Minimal length scales for the existence of local temperature
... states show up locally [18] and only very few exact results are known [19]. Nonetheless, whenever local equilibrium exists, the macroscopic temperature gradient is small (dT/T 1). Here, we restrict ourselves to systems which are in a global equilibrium state (3){. In these situations, subunits of ...
... states show up locally [18] and only very few exact results are known [19]. Nonetheless, whenever local equilibrium exists, the macroscopic temperature gradient is small (dT/T 1). Here, we restrict ourselves to systems which are in a global equilibrium state (3){. In these situations, subunits of ...
Electromagnetic Study of the Chlorosome Antenna
... Results and discussion Antenna spectra and resonances The chlorosome antennae absorbs incoming light in the visible range. The resulting spectrum shows resonances determined by the presence of molecular transitions at about 750 nm. The chlorosome aggregate resonances are shifted respect to the pigm ...
... Results and discussion Antenna spectra and resonances The chlorosome antennae absorbs incoming light in the visible range. The resulting spectrum shows resonances determined by the presence of molecular transitions at about 750 nm. The chlorosome aggregate resonances are shifted respect to the pigm ...
The Changing Faces of the Earth`s Magnetic Field
... less than a decade when considering satellite measurements. Since the temporal variations of the geomagnetic field* occur on timescales ranging from seconds to millions of years, our view is thus restricted to a very short time span. In order to capture the essence of the past magnetic field activit ...
... less than a decade when considering satellite measurements. Since the temporal variations of the geomagnetic field* occur on timescales ranging from seconds to millions of years, our view is thus restricted to a very short time span. In order to capture the essence of the past magnetic field activit ...
DIFFUSION LIMIT OF A GENERALIZED MATRIX
... magnetic state of a system can be changed by manipulating charges with electric fields, which can be handled rather easily and more precisely as compared to magnetic fields. In most of the spintronic applications, spin-polarized electron transport in solids plays a crucial role. By spin-polarized tr ...
... magnetic state of a system can be changed by manipulating charges with electric fields, which can be handled rather easily and more precisely as compared to magnetic fields. In most of the spintronic applications, spin-polarized electron transport in solids plays a crucial role. By spin-polarized tr ...
Electron paramagnetic resonance of photoexcited
... lem of scalability. The requirement for the scalability motivated researchers to propose solid state quantum computer based on electron spin qubits (“up" spin and “down" spin: two level quantum system). In that regard, electron confined to GaAs quantum dots have been proposed [6]. But due to the int ...
... lem of scalability. The requirement for the scalability motivated researchers to propose solid state quantum computer based on electron spin qubits (“up" spin and “down" spin: two level quantum system). In that regard, electron confined to GaAs quantum dots have been proposed [6]. But due to the int ...
Are physical objects necessarily burnt up by the blue sheet inside a
... The next stage of our analysis is to consider the interaction of the divergent electromagnetic field (1) with the matter comprising the infalling object. We assume that the object is much smaller than the radius of curvature between the event and the inner horizons, and hence the effects of curvatur ...
... The next stage of our analysis is to consider the interaction of the divergent electromagnetic field (1) with the matter comprising the infalling object. We assume that the object is much smaller than the radius of curvature between the event and the inner horizons, and hence the effects of curvatur ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 255303
... The constant H 0c in Eq. (5) gives the zero-point correction to h0 which, along with the contribution from thermally excited quasiparticles, can in principle change the global minimum of the free energy and hence the most stable condensate configuration. Using the fact that MðkÞ is positive definite ...
... The constant H 0c in Eq. (5) gives the zero-point correction to h0 which, along with the contribution from thermally excited quasiparticles, can in principle change the global minimum of the free energy and hence the most stable condensate configuration. Using the fact that MðkÞ is positive definite ...
Computational Electromagnetics: Software - CSC
... In the SCEE approach, we construct high frequency approximate surface currents extrapolated from rigourous Method of Moments (MoM) models at lower frequency. To do so, the low frequency currents are projected onto special basis vectors defined on the surface relative to the direction of the incident ...
... In the SCEE approach, we construct high frequency approximate surface currents extrapolated from rigourous Method of Moments (MoM) models at lower frequency. To do so, the low frequency currents are projected onto special basis vectors defined on the surface relative to the direction of the incident ...
2. Objectives - McMaster Materials Science and Engineering
... This decrease in the boundary area results in the decrease in total energy of the alloy and thus the driving force for grain growth [10,11,13,14]. As the grains grow into each other, planes of atoms within each grain on the boundaries meet. In order to meet “noble” state configurations (assuming sim ...
... This decrease in the boundary area results in the decrease in total energy of the alloy and thus the driving force for grain growth [10,11,13,14]. As the grains grow into each other, planes of atoms within each grain on the boundaries meet. In order to meet “noble” state configurations (assuming sim ...
Atomic configuration guide
... There are varying kinds of each orbital: s – 1, p – 3, d – 5, f – 7 Each orbital can hold 2 electrons – Pauli’s exclusion principle states that no 2 particles can occupy the same state at the same time – Only 2 possible values for spin – Hence only 2 electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same ...
... There are varying kinds of each orbital: s – 1, p – 3, d – 5, f – 7 Each orbital can hold 2 electrons – Pauli’s exclusion principle states that no 2 particles can occupy the same state at the same time – Only 2 possible values for spin – Hence only 2 electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same ...
Ionization of atoms in parallel electric and magnetic fields: The role
... '20 m s. It thus differs from the above-mentioned photoexcitation experiments in external fields for which closed-orbit theory can be applied. Quantum mechanically, this experiment measures the ratio of photoexcited states with a decay width larger than G52 p /T max to the total density of photoexci ...
... '20 m s. It thus differs from the above-mentioned photoexcitation experiments in external fields for which closed-orbit theory can be applied. Quantum mechanically, this experiment measures the ratio of photoexcited states with a decay width larger than G52 p /T max to the total density of photoexci ...
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) compounds.
... measurements, in this case, yield not only information about the geometric structure of the active site under investigation but are also sensitive to the details of its electronic structure, thus providing an experimental means of studying the electronic contribution to reactivity of copper systems. ...
... measurements, in this case, yield not only information about the geometric structure of the active site under investigation but are also sensitive to the details of its electronic structure, thus providing an experimental means of studying the electronic contribution to reactivity of copper systems. ...
Slater decomposition of fractional quantum Hall states
... The last point is of particual interest. Dunne [Dun93] proved some results about Laughlin’s decomposition on the Schur functions, a particular family of symmetric functions. In [DFGIL94], some sum rules for the coefficients of the Slater expansion were found. Nevertheless, the first big progress on ...
... The last point is of particual interest. Dunne [Dun93] proved some results about Laughlin’s decomposition on the Schur functions, a particular family of symmetric functions. In [DFGIL94], some sum rules for the coefficients of the Slater expansion were found. Nevertheless, the first big progress on ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.