Progress Towards the Quantum Limit: High and Low Frequency Measurements of
... Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) in particular provide an opportunity to study macroscopic and theoretically quantum mechanical systems up close. Cantilevers or doubly-clamped beams on the order of 100 − 1000 nm in size and weighing 10−15 − 10−17 g have already provided extremely sensitive too ...
... Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) in particular provide an opportunity to study macroscopic and theoretically quantum mechanical systems up close. Cantilevers or doubly-clamped beams on the order of 100 − 1000 nm in size and weighing 10−15 − 10−17 g have already provided extremely sensitive too ...
msc_f_p1b2 - Bhoj University
... Important Note-In all the above text and text that follows we are using only h line or h cross, which is equal to h (Planck’s constant) divided by 2. It is quite likely that print does not show it distinctly. In some cases the size of h line is not same due to unavoidable reasons but it conveys th ...
... Important Note-In all the above text and text that follows we are using only h line or h cross, which is equal to h (Planck’s constant) divided by 2. It is quite likely that print does not show it distinctly. In some cases the size of h line is not same due to unavoidable reasons but it conveys th ...
Electronic structure of quantum dots
... systems was crossed. Much of the many-body physics that was developed for the understanding of atoms or nuclei could be applied. In turn, measurements on artificial atoms yielded a wealth of data from which a fundamental insight into the many-body physics of lowdimensional finite fermion systems was ...
... systems was crossed. Much of the many-body physics that was developed for the understanding of atoms or nuclei could be applied. In turn, measurements on artificial atoms yielded a wealth of data from which a fundamental insight into the many-body physics of lowdimensional finite fermion systems was ...
Fluctuations of the Electromagnetic Vacuum Field or radiation
... Whether zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are physically real has been the issue of debate among physicists in the 20th century. Although opinion is now overwhelmingly in their favor, the strength of the evidence on which this opinion relies is still occasionally challenged, 1 and ...
... Whether zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are physically real has been the issue of debate among physicists in the 20th century. Although opinion is now overwhelmingly in their favor, the strength of the evidence on which this opinion relies is still occasionally challenged, 1 and ...
Level shifts of rubidium Rydberg states due to binary interactions
... binary interaction-induced energy level shifts due to couplings of the type 具B兩 丢 具C兩VInt兩A典 丢 兩A典, where 兩A典, 兩B典, and 兩C典 are single-particle Rydberg states. Generally, the interaction operator, VInt, can be expanded in multipole terms that scale with increasing negative powers of the interatomic ...
... binary interaction-induced energy level shifts due to couplings of the type 具B兩 丢 具C兩VInt兩A典 丢 兩A典, where 兩A典, 兩B典, and 兩C典 are single-particle Rydberg states. Generally, the interaction operator, VInt, can be expanded in multipole terms that scale with increasing negative powers of the interatomic ...
Charge and spin quantum fluids generated by many
... the low-energy eigenstates involve occupancy configurations of the c and s1 pseudoparticle branches only [19]. The pseudoparticles have energy dispersions and residual interactions controlled by f functions, as the Fermi-liquid quasi-particles [10,18,19]. However, in contrast to such quasi-particles ...
... the low-energy eigenstates involve occupancy configurations of the c and s1 pseudoparticle branches only [19]. The pseudoparticles have energy dispersions and residual interactions controlled by f functions, as the Fermi-liquid quasi-particles [10,18,19]. However, in contrast to such quasi-particles ...
5823/ INVENTORS 48X "
... That this same problem of providing a high resistivity heating the wafers by heat from the support, contacting layer intermediate in a semiconductor body structure is the heated wafer with a decomposable vapor comprising applicable to structures other than the NPIN transistor, semiconductor atoms an ...
... That this same problem of providing a high resistivity heating the wafers by heat from the support, contacting layer intermediate in a semiconductor body structure is the heated wafer with a decomposable vapor comprising applicable to structures other than the NPIN transistor, semiconductor atoms an ...
VARIATIONAL MONTE CARLO ESTIMATION OF THE
... of the CSFs and uses the variation method to find ai's. Although an SCF calculation is rather a routine task nowadays, each CI calculation presents its own special problems. Most of those problems have a common denominator: For a given number of electrons the number of CSFs-the number of terms in (2 ...
... of the CSFs and uses the variation method to find ai's. Although an SCF calculation is rather a routine task nowadays, each CI calculation presents its own special problems. Most of those problems have a common denominator: For a given number of electrons the number of CSFs-the number of terms in (2 ...
Quantum Correlations in Optical Angle–Orbital Angular Momentum
... possess additional hidden variables, or that quantum mechanics is nonlocal, in that measurement of the position or momentum of either particle results in an instantaneous uncertainty of the momentum or position, respectively, of both (2). In 1964, Bell deduced an inequality that distinguishes the pr ...
... possess additional hidden variables, or that quantum mechanics is nonlocal, in that measurement of the position or momentum of either particle results in an instantaneous uncertainty of the momentum or position, respectively, of both (2). In 1964, Bell deduced an inequality that distinguishes the pr ...
From Molecules to Cooper Pairs: Experiments in the BEC
... All particles can be classified into two types, bosons1 and fermions2 . In atomic gases the distinct quantum statistical description of these two classes of matter becomes apparent when the gas is cooled to such low temperatures that the quantum mechanical wave packets of the particles begin to over ...
... All particles can be classified into two types, bosons1 and fermions2 . In atomic gases the distinct quantum statistical description of these two classes of matter becomes apparent when the gas is cooled to such low temperatures that the quantum mechanical wave packets of the particles begin to over ...
2 Phase Diagram of 2DES on Liquid Helium
... through the excitation of normal modes in the radio frequency range 10 MHz-1GHz. The normal mode spectra are expected to undergo a radical change at the transition from liquid to crystal, the so-called Wigner transition. This difference is due to coupling between 2DES modes and those of liquid heliu ...
... through the excitation of normal modes in the radio frequency range 10 MHz-1GHz. The normal mode spectra are expected to undergo a radical change at the transition from liquid to crystal, the so-called Wigner transition. This difference is due to coupling between 2DES modes and those of liquid heliu ...
Statistical Physics - damtp
... A large part of this course will be devoted to figuring out the interesting things that happen when you throw 1023 particles together. One of the recurring themes will be that 1023 6= 1. More is different: there are key concepts that are not visible in the underlying laws of physics but emerge only ...
... A large part of this course will be devoted to figuring out the interesting things that happen when you throw 1023 particles together. One of the recurring themes will be that 1023 6= 1. More is different: there are key concepts that are not visible in the underlying laws of physics but emerge only ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.