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TK_LV_NExT
TK_LV_NExT

Physics of the Large Hadron Collider Lecture 1: Fundamentals of the
Physics of the Large Hadron Collider Lecture 1: Fundamentals of the

Slides
Slides

General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology
General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology

Beyond the Standard Model
Beyond the Standard Model

The Einstein–Vlasov System/Kinetic Theory H˚ akan Andr´ easson
The Einstein–Vlasov System/Kinetic Theory H˚ akan Andr´ easson

Ecole Doctorale de Physique et de Chimie Physique
Ecole Doctorale de Physique et de Chimie Physique

Effective Field Theory
Effective Field Theory

... low-energy physics, where low is defined with respect to some energy scale Λ. They only take explicitly into account the relevant degrees of freedom, i.e. those states with m ≪ Λ, while the heavier excitations with M ≫ Λ are integrated out from the action. One gets in this way a string of nonrenorma ...
Gravitational Lensing with a Large Deflection Angle as a Probe of
Gravitational Lensing with a Large Deflection Angle as a Probe of

... black hole to loop around it several times before reaching the observer. We move on to discuss recent developments in the study of ``braneworld" models which present an interesting framework for the effect of extra dimensions on gravity. We also discuss several potential black hole metrics in the Ra ...
Mass hierarchy and physics beyond the Standard Theory
Mass hierarchy and physics beyond the Standard Theory

Modelling of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data Lars Ole Løseth
Modelling of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data Lars Ole Løseth

ThesisBertVercnocke Cover - Departement Natuurkunde en
ThesisBertVercnocke Cover - Departement Natuurkunde en

Phase transition in gauge theories, monopoles and the Multiple
Phase transition in gauge theories, monopoles and the Multiple

Renormalization group and the Planck scale
Renormalization group and the Planck scale

... background field formalism is used by adding a non-propagating background field ḡmn [21,30,32–34]. This way, the extended effective action Gk [gmn , ḡmn ] becomes gauge-invariant under the combined symmetry transformations of the physical and the background field. A second benefit of this is that the ...
Physics - Courses A.Y. 2007/2008 FIS/05 n.d. 2 Code Credits Field
Physics - Courses A.Y. 2007/2008 FIS/05 n.d. 2 Code Credits Field

Applications of perturbation theory in black hole physics Paolo Pani
Applications of perturbation theory in black hole physics Paolo Pani

Applications of perturbation theory in black hole physics Paolo Pani
Applications of perturbation theory in black hole physics Paolo Pani

Classical Electromagnetism
Classical Electromagnetism

... is the magnetic permeability of free space. As is well known, Equation (1.1) is equivalent to Coulomb’s law (for the electric fields generated by point charges), Equation (1.2) is equivalent to the statement that magnetic monopoles do not exist (which implies that magnetic field-lines can never begi ...
a 1 - SMU Physics
a 1 - SMU Physics

... Theoretical Advances In QCD a quark's effective mass depends on its momentum. The function describing this can be calculated and is depicted here. Numerical simulations of lattice QCD (data, at two different bare masses) have confirmed model predictions (solid curves) that the vast bulk of the const ...
Foundations of nonlinear gyrokinetic theory - Academics
Foundations of nonlinear gyrokinetic theory - Academics

Strong Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
Strong Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

Time-asymptotic wave propagation in collisionless plasmas
Time-asymptotic wave propagation in collisionless plasmas

Collected Scientific Papers - SN Bose National Centre for Basic
Collected Scientific Papers - SN Bose National Centre for Basic

... implication of strict identity of photons? In what sense and to what extent can we think of light a s a collection of photons? All these questions were answered a t one stroke by Bose, who asked us to consider the many-photon states to be counted as states with equal probability. Photons were thus p ...
Thermal Brane Probes
Thermal Brane Probes

Widening the Axion Window via Kinetic and Stückelberg Mixings
Widening the Axion Window via Kinetic and Stückelberg Mixings

... determined by the kinetic terms, Gij . The matrix f αβ encodes the coupling constants of and possible mixing among the Uð1Þ gauge symmetries with gauge potential Aα and field strength Fα . GA denotes the field strength of the strongly coupled non-Abelian gauge groups that generate instanton potentia ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 23 >

Kaluza–Klein theory

In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism built around the idea of a fifth dimension beyond the usual four of space and time. It is considered to be an important precursor to string theory.The five-dimensional theory was developed in three steps. The original hypothesis came from Theodor Kaluza, who sent his results to Einstein in 1919, and published them in 1921. Kaluza's theory was a purely classical extension of general relativity to five dimensions. The 5-dimensional metric has 15 components. Ten components are identified with the 4-dimensional spacetime metric, 4 components with the electromagnetic vector potential, and one component with an unidentified scalar field sometimes called the ""radion"" or the ""dilaton"". Correspondingly, the 5-dimensional Einstein equations yield the 4-dimensional Einstein field equations, the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic field, and an equation for the scalar field. Kaluza also introduced the hypothesis known as the ""cylinder condition"", that no component of the 5-dimensional metric depends on the fifth dimension. Without this assumption, the field equations of 5-dimensional relativity are enormously more complex. Standard 4-dimensional physics seems to manifest the cylinder condition. Kaluza also set the scalar field equal to a constant, in which case standard general relativity and electrodynamics are recovered identically.In 1926, Oskar Klein gave Kaluza's classical 5-dimensional theory a quantum interpretation, to accord with the then-recent discoveries of Heisenberg and Schrödinger. Klein introduced the hypothesis that the fifth dimension was curled up and microscopic, to explain the cylinder condition. Klein also calculated a scale for the fifth dimension based on the quantum of charge.It wasn't until the 1940s that the classical theory was completed, and the full field equations including the scalar field were obtained by three independent research groups:Thiry, working in France on his dissertation under Lichnerowicz; Jordan, Ludwig, and Müller in Germany, with critical input from Pauli and Fierz; and Scherrer working alone in Switzerland. Jordan's work led to the scalar-tensor theory of Brans & Dicke; Brans and Dicke were apparently unaware of Thiry or Scherrer. The full Kaluza equations under the cylinder condition are quite complex, and most English-language reviews as well as the English translations of Thiry contain some errors. The complete Kaluza equations were recently evaluated using tensor algebra software.
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