AP Biology Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Plants
... minerals, is transported from roots to leaves by bulk flow • The transport of xylem sap involves ________________, the evaporation of water from a plant’s surface • Transpired water is ______________as water travels up from the roots • Is sap pushed up from the roots, or pulled up by the leaves? © 2 ...
... minerals, is transported from roots to leaves by bulk flow • The transport of xylem sap involves ________________, the evaporation of water from a plant’s surface • Transpired water is ______________as water travels up from the roots • Is sap pushed up from the roots, or pulled up by the leaves? © 2 ...
... postsynaptic “surfaces of separation” partition certain functions in the lateral plane of the membranes, such that complex microdomains (19 –21) are formed around a central “active zone” for secretory communication (Fig. 2A). The configuration of these microdomains may change in response to synaptic ...
Mechanisms and cellular roles of local protein synthesis in mammalian cells
... sequences interact with subsets of RNA-binding proteins, forming a localizing ribonucleo-protein (L-RNP) complex. The L-RNP localizes through interactions with cytoskeletal elements either directly or indirectly. Therefore, in addition to carrying the information required for protein synthesis, an m ...
... sequences interact with subsets of RNA-binding proteins, forming a localizing ribonucleo-protein (L-RNP) complex. The L-RNP localizes through interactions with cytoskeletal elements either directly or indirectly. Therefore, in addition to carrying the information required for protein synthesis, an m ...
Mader 11 ch 4 Cell Structure and Function
... 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells • Typical cell is fluid filled and membrane bound • Fluid inside cell = cytoplasm • Structures within cytoplasm = organelles ...
... 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells • Typical cell is fluid filled and membrane bound • Fluid inside cell = cytoplasm • Structures within cytoplasm = organelles ...
Coordination between Cell Growth and Cell Cycle Transit in Animal
... therefore of particular interest in tumor biology research. Studies of the molecular basis of these growth control events in G 1 would be facilitated if such studies could focus on a defined and very limited stage within G 1 that is of particular importance for the specific G O arrest. To search for ...
... therefore of particular interest in tumor biology research. Studies of the molecular basis of these growth control events in G 1 would be facilitated if such studies could focus on a defined and very limited stage within G 1 that is of particular importance for the specific G O arrest. To search for ...
Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin
... proteins for degradation by the 26S-proteasome. In fact, monoubiquitination rather modulates growth factor endocytosis, PCNA activity during DNA-repair, and is involved in chromatin modification during the S phase.6 Once covalently linked to its protein target, a Ub can accept another Ub in seven ly ...
... proteins for degradation by the 26S-proteasome. In fact, monoubiquitination rather modulates growth factor endocytosis, PCNA activity during DNA-repair, and is involved in chromatin modification during the S phase.6 Once covalently linked to its protein target, a Ub can accept another Ub in seven ly ...
Universal Quantifier Derived from AFM Analysis Links Cellular
... of both the particle and the collector according to Derjaguin− Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO) theory.17−21 Despite the improvement, bacterial deposition is often observed even when the estimated electrostatic repulsion between the interacting surfaces produces a seemingly insurmountable potential ene ...
... of both the particle and the collector according to Derjaguin− Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO) theory.17−21 Despite the improvement, bacterial deposition is often observed even when the estimated electrostatic repulsion between the interacting surfaces produces a seemingly insurmountable potential ene ...
Novel plasmodesmata association of dehydrin
... immuno-screened with the anti-24-kDa protein immune serum identified a novel YnSKn class of dehydrin-like proteins (Karlson 2001, Sarnighausen et al. 2003). The deduced amino acid sequences from these cDNAs contained no extracellular signal peptides, as would be expected for cell wall proteins, and ...
... immuno-screened with the anti-24-kDa protein immune serum identified a novel YnSKn class of dehydrin-like proteins (Karlson 2001, Sarnighausen et al. 2003). The deduced amino acid sequences from these cDNAs contained no extracellular signal peptides, as would be expected for cell wall proteins, and ...
Gibberellin-Induced α
... XET has the potential to cause molecular rearrangements in the cell wall matrix that could promote wall extension. Auxin-induced growth is not associated with an increase in XET activity. Thus the effect is specific for gibberellins. One possibility is that XET facilitates the penetration of expansi ...
... XET has the potential to cause molecular rearrangements in the cell wall matrix that could promote wall extension. Auxin-induced growth is not associated with an increase in XET activity. Thus the effect is specific for gibberellins. One possibility is that XET facilitates the penetration of expansi ...
Transport of primary metabolites across the plant vacuolar membrane
... in yeast, are located in the plant tonoplast [43] (Fig. 1). This location has been substantiated by two approaches: Firstly, corresponding HvSUT4- and AtSUT4-GFP constructs, transiently expressed in either Arabidopsis- or onion cells, clearly decorate the tonoplast and not the plasma membrane [43]. ...
... in yeast, are located in the plant tonoplast [43] (Fig. 1). This location has been substantiated by two approaches: Firstly, corresponding HvSUT4- and AtSUT4-GFP constructs, transiently expressed in either Arabidopsis- or onion cells, clearly decorate the tonoplast and not the plasma membrane [43]. ...
What`s New in the Plant Cell Cycle?
... The major phase transitions of the cell cycle, G1/S and G2/M, are driven by cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Currently 152 CDKS have been identified from 41 plant species (Dudits et al. 2007). In animals, CDKs are numbered whilst plant CDKs are suffixed by Arabic letters in seven classes (A ...
... The major phase transitions of the cell cycle, G1/S and G2/M, are driven by cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Currently 152 CDKS have been identified from 41 plant species (Dudits et al. 2007). In animals, CDKs are numbered whilst plant CDKs are suffixed by Arabic letters in seven classes (A ...
