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Auditory Imagery: Empirical Findings
Auditory Imagery: Empirical Findings

... with several potential starting pitches, one of which was their previously indicated preferred pitch. They rated how acceptable each of those pitches was as a starting pitch for that melody. Interestingly, pitches that were a specific musical interval (i.e., major third, perfect fifth) away from the ...
Can Duchenne Smiles Be Feigned? New Evidence on Felt and
Can Duchenne Smiles Be Feigned? New Evidence on Felt and

PhD Thesis
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... virtual characters in pedagogical contexts with respect to ‘static visual characteristics’, i.e. underlying visual characteristics. On the basis of theoretical considerations as well as several empirical studies, it is argued that users’ visual and aesthetic experience of embodied pedagogical charac ...
Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before
Motor imagery and higher-level cognition: four hurdles before

... Belardinelli et al. 2009; Palmiero et al. 2009). As some individuals are better at motor imagery than others, it is possible that these differences in ability will also interact with effects of motor imagery on other cognitive tasks. Additionally, numerous studies have found athletes to be significa ...
Mental Simulation and Meaning in Life
Mental Simulation and Meaning in Life

... may actually stem from the same psychological process: simulation. Simulation—also known as self-projection—involves mentally transcending the “here-and-now” to occupy psychologically a different time (past or future), a different place, a different person’s subjective experience, or a hypothetical ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn

... was the largest class of the recorded neurons (43, almost half of the goal-directed neurons). These neurons have been further differentiated according to their different firing properties in relation to different types of grip: 25 of them fired during precision grip (grasping performed by the index ...


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Tom Gilovich, Dacher Keltner, Richard E. Nisbett-Social

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Rapid induction of false memory for pictures

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Artificial Intelligence, Figurative Language and Cognitive Linguistics
Artificial Intelligence, Figurative Language and Cognitive Linguistics

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A Computational Foundation for the Study of Cognition
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a full bladder is sometimes a boon
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Sample chapter - Computer Science and Software Engineering
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thinking chickens
thinking chickens

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Implicit Attitudes Toward Elderly Women and Men.
Implicit Attitudes Toward Elderly Women and Men.

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Telling Jokes That Disparage Social Groups
Telling Jokes That Disparage Social Groups

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Humphreys (1939b) revisited: Is there a “verbal” PREE?
Humphreys (1939b) revisited: Is there a “verbal” PREE?

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Unfixed Resources: Perceived Costs, Consumption, and the
Unfixed Resources: Perceived Costs, Consumption, and the

... paying with cash. These results are attributed, at least in part, to the decoupling, with a credit card, of a purchase and its drain on one’s financial resources, thereby making the subjective costs of credit purchases appear to be less “painful” than cash purchases (Gourville and Soman 1998; Soman ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains

... usually have the advantage of being more general and of offering more predictions than the explanations provided at a higher functional level. The third type of constraints (“embodiment” constraints) are in line with embodied cognitive science and the simulation of adaptive behaviour approaches (Mey ...
Anticipatory looks reveal expectations about discourse relations H
Anticipatory looks reveal expectations about discourse relations H

... coherence-biasing cue (a connective) and measure participants’ anticipatory looks to the cause/consequence locations prior to a continuation sentence. Similarly, Experiment 2 uses passages that establish either a cause relation as in Experiment 1 or an occasion relation, which requires the identific ...
Correspondence Bias in Performance Evaluation
Correspondence Bias in Performance Evaluation

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Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative
Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative

... one of the three experimental groups (n 5 20 for each group). Materials. The eight AB pairs used in this experiment were composed of one Armenian letter and one syllable. The Armenian letters were selected from the Armenian alphabet in such a way as to be as different as possible from one another an ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the

... emotional intensity of the images relative to when participants did not have to maintain their emotional states. This finding prompts an alternative, ‘active maintenance’ hypothesis that people do not maintain their emotional states via a passive maintenance of initial emotional responses, but rathe ...
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Embodied cognition

In philosophy, embodied cognition holds that an agent's cognition is strongly influenced by aspects of an agent's body beyond the brain itself. In their proposal for an enactive approach to cognition Varela et al. defined ""embodied"":""By using the term embodied we mean to highlight two points: first that cognition depends upon the kinds of experience that come from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities, and second, that these individual sensorimotor capacities are themselves embedded in a more encompassing biological, psychological and cultural context.""— Eleanor Rosch, Evan Thompson, Francisco J. Varela: The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience pages 172-173The Varela enactive definition is broad enough to overlap the views of extended cognition and situated cognition, and indeed, these ideas are not always carefully separated. For example, according to Michael Dawson, the relationship is tangled:""In viewing cognition as embedded or situated, embodied cognitive science emphasizes feedback between an agent and the world. We have seen that this feedback is structured by the nature of an agent's body...This in turn suggests that agents with different kinds of bodies can be differentiated in terms of degrees of embodiment...Embodiment can be defined as the extent to which an agent can alter its environment."" [Citations have been omitted]— Michael Dawson: Degrees of embodiment; The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition, page 62Some authors describe the dependence of cognition upon the body and its interactions with the environment by saying cognition in real biological systems is not an end in itself but is constrained by the system's goals and capacities. However, they argue, such constraints do not mean cognition is set by adaptive behavior (or autopoiesis) alone, but cognition requires “some kind of information processing...the transformation or communication of incoming information”, the acquiring of which involves ""exploration and modification of the environment"".""It would be a mistake, however, to suppose that cognition consists simply of building maximally accurate representations of input information...the gaining of knowledge is a stepping stone to achieving the more immediate goal of guiding behavior in response to the system's changing surroundings.""— Marcin Milkowski: Explaining the Computational Mind, p. 4Philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and artificial intelligence researchers who study embodied cognition and the embodied mind argue that all aspects of cognition are shaped by aspects of the body. The aspects of cognition include high level mental constructs (such as concepts and categories) and human performance on various cognitive tasks (such as reasoning or judgment). The aspects of the body include the motor system, the perceptual system, the body's interactions with the environment (situatedness) and the ontological assumptions about the world that are built into the body and the brain.Work on the embodiment of cognition challenges other theories from cognitive science, such as cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism. The idea has roots in Kant and 20th century continental philosophers (such as Merleau-Ponty). The modern version depends on insights drawn from recent research in psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, dynamical systems, artificial intelligence, robotics and neurobiology.
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