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Sample Question Paper Class XII -Physics (Applicable for March
Sample Question Paper Class XII -Physics (Applicable for March

... of incidence ‘i’ for a monochromatic ray of light passing through a glass prism of refracting angle ‘A’. What do you interpret from the graph? Write a relation showing the dependence of angle of deviation on angle of incidence and hence derive the expression for refractive index of the prism. ...
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...  In a nutshell , optical tweezers all ow us the abili ty to remotely control matter with the use of lasers.  The idea of moving matter with li ght is not new. Johannes Kepler observed that the tail s of comets were always pointing away from the Sun. Kepler knew that the Sun had to be exerting some ...
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Microsoft Word Format - University of Toronto Physics

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Cross section (physics)



The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made of discrete particles. The cross section of a particle is the same as the cross section of a hard object, if the probabilities of hitting them with a ray are the same. It is typically denoted σ and measured in units of area.In scattering experiments, one is often interested in knowing how likely a given event occurs. However, the rate depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, or the area of overlap between the beam and the target material. To control for these mundane differences, one can factor out these variables, resulting in an area-like quantity known as the cross section.
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