What`s New in the Plant Cell Cycle?
... The major phase transitions of the cell cycle, G1/S and G2/M, are driven by cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Currently 152 CDKS have been identified from 41 plant species (Dudits et al. 2007). In animals, CDKs are numbered whilst plant CDKs are suffixed by Arabic letters in seven classes (A ...
... The major phase transitions of the cell cycle, G1/S and G2/M, are driven by cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Currently 152 CDKS have been identified from 41 plant species (Dudits et al. 2007). In animals, CDKs are numbered whilst plant CDKs are suffixed by Arabic letters in seven classes (A ...
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
... and large enough, certain proteins will stimulate the cell to be begin synthesis or the S phase. During the S phase, the cell will copy its DNA. If conditions are not favorable, cells can typically stop the cell cycle at this checkpoint. The cell cycle will also stop at this checkpoint if the cell n ...
... and large enough, certain proteins will stimulate the cell to be begin synthesis or the S phase. During the S phase, the cell will copy its DNA. If conditions are not favorable, cells can typically stop the cell cycle at this checkpoint. The cell cycle will also stop at this checkpoint if the cell n ...
Lamin proteins form an internal nucleoskeleton as well as a
... skeleton is associated with the residual ~10% chromatin, dense structures that are the sites of replication and probably sites involved in the transcription and processing of RNA (e.g. Hozák et al., 1993, 1994; Cook, 1994); therefore it is a very complex and ill-defined structure that is best descri ...
... skeleton is associated with the residual ~10% chromatin, dense structures that are the sites of replication and probably sites involved in the transcription and processing of RNA (e.g. Hozák et al., 1993, 1994; Cook, 1994); therefore it is a very complex and ill-defined structure that is best descri ...
RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies
... Chujo et al., 2015; Caudron-Herger et al., 2015), and it has been assumed that RNA molecules can seed the biogenesis of NBs. Proteins can also act as seeding molecules, as demonstrated for PML bodies (Kaiser et al., 2008; Mao et al., 2011a). Recently, phase separation of disordered proteins was show ...
... Chujo et al., 2015; Caudron-Herger et al., 2015), and it has been assumed that RNA molecules can seed the biogenesis of NBs. Proteins can also act as seeding molecules, as demonstrated for PML bodies (Kaiser et al., 2008; Mao et al., 2011a). Recently, phase separation of disordered proteins was show ...
Peterson et al., PNAS, 2000 - Randall T. Peterson Lab
... small molecules especially useful tools for studying processes like development in which the timing of protein function is critical. Currently, systematic methods for identifying small molecules that alter specific developmental processes are limited, so the number of useful, small molecule developm ...
... small molecules especially useful tools for studying processes like development in which the timing of protein function is critical. Currently, systematic methods for identifying small molecules that alter specific developmental processes are limited, so the number of useful, small molecule developm ...
4-1
... allows the molecule to be shifted from one side of the membrane to the other. Ion channels: Do not really attach to the molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... allows the molecule to be shifted from one side of the membrane to the other. Ion channels: Do not really attach to the molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
PDF - Walter Lab
... during labelling (Fig. 3a, t ¼ 0), we observed FM4-64 staining of only the plasma membrane. When endocytosis was blocked after a 20-s incubation at room temperature, the dye concentrated into discrete foci, representing early endocytic intermediates17. Strikingly, all of the FM4-64-labelled foci loc ...
... during labelling (Fig. 3a, t ¼ 0), we observed FM4-64 staining of only the plasma membrane. When endocytosis was blocked after a 20-s incubation at room temperature, the dye concentrated into discrete foci, representing early endocytic intermediates17. Strikingly, all of the FM4-64-labelled foci loc ...
Reverse Engineering Models of Cell Cycle Regulation
... DNA molecules) to daughter cells at division. In eukaryotic cells, these events are separated in time: DNA synthesis (S phase) alternating with sister chromosome separation (mitosis, or M phase). The alternation of S and M phases is crucial to keeping the genome intact from one generation to the nex ...
... DNA molecules) to daughter cells at division. In eukaryotic cells, these events are separated in time: DNA synthesis (S phase) alternating with sister chromosome separation (mitosis, or M phase). The alternation of S and M phases is crucial to keeping the genome intact from one generation to the nex ...
Primary cilia and polycystic kidney disease
... and PKD-2, the likely orthologues of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 in C. elegans, respectively, are both present in sensory neurons of adult males. PKD-2 is believed to regulate the ability of adult male worms to respond to mating cues that likely involve both chemosensory and mechanosensory compone ...
... and PKD-2, the likely orthologues of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 in C. elegans, respectively, are both present in sensory neurons of adult males. PKD-2 is believed to regulate the ability of adult male worms to respond to mating cues that likely involve both chemosensory and mechanosensory compone ...
08 Prokaryotes
... 4. Chemoheterotrophs – consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon – wide range of prokaryotes, fungi, animals, plants. ...
... 4. Chemoheterotrophs – consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon – wide range of prokaryotes, fungi, animals, plants. ...
Chapter List
... Know the structure and function of all of the macromolecules. Know the ratio of C, H, and O in the macromolecules. How do the macromolecules interact within cells? Know storage polysaccharides: starch in plants; glycogen in animals (shows us evolutionarily we have been separate a long time); structu ...
... Know the structure and function of all of the macromolecules. Know the ratio of C, H, and O in the macromolecules. How do the macromolecules interact within cells? Know storage polysaccharides: starch in plants; glycogen in animals (shows us evolutionarily we have been separate a long time); structu ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.