Integer Quantum Hall Effect - (Dawn of topology in
... If two surfaces have the same curvature, we can smoothly transform one into the other without changing distances (the transformation is called an isometry). For example, a sheet of paper (used here to represent a curvature zero plane) can be rolled up to form a cylinder (which also has zero curvatur ...
... If two surfaces have the same curvature, we can smoothly transform one into the other without changing distances (the transformation is called an isometry). For example, a sheet of paper (used here to represent a curvature zero plane) can be rolled up to form a cylinder (which also has zero curvatur ...
Statistical Physics (PHY831): Part 4: Superconductors at finite
... which reduces to N (Ef )∆2 (0)/2 at zero temperature, so that we can make the connection to the Landau theory through a2 (0)/2b = N (Ef )∆2 (0)/2. Expanding for small ∆, it can be shown that near the critical point, fBCS ∝ |T − Tc |2 . We then find that near the critical temperature a2 (t)/2b = |T − ...
... which reduces to N (Ef )∆2 (0)/2 at zero temperature, so that we can make the connection to the Landau theory through a2 (0)/2b = N (Ef )∆2 (0)/2. Expanding for small ∆, it can be shown that near the critical point, fBCS ∝ |T − Tc |2 . We then find that near the critical temperature a2 (t)/2b = |T − ...
Silicon quantum dots for quantum information processing
... Supervisor: Prof. Andrew Dzurak, Dr. Alessandro Rossi Research Theme: The Digital Future Background and Motivation ...
... Supervisor: Prof. Andrew Dzurak, Dr. Alessandro Rossi Research Theme: The Digital Future Background and Motivation ...
PDF
... is the lifetime of the optical transition. The average atomic speed is 500 m/s, so that the effective pulse width of the probe, τLP , is about 60 nsec, which satisfies the constraint that τLP <<1/ω. Note that the resolution of the phase measurement is essentially given by the ratio of min [τLP , Γ−1 ...
... is the lifetime of the optical transition. The average atomic speed is 500 m/s, so that the effective pulse width of the probe, τLP , is about 60 nsec, which satisfies the constraint that τLP <<1/ω. Note that the resolution of the phase measurement is essentially given by the ratio of min [τLP , Γ−1 ...
Quantum Transport and its Classical Limit
... Typical area enclosed in that time: sample area A. WL suppressed at flux F ~ hc/e through sample. Typical area enclosed in time terg: sample area A. Typical area enclosed in timetD: A(tD/terg)1/2. WL suppressed at F ~ (hc/e)(terg/tD)1/2 << hc/e. ...
... Typical area enclosed in that time: sample area A. WL suppressed at flux F ~ hc/e through sample. Typical area enclosed in time terg: sample area A. Typical area enclosed in timetD: A(tD/terg)1/2. WL suppressed at F ~ (hc/e)(terg/tD)1/2 << hc/e. ...
On Water, Steam and String Theory
... Here, i and j are two neighboring lattice points. So the sum is a sum over all links. Put differently, for each pair of neighboring molecules the energy is decreased by −1. E.g., the energy of the configuration in Fig. 4 is −3 since there are three links that are occupied at both ends. This definiti ...
... Here, i and j are two neighboring lattice points. So the sum is a sum over all links. Put differently, for each pair of neighboring molecules the energy is decreased by −1. E.g., the energy of the configuration in Fig. 4 is −3 since there are three links that are occupied at both ends. This definiti ...
Universal Quantum Computation with the Exchange Interaction
... is a strong interaction, so that it should permit very fast gate operation, well into the GHz range for several of the proposals. At the same time, it is very short ranged, arising from the spatial overlap of electronic wavefunctions, so that it should be possible to have an on-off ratio of many ord ...
... is a strong interaction, so that it should permit very fast gate operation, well into the GHz range for several of the proposals. At the same time, it is very short ranged, arising from the spatial overlap of electronic wavefunctions, so that it should be possible to have an on-off ratio of many ord ...
Calculated Electron Dynamics in a Strong Electric Field V 77, N 20
... laser frequency, and Fstd is the amplitude of the electric field at the nucleus generated by the laser field. For the process described in this paper, H is the Rb atomic Hamiltonian plus a term from the static electric field. There are many formally equivalent ways of obtaining the c function descri ...
... laser frequency, and Fstd is the amplitude of the electric field at the nucleus generated by the laser field. For the process described in this paper, H is the Rb atomic Hamiltonian plus a term from the static electric field. There are many formally equivalent ways of obtaining the c function descri ...
letters - mceuen group
... expected four-fold symmetry and electron–hole symmetry are broken by spin–orbit coupling, demonstrating that the spin and orbital motion in nanotubes are not independent degrees of freedom. The observed spin–orbit coupling further determines the filling order in the many-electron ground states, givi ...
... expected four-fold symmetry and electron–hole symmetry are broken by spin–orbit coupling, demonstrating that the spin and orbital motion in nanotubes are not independent degrees of freedom. The observed spin–orbit coupling further determines the filling order in the many-electron ground states, givi ...
Here
... The properties of a molecule depend on its shape and the nature of its bonds. In this unit, we will discuss three models. (1) a model for the geometry of molecules -- valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (2) a model about WHY molecules form bonds and WHY they have the shape they do - ...
... The properties of a molecule depend on its shape and the nature of its bonds. In this unit, we will discuss three models. (1) a model for the geometry of molecules -- valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (2) a model about WHY molecules form bonds and WHY they have the shape they do - ...
Smart Materials, Precision Sensors/Actuators, Smart Structures, and
... control problems in large-stroke precision actuation of piezoelectric actuators. Many natural and synthetic materials exhibit piezoelectric properties [7], which can be classified into (1) natural crystals, (2) liquid crystals, (3) noncrystalline materials (4) textures, and (5) synthetic piezoelectr ...
... control problems in large-stroke precision actuation of piezoelectric actuators. Many natural and synthetic materials exhibit piezoelectric properties [7], which can be classified into (1) natural crystals, (2) liquid crystals, (3) noncrystalline materials (4) textures, and (5) synthetic piezoelectr ...
Quantum Phenomena in Low-Dimensional Systems Michael R. Geller
... (This expression is a consequence of Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, but one can also view it as a generalization of the double-slit interference formula to an infinite number of “slits.”) The cross-terms in this expression are responsible for interference. Usually when ope ...
... (This expression is a consequence of Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, but one can also view it as a generalization of the double-slit interference formula to an infinite number of “slits.”) The cross-terms in this expression are responsible for interference. Usually when ope ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.