![Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015321771_1-cb3b2265ee715be35b76444dbef8e186-300x300.png)
Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus
... membrane and create thrust such that the cell moves in the direction of the wave. The observed rotation of the cell body during swimming can be explained by waves that are not axially symmetric. Although there is yet no experimental evidence for this model, aspects of it are certainly testable. Thes ...
... membrane and create thrust such that the cell moves in the direction of the wave. The observed rotation of the cell body during swimming can be explained by waves that are not axially symmetric. Although there is yet no experimental evidence for this model, aspects of it are certainly testable. Thes ...
gamete interaction in flowering plants
... possibility of identifying both male and female gametespecific expressed genes [19,22–28]. Respective promoters now serve as valuable tools to drive expression of fluorescent proteins in Arabidopsis gametes, enabling live imaging of the fertilization process. Figure 2 shows the events following sper ...
... possibility of identifying both male and female gametespecific expressed genes [19,22–28]. Respective promoters now serve as valuable tools to drive expression of fluorescent proteins in Arabidopsis gametes, enabling live imaging of the fertilization process. Figure 2 shows the events following sper ...
Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor
... 2003; Van Valkenburgh et al., 2001), suggesting a functional coupling of these proteins. Expression of a GDP-bound mutant of ARFRP1 causes mislocalization of a subset of TGN proteins To explore the potential role of ARFRP1 in regulating Golgi structure and function, we generated mutants of ARFRP1 th ...
... 2003; Van Valkenburgh et al., 2001), suggesting a functional coupling of these proteins. Expression of a GDP-bound mutant of ARFRP1 causes mislocalization of a subset of TGN proteins To explore the potential role of ARFRP1 in regulating Golgi structure and function, we generated mutants of ARFRP1 th ...
Intercellular adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton
... mutants of Cdc42 (ref. 30), and was recently confirmed with a GFPtagged substrate for Cdc42 (ref. 31). These cell culture studies are also supported by genetic studies showing that a dominant-negative Cdc42 mutant blocks filopodial extension and epithelial adhesion in Drosophila dorsal closure32. Al ...
... mutants of Cdc42 (ref. 30), and was recently confirmed with a GFPtagged substrate for Cdc42 (ref. 31). These cell culture studies are also supported by genetic studies showing that a dominant-negative Cdc42 mutant blocks filopodial extension and epithelial adhesion in Drosophila dorsal closure32. Al ...
Nuclear -Tubulin during Acentriolar Plant Mitosis
... has been detected at all MTOCs, in which it is suggested to nucleate and organize microtubules (Oakley et al., 1990; Joshi et al., 1992). ␥-Tubulin is a part of numerous complexes of various sizes and composition (Jeng and Stearns, 1999), such as those identified in Xenopus eggs extracts (Zheng et a ...
... has been detected at all MTOCs, in which it is suggested to nucleate and organize microtubules (Oakley et al., 1990; Joshi et al., 1992). ␥-Tubulin is a part of numerous complexes of various sizes and composition (Jeng and Stearns, 1999), such as those identified in Xenopus eggs extracts (Zheng et a ...
Electrochemical model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
... Pt loading 0.38 mg/cm2 and the commercial on ETECK with Pt loading 0.4 mg/cm2 . The cell voltage in E-TECK dropped slightly faster than the former electrode. Also, the value of i0 is decreased from 4.95×10−8 A/cm2 (prepared electrode with Pt loading 0.38 mg/cm2 ) to 2.86×10−8 A/cm2 (E-TECK electrode ...
... Pt loading 0.38 mg/cm2 and the commercial on ETECK with Pt loading 0.4 mg/cm2 . The cell voltage in E-TECK dropped slightly faster than the former electrode. Also, the value of i0 is decreased from 4.95×10−8 A/cm2 (prepared electrode with Pt loading 0.38 mg/cm2 ) to 2.86×10−8 A/cm2 (E-TECK electrode ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... endocytosis. The cytoskeleton is an integral component of cellular trafficking mechanisms, as the vesicles and endosomes move on actin filaments or microtubules. Selection and movement of the protein cargo to be trafficked to and from the plasma membrane depends to a great extent on signature organe ...
... endocytosis. The cytoskeleton is an integral component of cellular trafficking mechanisms, as the vesicles and endosomes move on actin filaments or microtubules. Selection and movement of the protein cargo to be trafficked to and from the plasma membrane depends to a great extent on signature organe ...
