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Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
... How does diraction aect the detail that can be observed when light passes through an aperture? Figure 1(b) shows the diraction pattern produced by two point light sources that are close to one another. The pattern is similar to that for a single point source, and it is just barely possible to tel ...
... How does diraction aect the detail that can be observed when light passes through an aperture? Figure 1(b) shows the diraction pattern produced by two point light sources that are close to one another. The pattern is similar to that for a single point source, and it is just barely possible to tel ...
Chapter 4
... • Note: Pupil size change accounts for adaptation by a factor of 15 only! Light intensity can change by a factor of 10,000 or more. Where does the rest of the adaptation come from? ...
... • Note: Pupil size change accounts for adaptation by a factor of 15 only! Light intensity can change by a factor of 10,000 or more. Where does the rest of the adaptation come from? ...
Transmission of Light Through Small Elliptical Apertures (Part 1)
... sions comparable to or smaller than a interrupted; they can go around in loops wavelength.2,3 For example, transmisor they can form unbroken infinite lines, sion through two small adjacent aperbut they cannot originate, nor can they tures cannot be treated by assuming that terminate, at specific poi ...
... sions comparable to or smaller than a interrupted; they can go around in loops wavelength.2,3 For example, transmisor they can form unbroken infinite lines, sion through two small adjacent aperbut they cannot originate, nor can they tures cannot be treated by assuming that terminate, at specific poi ...
5.2 Optical Instruments Optical systems Camera Limitations of Lens
... • For refracting optics there are problems of chromatic and spherical aberration. • Problems in precision in constructing the refracting and reflecting surfaces. • Diffraction – A basic problems having to do with the wave nature of light (discussed next) ...
... • For refracting optics there are problems of chromatic and spherical aberration. • Problems in precision in constructing the refracting and reflecting surfaces. • Diffraction – A basic problems having to do with the wave nature of light (discussed next) ...
Imaging
... object, 50cm away, on a sensor measuring 10mm across. The magnification factor we require is ...
... object, 50cm away, on a sensor measuring 10mm across. The magnification factor we require is ...
Aperture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apertures.jpg?width=300)
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. The aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plane. If an aperture is narrow, then highly collimated rays are admitted, resulting in a sharp focus at the image plane. If an aperture is wide, then uncollimated rays are admitted, resulting in a sharp focus only for rays with a certain focal length. This means that a wide aperture results in an image that is sharp for things at the correct distance. The aperture also determines how many of the incoming rays are actually admitted and thus how much light reaches the image plane (the narrower the aperture, the darker the image for a given exposure time). In the human eye, the pupil is the aperture.An optical system typically has many openings, or structures that limit the ray bundles (ray bundles are also known as pencils of light). These structures may be the edge of a lens or mirror, or a ring or other fixture that holds an optical element in place, or may be a special element such as a diaphragm placed in the optical path to limit the light admitted by the system. In general, these structures are called stops, and the aperture stop is the stop that determines the ray cone angle, or equivalently the brightness, at an image point.In some contexts, especially in photography and astronomy, aperture refers to the diameter of the aperture stop rather than the physical stop or the opening itself. For example, in a telescope the aperture stop is typically the edges of the objective lens or mirror (or of the mount that holds it). One then speaks of a telescope as having, for example, a 100 centimeter aperture. Note that the aperture stop is not necessarily the smallest stop in the system. Magnification and demagnification by lenses and other elements can cause a relatively large stop to be the aperture stop for the system.Sometimes stops and diaphragms are called apertures, even when they are not the aperture stop of the system.The word aperture is also used in other contexts to indicate a system which blocks off light outside a certain region. In astronomy for example, a photometric aperture around a star usually corresponds to a circular window around the image of a star within which the light intensity is assumed.