• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Number and Size Matter: Discrete versus continuous
Number and Size Matter: Discrete versus continuous

... three clouds), whereas mass nouns are preceded by continuous quantifiers and no plural marking (e.g., much dough). The distinction is conceptual and is used to mark both concrete and abstract nouns; however, among the common words learned by children prior to 3 years of age, the vast majority of cou ...
the multiple functions of sensory
the multiple functions of sensory

... of “simulationist” theories of cognition, stimulated in part by the discovery of mirror neurons (for a review of the empirical evidence, see Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2001). Theories of this type assume that perceptual and conceptual processing is dependent on the reactivation of sensorymotor ...
CUUS366-02 clean wjc
CUUS366-02 clean wjc

... processes are causally both social and neural. A person is obviously part of society, but causal effects in learning processes may be understood as bidirectional (Roschelle & Clancey, 1992). Systems thinking also views the parts from different disciplinary viewpoints. For example, when building a hi ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied

... humans are able to understand the behaviour of others in terms of their mental states—intentions, beliefs and desires—by exploiting what is commonly designated as ‘folk psychology’. According to a widely shared view, non-human primates, including apes, do not rely on mentally based accounts of each ...
AMAM Conference 2005
AMAM Conference 2005

... Synthetic Methology: Understanding intelligent behavior by building Concentrate on complete autonomous robots ...
Sentences comprehension and action: Modulation in function of the
Sentences comprehension and action: Modulation in function of the

... process takes place because we recorded reaction times after the appearance of the noun. Namely, the motor resonance effect could occur either during sentence comprehension or after the sentence has been understood in order to prepare for action. Data from Borreggine and Kaschak (in press) suggest t ...
Topic 1 - Social Sciences
Topic 1 - Social Sciences

... If the researcher already has a hunch about something, or wants to test an idea, they should create a hypothesis. This is simply a statement that can be tested. It is a prediction of what the research will find. For example: “students who study sociology watch the news more often than students who d ...
Affective Computing
Affective Computing

... • Affective states can be induced by non-cognitive and non-perceptual procedures – Drugs, hormones – Facial action such as smiling (Ekman et al) ...
Embodied artificial intelligence
Embodied artificial intelligence

... But this isn’t in itself devastating;11 it only becomes so if it is promoted to something like “SMPA will always get the dynamics wrong”, or, equivalently, “SMPA can never get the dynamics right”. Why might we think that is the case? Complexity. In a real-world situation, there are just too many var ...
Psychology 100.18
Psychology 100.18

... > The wording of question in conjunction with the background context can influence the decision. > Both of the previous plans were rejected, consider the following:  If Plan C is adopted, 400 people will die.  If Plan D is adopted, there is one-third probability that nobody will die, and a two-thi ...
MIRROR NEURONS AND ART
MIRROR NEURONS AND ART

... Mirror neurons and art The significance of the discovery of mirror neurons for the understanding of responses to art has not yet been fully assessed. In a paper I recently coauthored with the art historian David Freedberg, we argued against the primacy of cognition in our responses to art (Gallese a ...
Studying society - Social Sciences
Studying society - Social Sciences

... If the researcher already has a hunch about something, or wants to test an idea, they should create a hypothesis. This is simply a statement that can be tested. It is a prediction of what the research will find. For example: “students who study sociology watch the news more often than students who d ...
Multiple Workspaces as an Architecture for Cognition
Multiple Workspaces as an Architecture for Cognition

... evidence from biology on architectures for cognition. In this paper we suggest that there is much to be gained from ideas flowing in the opposite direction; that past and current ideas from engineering intelligent robots have much to teach us about cognition in nature. A weaker statement is that, at ...
An Introduction on Cognition System Design
An Introduction on Cognition System Design

... the intelligence features of the human being and for that is important to understand what means to copy .To copy in an ontic sense is the operation in which the original is transposed with approximation into a product. Then, when I copy, I don’t claim to perform an identical, but only to transpose c ...
Memory, Concepts, and Mental Representations
Memory, Concepts, and Mental Representations

... “The missionary shot the painter” “The painter got shot by the missionary” “The painter shot the missionary” “The missionary got shot by the painter” ...
subjective beings with mental states
subjective beings with mental states

... person perspective as another means of gathering evidence: collecting data using introspection or self-report. In the 2nd person perspective, the other person is viewed as a subject rather than an object, as someone who has mental states. This perspective is less well established in psychological sc ...
Significant Mirrorings in the Process of Teaching and Learning
Significant Mirrorings in the Process of Teaching and Learning

... the re-use of processes that already exist for another purpose, namely would descend from the processes that map the relationships of purpose with the world. Therefore, while until a few years ago the motor system was considered as a simple movements controller/performer, currently the experimental ...
Modeling Emotion as an Interaction between
Modeling Emotion as an Interaction between