``Biology of Cultured Cells``. In: Culture of Animal Cells, 5th Edition
... or subculture they will need to attach and spread out on the substrate before they will start to proliferate (see Sections 13.7, 21.9.2). Originally, it was found that cells would attach to, and spread on, glass that had a slight net negative charge. Subsequently, it was shown that cells would attac ...
... or subculture they will need to attach and spread out on the substrate before they will start to proliferate (see Sections 13.7, 21.9.2). Originally, it was found that cells would attach to, and spread on, glass that had a slight net negative charge. Subsequently, it was shown that cells would attac ...
A Diffusible Signal from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Elicits a
... The implication of calcium as intracellular messenger in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has not yet been directly demonstrated, although often envisaged. We used soybean (Glycine max) cell cultures stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca21 indicator aequorin to detect intracellular Ca21 c ...
... The implication of calcium as intracellular messenger in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has not yet been directly demonstrated, although often envisaged. We used soybean (Glycine max) cell cultures stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca21 indicator aequorin to detect intracellular Ca21 c ...
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall
... of proteins immunologically related to both integrins and cadherins (Kaminskyj and Heath, 1994; Katembe et al., 1997; Barthou et al., 1998; Canut et al., 1998; Faik et al., 1998; Kiba et al., 1998; Baluška et al., 1999b; Labouré et al., 1999; Laval et al., 1999; Nagpal and Quatrano, 1999; Swatzell ...
... of proteins immunologically related to both integrins and cadherins (Kaminskyj and Heath, 1994; Katembe et al., 1997; Barthou et al., 1998; Canut et al., 1998; Faik et al., 1998; Kiba et al., 1998; Baluška et al., 1999b; Labouré et al., 1999; Laval et al., 1999; Nagpal and Quatrano, 1999; Swatzell ...
Alteration of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Membrane
... polarity of this cell type (Rodriguez-Boulan, 1983; Simons and Fuller, 1986). We have used the epithelial MadinDarby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line to examine the structural features of plasma membrane proteins involved in their sorting into a specific surface domain. The usefulness of this cell lin ...
... polarity of this cell type (Rodriguez-Boulan, 1983; Simons and Fuller, 1986). We have used the epithelial MadinDarby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line to examine the structural features of plasma membrane proteins involved in their sorting into a specific surface domain. The usefulness of this cell lin ...
Mathematical model of the cell division cycle of fission yeast
... For cells to proliferate, to make a repetitive sequence of properly controlled Start, G2/M and Finish transitions, the helper molecules must be removed after they have done their jobs, because they are inhibitory for the next cell cycle transition. For instance, the starter kinase must disappear aft ...
... For cells to proliferate, to make a repetitive sequence of properly controlled Start, G2/M and Finish transitions, the helper molecules must be removed after they have done their jobs, because they are inhibitory for the next cell cycle transition. For instance, the starter kinase must disappear aft ...
Functions of LIM proteins in cell polarity and chemotactic motility
... GFP±LimC (A) or GFP±LimD (B) expressing cells were incubated with TRITC-labeled, heat-killed yeast cells. Confocal sections were taken at the times indicated. Arrowheads in the 0 s panel (A and B) mark the site of formation of the phagosomes. Bars, 10 mm. (C and D) Co-localization of GFP±LimC and GF ...
... GFP±LimC (A) or GFP±LimD (B) expressing cells were incubated with TRITC-labeled, heat-killed yeast cells. Confocal sections were taken at the times indicated. Arrowheads in the 0 s panel (A and B) mark the site of formation of the phagosomes. Bars, 10 mm. (C and D) Co-localization of GFP±LimC and GF ...
Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left
... on the activity of an ion exchanger (the Hþ/Kþ-ATPase, and a Kþ channel). Steady-state voltage gradients in non-neuronal cells are known to control gene expression and other aspects of cell behavior;(36,37) thus, I propose that asymmetry is driven, at very early stages, by differences in ion flux ac ...
... on the activity of an ion exchanger (the Hþ/Kþ-ATPase, and a Kþ channel). Steady-state voltage gradients in non-neuronal cells are known to control gene expression and other aspects of cell behavior;(36,37) thus, I propose that asymmetry is driven, at very early stages, by differences in ion flux ac ...
