Edge states and integer quantum Hall effect in topological insulator
... with the parameter B < 0 (without loss of generality we assume negative B). In case (ii) with Δ B < 0, the two LLs of n = 0 are separated in a finite field as shown in Fig. 2b. When approaching the edge the LLs with positive energies go upward while the LLs with negative energies go downward, ind ...
... with the parameter B < 0 (without loss of generality we assume negative B). In case (ii) with Δ B < 0, the two LLs of n = 0 are separated in a finite field as shown in Fig. 2b. When approaching the edge the LLs with positive energies go upward while the LLs with negative energies go downward, ind ...
Universal Long-Time Behavior of Nuclear Spin Decays in a Solid
... 131 Xe) samples of solid polycrystalline xenon containing 129 Xe polarized to 5%–10% were prepared using spinexchange convection cells [7,29]. FIDs and solid echoes were acquired at 77 K in an applied field of 1.5 T (129 Xe Larmor frequency of 17.6 MHz), well into the high-field limit of Eq. (2). Th ...
... 131 Xe) samples of solid polycrystalline xenon containing 129 Xe polarized to 5%–10% were prepared using spinexchange convection cells [7,29]. FIDs and solid echoes were acquired at 77 K in an applied field of 1.5 T (129 Xe Larmor frequency of 17.6 MHz), well into the high-field limit of Eq. (2). Th ...
Ph. D. thesis Quantum Phase Transitions in Correlated Systems
... the characteristic length- and timescale, ξ and τ , respectively. The most common phase transitions are first order phase transitions. The phases coexist at the transition point and the order parameter jumps at the phase boundary. Latent heat is disengaged at the phase transition as a signature of a ...
... the characteristic length- and timescale, ξ and τ , respectively. The most common phase transitions are first order phase transitions. The phases coexist at the transition point and the order parameter jumps at the phase boundary. Latent heat is disengaged at the phase transition as a signature of a ...
Deconfined Quantum Critical Points
... The theory of continuous phase transitions is one of the foundations of statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory. A central concept in this theory is that of the ”order parameter”; its nonzero expectation value characterizes a broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian in an ordered phase and it go ...
... The theory of continuous phase transitions is one of the foundations of statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory. A central concept in this theory is that of the ”order parameter”; its nonzero expectation value characterizes a broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian in an ordered phase and it go ...
8 Forces in action
... All matter is made up of atoms. At the centre of each atom is a heavy nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is a lot of empty space and tiny particles called electrons. Electrons are constantly moving around the nucleus. Each electron carries a negative electric charge. Inside the nucleus are two differe ...
... All matter is made up of atoms. At the centre of each atom is a heavy nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is a lot of empty space and tiny particles called electrons. Electrons are constantly moving around the nucleus. Each electron carries a negative electric charge. Inside the nucleus are two differe ...
Universal emergence of the one-third plateau
... classical Monte Carlo simulations 共MC兲, and spin-wave theory, is that the M = 1 / 3 plateau is realized in frustrated quantum spin chains with S ⬎ 1 / 2 in the case of isotropic exchange and in the easy-axis regime as we show for the specific examples of S = 1, 3 / 2, and 2. As for spin-1 / 2,25 thi ...
... classical Monte Carlo simulations 共MC兲, and spin-wave theory, is that the M = 1 / 3 plateau is realized in frustrated quantum spin chains with S ⬎ 1 / 2 in the case of isotropic exchange and in the easy-axis regime as we show for the specific examples of S = 1, 3 / 2, and 2. As for spin-1 / 2,25 thi ...
Spontaneously broken gauge symmetry in a Bose gas with constant
... analysed modelling the underlying complex valued fugacity spectrum, considering very weak (s-wave) interactions and non-classical correlations between the particles. The phase gauge symmetry breaking process is continuously monitored by switching the gas temperature from above the critical temperatu ...
... analysed modelling the underlying complex valued fugacity spectrum, considering very weak (s-wave) interactions and non-classical correlations between the particles. The phase gauge symmetry breaking process is continuously monitored by switching the gas temperature from above the critical temperatu ...
Electron-Electron Scattering in a Double Quantum Dot
... analysis of the electron-electron interaction Hamiltonian for a double QD shows that these processes do exist and that they will manifest themselves through the modification of the optical properties of the double QD. For the incoherent energy transfer regime,6,11 these processes result in line broa ...
