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A new drain-current injection technique for the measurement of off
A new drain-current injection technique for the measurement of off

Photodiode Technical Information
Photodiode Technical Information

... the incident light intensity. As for the characteristics of Á and Â, if the photodiode terminals are shorted, a photocurrent Isc or Isc proportional to the light intensity will flow in the direction from the anode to the cathode. If the circuit is open, an open circuit voltage Voc or Voc’ will be ge ...
AP2331  0.2A SINGLE CHANNEL CURRENT-LIMITED LOAD SWITCH Description
AP2331 0.2A SINGLE CHANNEL CURRENT-LIMITED LOAD SWITCH Description

... systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-relate ...
MAX1758 Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch General Description
MAX1758 Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch General Description

... charger that charges one-to-four cells. It provides a regulated charging current accurate to ±10% and a regulated voltage with only a ±0.8% total voltage error at the battery terminals. The internal high-side switch delivers a programmable current of up to 1.5A to charge the battery. The built-in sa ...
SM 3300 - series SM 18-220 SM 66-AR-110 SM 100-AR-75
SM 3300 - series SM 18-220 SM 66-AR-110 SM 100-AR-75

Performance Optimization of Induction Motors During Voltage
Performance Optimization of Induction Motors During Voltage

Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

... improve the conversion efficiency, many efforts have been made on enhancing the performance of each single converter [11]–[18]. Especially, it is recognized that converter efficiency is relatively lower in light load conditions where more improvement are expected [15]–[17], [19]. Apart from improvin ...
LLC Resonant Converter for Front End DC/DC Conversion
LLC Resonant Converter for Front End DC/DC Conversion

... MOSFET as t3 and t6, the current is much smaller than load current, so we can reduce the turn off loss. Also, the secondary side diode current reduce to zero and stay off, the reverse recovery is eliminated also. So the switching loss in this circuit is very small, it means we can operate this conve ...
SLIM_5125_User_Handbook_G14217_1.0
SLIM_5125_User_Handbook_G14217_1.0

AP2552/ AP2553/ AP2552A/ AP2553A Description Pin Assignments
AP2552/ AP2553/ AP2552A/ AP2553A Description Pin Assignments

... Over-Current and Short-Circuit Protection An internal sensing FET is employed to check for over-current conditions. Unlike current-sense resistors, sense FETs do not increase the series resistance of the current path. When an overcurrent condition is detected, AP2552/53 maintains a constant output c ...
TPS75003 - Texas Instruments
TPS75003 - Texas Instruments

... supply up to 3A for both CORE and I/O rails. A low dropout linear regulator powers auxiliary rails up to 300mA. All channels have independent enable and soft-start, allowing control of inrush current and output voltage ramp time as required by the application. Figure 1 shows a typical application ci ...
High-Voltage, High-Current OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DESCRIPTION FEATURES
High-Voltage, High-Current OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DESCRIPTION FEATURES

... The OPA548 operates from single (+8V to +60V) or dual (±4V to ±30V) supplies with excellent performance. Most behavior remains unchanged throughout the full operating voltage range. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltage are shown in the typical characteristic curves. Some applic ...
Evaluates:  MAX5092B/92A/MAX5093B/93A MAX5092 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX5092B/92A/MAX5093B/93A MAX5092 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... switching diode (D1) connected between LX and BSOUT (Figure 2). Proper selection of an external diode can offer a lower forward-voltage drop and a higher reverse-voltage handling capability. Since the high-switching frequency of the IC demands a highspeed rectifier, Schottky diodes are recommended f ...
Voltage Divider Bias
Voltage Divider Bias

... • If IB is not small enough, resistance to ground from the base, RINbase is significant enough to consider in most cases. • In the case where base to ground resistance (input resistance) RINbase is low enough to consider, so RIN(base) = βDCRE • We can view the voltage at point A of the circuit in tw ...
Bipolar Transistor Epilayer Design Using the MAIDS Mixed-Level Simulator
Bipolar Transistor Epilayer Design Using the MAIDS Mixed-Level Simulator

... The program structure has been optimized for speed during transient and harmonic balance simulations by using the previous solution as a starting guess. This approach is very robust for small voltage steps; when the voltage steps become too large, intermediate voltage steps are used. The circuit sim ...
LTM8022 - 1A, 36V DC/DC uModule
LTM8022 - 1A, 36V DC/DC uModule

... reducing the input current to less than 1μA. To further optimize efficiency, the LTM8022 automatically switches to Burst Mode operation in light load situations. Between bursts, all circuitry associated with controlling the output switch is shut down reducing the input supply current to 50μA in a typ ...
1.5-A, Low-Voltage LDO Regulator with Dual Input Voltages (Rev. C)
1.5-A, Low-Voltage LDO Regulator with Dual Input Voltages (Rev. C)

... The TPS740xx belongs to a family of low dropout (LDO) regulators. These regulators use a low-current bias input to power all internal control circuitry, allowing the NMOS-pass transistor to regulate very low input and output voltages. The use of an NMOS-pass FET offers several critical advantages fo ...
Technical Information Generator
Technical Information Generator

... Don’t disconnect, fit or short circuit terminals when the engine is running and the generator working (voltage spikes lead to damage). Don’t measure voltage and electrical current by short circuit (voltage spike), use a volt and ammeter. ...
MAX1774 Dual, High-Efficiency, Step-Down Converter with Backup Battery Switchover General Description
MAX1774 Dual, High-Efficiency, Step-Down Converter with Backup Battery Switchover General Description

... Converter with Backup Battery Switchover (Figure 1, VIN = VINS = +12V, VINC = VCS- = VCS+ = +3.3V, VCORE = +1.8V, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
PowerPoint-Präsentation

... messages, also for further processing within the device or the control system  Device-internal fault logging with time stamp  Time stamp marking of individually selectable status, warning and fault messages  Value of the last tripping current  Checkback faults (e.g. no current flow in the main c ...
AAT4672 数据资料DataSheet下载
AAT4672 数据资料DataSheet下载

... and MAIN pin voltage is greater than the AUX pin voltage plus 200mV. The AUX pin connects to the OUT pin only when the MAIN pin voltage drops 0.2V below the AUX pin voltage and the AUX pin voltage is greater than the UVLO threshold. If both input supplies (MAIN/AUX) are below the UVLO threshold, the ...
Active Loads
Active Loads

UCC281-5 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
UCC281-5 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... For the fixed Voltage versions the resistive divider is internally set, and the VOUTS pin should be connected to the VOUT pin. The maximum programmed output voltage for the adjustable part is constrained by the 9V absolute rating of the IC (including the charge pump voltage) and its ability to enhan ...
Switch Ratings, What`s it all Mean?
Switch Ratings, What`s it all Mean?

... Picked up a copy of the Oct 97 issue of Van's Air Force and read an article on switch selection that makes some good points but arrives at the wrong conclusion. The author was privileged to observe some work done at UL Laboratories on switches and expressed some concern for builder naivety with resp ...
Hyfrecator Manual
Hyfrecator Manual

... When used, the neutral electrode (patient plate) should be reliably attached with the entire surface area in contact with the patient’s body and as close to the operating field as possible. When not in use, the neutral electrode should be disconnected from the Hyfrecator® 2000 to avoid accidental bu ...
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Electrical substation



A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.
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