Magnetic Tweezers and DNA
... Important Aside: Equipartition Theorem Average energy = (1/2)kBT for every variable which energy depends on quadratic, e.g. if E a x2, or E a v2 (In classical statistical mechanics), the equipartition theorem is a general formula that relates the temperature of a system with its average energies. I ...
... Important Aside: Equipartition Theorem Average energy = (1/2)kBT for every variable which energy depends on quadratic, e.g. if E a x2, or E a v2 (In classical statistical mechanics), the equipartition theorem is a general formula that relates the temperature of a system with its average energies. I ...
Magnetic Confinement Demonstration
... The circular motion produced by a magnetic force on a charged particle can be understood by using Newton’s Second Law, F = ma. The force exerted by a magnetic field, B, on a moving particle of electrical charge, q, with velocity, v, is F = qvB whenever v and B are perpendicular. Setting this equal t ...
... The circular motion produced by a magnetic force on a charged particle can be understood by using Newton’s Second Law, F = ma. The force exerted by a magnetic field, B, on a moving particle of electrical charge, q, with velocity, v, is F = qvB whenever v and B are perpendicular. Setting this equal t ...
Magnetic Confinement Demonstration: Motion of Charged Particles
... The circular motion produced by a magnetic force on a charged particle can be understood by using Newton’s Second Law, F = ma. The force exerted by a magnetic field, B, on a moving particle of electrical charge, q, with velocity, v, is F = qvB whenever v and B are perpendicular. Setting this equal t ...
... The circular motion produced by a magnetic force on a charged particle can be understood by using Newton’s Second Law, F = ma. The force exerted by a magnetic field, B, on a moving particle of electrical charge, q, with velocity, v, is F = qvB whenever v and B are perpendicular. Setting this equal t ...
Lecture 1 - Harvard Condensed Matter Theory group
... Single valence electron in the s-orbital and Nuclear spin Hyperfine coupling mixes nuclear and electron spins ...
... Single valence electron in the s-orbital and Nuclear spin Hyperfine coupling mixes nuclear and electron spins ...
The exotic world of quantum matter
... The search for new types of order in new (artificially synthesized) materials with novel properties not encountered in nature goes on. • More recently the search is focussing on “exotic” states of matter, characterized by more subtle types of order, sometimes with topological properties and/or with ...
... The search for new types of order in new (artificially synthesized) materials with novel properties not encountered in nature goes on. • More recently the search is focussing on “exotic” states of matter, characterized by more subtle types of order, sometimes with topological properties and/or with ...
Physics: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
... • What is the rule for determining if a nucleus has a net magnetic moment ? • What will increase the strength of the NMR signal ? ...
... • What is the rule for determining if a nucleus has a net magnetic moment ? • What will increase the strength of the NMR signal ? ...
Magnetic, Electric, and Gravitational Fields
... poles of a magnet. – The coil of the electromagnet is connected to a battery or other source of electric current. – When an electric current flows through the wire in the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced in the coil. ...
... poles of a magnet. – The coil of the electromagnet is connected to a battery or other source of electric current. – When an electric current flows through the wire in the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced in the coil. ...
Preparation methods for bulk materials
... phenomena responsible for hard magnet properties, which lead to the discovery of new families of permanent magnet materials based on rare earth (R) - transition metal (T) compounds. The search for new materials with superior properties focuses on compounds with high values of Curie temperature (TC > ...
... phenomena responsible for hard magnet properties, which lead to the discovery of new families of permanent magnet materials based on rare earth (R) - transition metal (T) compounds. The search for new materials with superior properties focuses on compounds with high values of Curie temperature (TC > ...
Magnets and Magnetic Fields
... What are magnetic domains? Magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, and nickel are composed of small areas where the groups of atoms are aligned like the poles of a magnet. These regions are called domains. All of the domains of a magnetic substance tend to align themselves in the same direction when ...
... What are magnetic domains? Magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, and nickel are composed of small areas where the groups of atoms are aligned like the poles of a magnet. These regions are called domains. All of the domains of a magnetic substance tend to align themselves in the same direction when ...
Dielectric Properties of Magnetic Liquids in High Electric Fields
... of approximately spherical shape coated with oleic acid was prepared. Magnetic particles were obtained by chemical precipitation of ferrous and ferric salts by NH4 OH. Oleic acid (as a surfactant) and ITO 100 were added after washing and water removing at the temperature 70◦ C. Volume concentrations ...
... of approximately spherical shape coated with oleic acid was prepared. Magnetic particles were obtained by chemical precipitation of ferrous and ferric salts by NH4 OH. Oleic acid (as a surfactant) and ITO 100 were added after washing and water removing at the temperature 70◦ C. Volume concentrations ...
Electromagnetic induction
... • 2. The size of the induced emf depends on the speed of movement. • 3. The induced emf depends on the strength of the B field. • 4. Changing the area inside the magnetic field • 5. Increasing the number of turns also changes the flux linkage, and so induces a greater emf. ...
... • 2. The size of the induced emf depends on the speed of movement. • 3. The induced emf depends on the strength of the B field. • 4. Changing the area inside the magnetic field • 5. Increasing the number of turns also changes the flux linkage, and so induces a greater emf. ...
nuclear spin states
... This motion gives rise to a signal (current) that can be detected by the same coil (along the x axis) that is used to produce the original pulse. As relaxation proceeds, this signal decreases exponentially and approach zero as the magnetic moment reaches the z axis. (Note that the coil acts as a ...
... This motion gives rise to a signal (current) that can be detected by the same coil (along the x axis) that is used to produce the original pulse. As relaxation proceeds, this signal decreases exponentially and approach zero as the magnetic moment reaches the z axis. (Note that the coil acts as a ...
Stabilizing the magnetic moment of single holmium atoms by symmetry
... Single magnetic atoms, and assemblies of such atoms, on nonmagnetic surfaces have recently attracted attention owing to their potential use in high-density magnetic data storage and as a platform for quantum computing1–8. A fundamental problem resulting from their quantum mechanical nature is that t ...
... Single magnetic atoms, and assemblies of such atoms, on nonmagnetic surfaces have recently attracted attention owing to their potential use in high-density magnetic data storage and as a platform for quantum computing1–8. A fundamental problem resulting from their quantum mechanical nature is that t ...
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... Note for He2 (4 electrons), Pauli principle means two e’s in antibonding state as well as bonding state so no overall energy saving (inert gases – no bond - no He2) Mid-periodic table elements (half-filled orbitals) tend to have strongest bonds (e.g. melting points. etc.) ...
... Note for He2 (4 electrons), Pauli principle means two e’s in antibonding state as well as bonding state so no overall energy saving (inert gases – no bond - no He2) Mid-periodic table elements (half-filled orbitals) tend to have strongest bonds (e.g. melting points. etc.) ...
Lect13
... • We will see next lecture that such a current loop does produce magnetic fields, similar to a bar magnet. In fact, atomic scale current loops were once thought to completely explain magnetic materials (in some sense they still are!). ...
... • We will see next lecture that such a current loop does produce magnetic fields, similar to a bar magnet. In fact, atomic scale current loops were once thought to completely explain magnetic materials (in some sense they still are!). ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.