... 2. Motivation in MicroPsi: Generating Relevance In my view, emotion cannot be modeled as an isolated component—it is always part of a larger cognitive architecture, including a motivational system that may attach relevance to cognitive content. Desires and fears, affective reflexes and mood changes ...
Cognitive Science: Emerging Perspectives and Approaches
Cognitive Science: Emerging Perspectives and Approaches

... outputs and a fixed neural architecture. Mostly low-level processes are modular and highlevel processes like memory are not modular. Pylyshyn (1999) has emphasized that the most important aspect of a module is encapsulation i.e., the processes inside a module are not subject to cognitive influences ...
From Reaction To Cognition: 5th European Workshop On Modelling
From Reaction To Cognition: 5th European Workshop On Modelling

... Agents in a Multi-Agent World, MAAMAW '93, Neuchatel, Switzerland, August ... / Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence) online either downloading. Withal, on our website you may reading manuals and other artistic eBooks online, either load them. We will draw attention what our site does not store ...
Document
Document

... very particular events in evolution by which brains worked out that special trick that enabled them to add to the scheme of things: color, sound, pain, pleasure, and all the facets of mental experience.” ...
The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science: A review essay of
The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science: A review essay of

... to cognition is presented. In terms of its explanatory value, this chapter is the high-water mark of the book, at least for non-specialists. This first chapter includes a detailed description of the inadequacies of the PSSH. Most of these criticisms can be found, in one form or another, in the early ...
Cognition in Plants
Cognition in Plants

... In recent years, the issue of plant intelligence or cognition and even ‘plant neurobiology’ has become a lively debate among plant scientists (e.g. Alpi et al. 2007; Barlow, 2008; Firn 2004; Trewavas 2003, 2005; see also Calvo 2007, and references therein). So far, this debate has gone unheeded with ...
An Overview of the Assisted Cognition Project
An Overview of the Assisted Cognition Project

... coined the name “Assisted Cognition” for new synthesis of AI and ubiquitious computing technology designed to help people with the cognitive limitations associated with Alzheimer’s disease and similar conditions. With physical limitations it is obvious that an individual’s level of function is deter ...
The Synergy between Bioinformatics and Cognitive Informatics
The Synergy between Bioinformatics and Cognitive Informatics

... The concept of cognition is closely related to such abstract concepts as mind, reasoning, perception, intelligence, learning, and many others that describe numerous capabilities of the human mind and expected properties of artificial or synthetic intelligence. Cognition or cognitive processes can be ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >

Embodied cognition

In philosophy, embodied cognition holds that an agent's cognition is strongly influenced by aspects of an agent's body beyond the brain itself. In their proposal for an enactive approach to cognition Varela et al. defined ""embodied"":""By using the term embodied we mean to highlight two points: first that cognition depends upon the kinds of experience that come from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities, and second, that these individual sensorimotor capacities are themselves embedded in a more encompassing biological, psychological and cultural context.""— Eleanor Rosch, Evan Thompson, Francisco J. Varela: The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience pages 172-173The Varela enactive definition is broad enough to overlap the views of extended cognition and situated cognition, and indeed, these ideas are not always carefully separated. For example, according to Michael Dawson, the relationship is tangled:""In viewing cognition as embedded or situated, embodied cognitive science emphasizes feedback between an agent and the world. We have seen that this feedback is structured by the nature of an agent's body...This in turn suggests that agents with different kinds of bodies can be differentiated in terms of degrees of embodiment...Embodiment can be defined as the extent to which an agent can alter its environment."" [Citations have been omitted]— Michael Dawson: Degrees of embodiment; The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition, page 62Some authors describe the dependence of cognition upon the body and its interactions with the environment by saying cognition in real biological systems is not an end in itself but is constrained by the system's goals and capacities. However, they argue, such constraints do not mean cognition is set by adaptive behavior (or autopoiesis) alone, but cognition requires “some kind of information processing...the transformation or communication of incoming information”, the acquiring of which involves ""exploration and modification of the environment"".""It would be a mistake, however, to suppose that cognition consists simply of building maximally accurate representations of input information...the gaining of knowledge is a stepping stone to achieving the more immediate goal of guiding behavior in response to the system's changing surroundings.""— Marcin Milkowski: Explaining the Computational Mind, p. 4Philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and artificial intelligence researchers who study embodied cognition and the embodied mind argue that all aspects of cognition are shaped by aspects of the body. The aspects of cognition include high level mental constructs (such as concepts and categories) and human performance on various cognitive tasks (such as reasoning or judgment). The aspects of the body include the motor system, the perceptual system, the body's interactions with the environment (situatedness) and the ontological assumptions about the world that are built into the body and the brain.Work on the embodiment of cognition challenges other theories from cognitive science, such as cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism. The idea has roots in Kant and 20th century continental philosophers (such as Merleau-Ponty). The modern version depends on insights drawn from recent research in psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, dynamical systems, artificial intelligence, robotics and neurobiology.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report