... analysis of the electron-electron interaction Hamiltonian for a double QD shows that these processes do exist and that they will manifest themselves through the modification of the optical properties of the double QD. For the incoherent energy transfer regime,6,11 these processes result in line broa ...
103, 077001 (2009)
... values of the temperature-independent parameters Ae , Be , Ah , and Bh by requiring that e ðT0 Þ is sufficiently larger than h ðT0 Þ for RH ðTÞ to be zero at T ¼ T0 30 K and negative below this temperature. We have checked that our conclusions below for the qualitative behavior of with T are r ...
... values of the temperature-independent parameters Ae , Be , Ah , and Bh by requiring that e ðT0 Þ is sufficiently larger than h ðT0 Þ for RH ðTÞ to be zero at T ¼ T0 30 K and negative below this temperature. We have checked that our conclusions below for the qualitative behavior of with T are r ...
Embracing the quantum limit in silicon computing
... In pulsed-ESR measurements of a two-dimensional electron system, it has been found that T2 can exceed T1 (in general, T2 is limited to 2T1 and only reaches this length when the dominant process is relaxation). Values of T1 and T2 in the microsecond range can be understood as arising from the spin–or ...
... In pulsed-ESR measurements of a two-dimensional electron system, it has been found that T2 can exceed T1 (in general, T2 is limited to 2T1 and only reaches this length when the dominant process is relaxation). Values of T1 and T2 in the microsecond range can be understood as arising from the spin–or ...
Magnetism of 3d Frustrated Magnetic Insulators - Helmholtz
... This thesis is about the experimental investigation of three magnetic insulators with magnetic 3d transition metal ions: α-CaCr2 O4 , β-CaCr2 O4 and Sr2 VO4 . Both α-CaCr2 O4 and β-CaCr2 O4 have the same stoichiometry and the magnetic spin-3/2 Cr3+ ions are in the same octahedral environment. The co ...
... This thesis is about the experimental investigation of three magnetic insulators with magnetic 3d transition metal ions: α-CaCr2 O4 , β-CaCr2 O4 and Sr2 VO4 . Both α-CaCr2 O4 and β-CaCr2 O4 have the same stoichiometry and the magnetic spin-3/2 Cr3+ ions are in the same octahedral environment. The co ...
Lecture 19: The Aufbau Principle
... The Aufbau Principal (cont.) • When placing electrons into orbitals in the construction of polyelectronic atoms, we use the Aufbau Principle. • This principle states that in addition to adding protons and neutrons to the nucleus, one simply adds electrons to the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals • Paul ...
... The Aufbau Principal (cont.) • When placing electrons into orbitals in the construction of polyelectronic atoms, we use the Aufbau Principle. • This principle states that in addition to adding protons and neutrons to the nucleus, one simply adds electrons to the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals • Paul ...
When Energy Conservation Seems to Fail: The Prediction of the
... Another issue concerned the inherent angular momentum (spin) of the alleged electrons in the nucleus. According to quantum mechanics, the electron had a spin. As for the bound electrons in the atom, the idea that the electron had a mechanical momentum and a magnetic moment seemed to work. Moreover, ...
... Another issue concerned the inherent angular momentum (spin) of the alleged electrons in the nucleus. According to quantum mechanics, the electron had a spin. As for the bound electrons in the atom, the idea that the electron had a mechanical momentum and a magnetic moment seemed to work. Moreover, ...
Slides
... •A tricritical point separates the 2nd order transitions from the 1st order ones. •In a magnetic field, tricritical wings appear: •A quantum critical point is eventually realized, but only at a nonzero magnetic field! •This behavior is seen in systems that are very with respect to electronic structu ...
... •A tricritical point separates the 2nd order transitions from the 1st order ones. •In a magnetic field, tricritical wings appear: •A quantum critical point is eventually realized, but only at a nonzero magnetic field! •This behavior is seen in systems that are very with respect to electronic structu ...
C10J ATOMIC STRUCTURE (6 lectures)
... mosquito in the night with the light from a flashlight. Both cases are using photons to locate an object, but in the case of the mosquito the photons have a comparatively much smaller mass (much smaller momentum). This means that the momentum from the light photons will not be enough to significantl ...
... mosquito in the night with the light from a flashlight. Both cases are using photons to locate an object, but in the case of the mosquito the photons have a comparatively much smaller mass (much smaller momentum). This means that the momentum from the light photons will not be enough to significantl ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.