely symptomatic, but toxoplasmosis occurred in fetus and imm ...
... Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for toxoplasmosis in a wide range of hosts including humans, mammals, birds and marine mammals [1-5]. T. gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is rarely symptomatic, but toxoplasmosis occurred in fetus and imm ...
Mice exposed to dim light at night exaggerate inflammatory
... following, and 24 h post-LPS injection. Mice were killed 48 h postLPS via decapitation while under deep isoflurane anesthesia. Two LD mice are excluded from body temperature and activity analyses, but not sickness responses (described below), because their transmitters stopped working during the stud ...
... following, and 24 h post-LPS injection. Mice were killed 48 h postLPS via decapitation while under deep isoflurane anesthesia. Two LD mice are excluded from body temperature and activity analyses, but not sickness responses (described below), because their transmitters stopped working during the stud ...
Induction of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 gD in
... work and showed 80 % of animals seroconverting at 2 weeks and 90 % seroconverting at 4 weeks after a single immunization. Fig. 1 (a, b) demonstrates the extremely rapid development of active antibody titres in passively immunized mice after a single intramuscular injection with pSLRSV.SgD. This rapi ...
... work and showed 80 % of animals seroconverting at 2 weeks and 90 % seroconverting at 4 weeks after a single immunization. Fig. 1 (a, b) demonstrates the extremely rapid development of active antibody titres in passively immunized mice after a single intramuscular injection with pSLRSV.SgD. This rapi ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLE
... making special cytokins including IFN-γ that recruits CMI. Leishmania resistant strain of mice such as C57Bl/6 genetically produces Th1 immune responses and shows only a local reaction that heals easly [16,17]. On the other hand infected BALB/C mice generally activate Th2 cells and regulate humoral ...
... making special cytokins including IFN-γ that recruits CMI. Leishmania resistant strain of mice such as C57Bl/6 genetically produces Th1 immune responses and shows only a local reaction that heals easly [16,17]. On the other hand infected BALB/C mice generally activate Th2 cells and regulate humoral ...
CARMA1 Is Critical for the Development of Allergic Airway
... methacholine (29). When we measured changes in airway resistance and dynamic compliance, the OVA-immunized and -challenged wild-type mice had significantly greater reactivity than the OVA-immunized and -challenged CARMA1⫺/⫺ mice (Fig. 4B). In fact, the CARMA1⫺/⫺ mice had similar changes in resistanc ...
... methacholine (29). When we measured changes in airway resistance and dynamic compliance, the OVA-immunized and -challenged wild-type mice had significantly greater reactivity than the OVA-immunized and -challenged CARMA1⫺/⫺ mice (Fig. 4B). In fact, the CARMA1⫺/⫺ mice had similar changes in resistanc ...
Infection Control Worksheet
... Urine incontinence is caused by problems with muscles and nerve that help to hold or release urine from the bladder Why do people pass more urine at night as they get older? Lose the ability to concentrate urine What are the 2 function of the bladder To store urine To contract and expel uring How mu ...
... Urine incontinence is caused by problems with muscles and nerve that help to hold or release urine from the bladder Why do people pass more urine at night as they get older? Lose the ability to concentrate urine What are the 2 function of the bladder To store urine To contract and expel uring How mu ...
Protective Anti-Helicobacter Immunity Is Induced with Aluminum
... considered to be protected if there was a complete absence of detectable Helicobacter organisms in silver-stained sections. Additionally, cultures were performed on gastric biopsy samples from H. pylori–challenged mice to confirm the presence or absence of bacteria. Two biopsy samples (2 ⫻ 2 mm) fro ...
... considered to be protected if there was a complete absence of detectable Helicobacter organisms in silver-stained sections. Additionally, cultures were performed on gastric biopsy samples from H. pylori–challenged mice to confirm the presence or absence of bacteria. Two biopsy samples (2 ⫻ 2 mm) fro ...
A New Mouse Model That Spontaneously Develops Chronic Liver
... Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a population of unconventional T lymphocytes that express the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) together with several NK surface markers and recognize glycolipids presented by the MHC class I like CD1d molecule [9, 10]. The NKT cell population is heterogeneous where th ...
... Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a population of unconventional T lymphocytes that express the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) together with several NK surface markers and recognize glycolipids presented by the MHC class I like CD1d molecule [9, 10]. The NKT cell population is heterogeneous where th ...
Major urinary proteins
Major urinary proteins (Mups), also known as α2u-globulins, are a subfamily of proteins found in abundance in the urine and other secretions of many animals. Mups provide a small range of identifying information about the donor animal, when detected by the vomeronasal organ of the receiving animal. They belong to a larger family of proteins known as lipocalins. Mups are encoded by a cluster of genes, located adjacent to each other on a single stretch of DNA, that varies greatly in number between species: from at least 21 functional genes in mice to none in humans. Mup proteins form a characteristic glove shape, encompassing a ligand-binding pocket that accommodates specific small, organic chemicals.Urinary proteins were first reported in rodents in 1932, during studies by Thomas Addis into the cause of proteinuria. They are potent human allergens, and are largely responsible for a number of animal allergies, including to cats, horses and rodents. Their endogenous function within an animal is unknown, but may involve regulating energy expenditure. However, as secreted proteins they play multiple roles in chemical communication between animals, functioning as pheromone transporters and stabilizers in rodents and pigs. Mups can also act as protein pheromones themselves. They have been demonstrated to promote aggression in male mice, and one specific Mup protein found in male mouse urine is sexually attractive to female mice. Mups can also function as signals between different species: mice display an instinctive fear response on the detection of Mups derived from predators such as cats and rats.