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Plant Cells - Crossroads Academy
Plant Cells - Crossroads Academy

... functions of how the cell will do everything. For examples, enzymes allow photosynthesis to occur and allow mitochondria to make energy. Most chemical reactions in a cell are regulated by enzymes. The cell makes enzymes in the RER. The recipes for all cellular proteins are in the DNA. We call them g ...
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Cells & Microscope PowerPoint
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Chapter 4 Notes – “THE CELL”

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Cell Biology Jeopardy
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... Fills the interior of the cell. It consists of a liquid (called the _________ that contains water, proteins and dissolved ions) and cell organelles. It is used to transport substances throughout the cell and create internal pressure and is where most chemical _______________ occur. Nucleus contains ...
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Ch. 4: Plant and Animal Cells

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Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and
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... A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most ...
CHAPTER 4 A TOUR OF THE CELL
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... The two major categories of cells are the prokaryotic (bacteria & Archaea) and the eukaryotic cells (protists, fungi, plants & animals). Prokaryotic cells are about 1/10 the size of eukaryotic cells, they appeared in the fossil record ~ 3.5 billion years ago and they are much simpler. Prokaryotic ce ...
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cell wall

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Lab #5 - Onion Cells (Oct. 21 2014)
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... 2. Add a drop of water to the onion skin and one to two drops of Iodine solution to the slide. 3. Leave the slide for 2-5 minutes to allow the stain to enter the cell. 4. Lower the cover slip and examine the cell on high power. 5. With the iodine solution you should be able to see structures of the ...
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Cytosol



The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.
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