Chapter 4 Test Cell Structure Answer Section
... 34. Only eukaryotic cells have a. membrane-bound organelles. b. ribosomes. c. DNA. d. cytoplasm. 35. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This place is known as a a. mitochondrion. b. Golgi apparatus. c. central vacuole. d. chloropla ...
... 34. Only eukaryotic cells have a. membrane-bound organelles. b. ribosomes. c. DNA. d. cytoplasm. 35. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This place is known as a a. mitochondrion. b. Golgi apparatus. c. central vacuole. d. chloropla ...
Cytokinesis in flowering plants: cellular process
... The cell plate fuses with the parental cell walls at a narrow zone that is largely devoid of actin (‘zone of actin depletion’; ZAD in Figure 1). The ZAD, or cortical division site, determines the plane of somatic cell division. During lateral expansion, microfilaments appear to extend from the ZAD t ...
... The cell plate fuses with the parental cell walls at a narrow zone that is largely devoid of actin (‘zone of actin depletion’; ZAD in Figure 1). The ZAD, or cortical division site, determines the plane of somatic cell division. During lateral expansion, microfilaments appear to extend from the ZAD t ...
Hungry for Power: Elimination of Mitochondria by Mitophagy
... adaptor protein Atg11p, which is essential for all selective forms of autophagy identified to date, is also indispensible in this interaction. Additionally, a number of proteins originally identified in targeted studies by their function in other processes have also been implicated in mitophagy. The ...
... adaptor protein Atg11p, which is essential for all selective forms of autophagy identified to date, is also indispensible in this interaction. Additionally, a number of proteins originally identified in targeted studies by their function in other processes have also been implicated in mitophagy. The ...
FT-IR Protein Structure Analyzer
... For those interested in determining if FT-IR Protein Structural Analysis is appropriate for their applications or specific research conditions, BioTools offers feasibility studies using PROTA-3S. Studies include PROTA-3S measurements of particular identified or unidentified proteins or peptides, det ...
... For those interested in determining if FT-IR Protein Structural Analysis is appropriate for their applications or specific research conditions, BioTools offers feasibility studies using PROTA-3S. Studies include PROTA-3S measurements of particular identified or unidentified proteins or peptides, det ...
Cell migration: mechanisms of rear detachment and the formation of
... Rear detachment by pericellular proteolysis Recruitment of cell surface proteases such as matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) and cathepsins, to ECM contacts sites and localized proteolysis is a key event during invasive migration of tumor cells. This pericellular proteolysis is also a crucial process d ...
... Rear detachment by pericellular proteolysis Recruitment of cell surface proteases such as matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) and cathepsins, to ECM contacts sites and localized proteolysis is a key event during invasive migration of tumor cells. This pericellular proteolysis is also a crucial process d ...
Control of Contractility in Spirostomum by Dissociated Calcium Ions
... In all organisms, electrically induced contraction resulted in shortening to roughly 50% of resting length. The organisms returned to their original lengths within a period of 500 msec. The threshold stimulus required to induce contraction in organisms in gelatin was a current density about 6 X 10- ...
... In all organisms, electrically induced contraction resulted in shortening to roughly 50% of resting length. The organisms returned to their original lengths within a period of 500 msec. The threshold stimulus required to induce contraction in organisms in gelatin was a current density about 6 X 10- ...
Life under pressure: hydrostatic pressure in cell growth and function
... Life is all about aqueous chemistry and reactions that occur at surfaces and interfaces. The unique physical properties of water not only promoted the emergence of cellular life but also set limits on effective cell dimensions within which viability and reproduction can be maintained [1]. It was cru ...
... Life is all about aqueous chemistry and reactions that occur at surfaces and interfaces. The unique physical properties of water not only promoted the emergence of cellular life but also set limits on effective cell dimensions within which viability and reproduction can be maintained [1]. It was cru ...
Production of monoterpenoids and aroma compounds from cell
... part by a cold finger to condense the vapours. The apparatus design drives the high-density layer (dichloromethane) and the low-density layer (water) to return to their respective flasks. The steam distillation was stopped after ...
... part by a cold finger to condense the vapours. The apparatus design drives the high-density layer (dichloromethane) and the low-density layer (water) to return to their respective flasks. The steam distillation was stopped after ...
Archaea - The Ancient Oddities
... charcteristics describe Bacteria (B), Archaea (A) or Eukarya(E) – you may mark more than one letter. ...
... charcteristics describe Bacteria (B), Archaea (A) or Eukarya(E) – you may mark more than one letter. ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.