Endokrinologi
... • Hormone receptors are proteins with bifunctional properties of recognition of the hormone (ie, ability to distinguish the hormone from other molecules to which they are exposed) and transduction of the information from binding to downstream receptor effects. The hormone acts as an allosteric effec ...
... • Hormone receptors are proteins with bifunctional properties of recognition of the hormone (ie, ability to distinguish the hormone from other molecules to which they are exposed) and transduction of the information from binding to downstream receptor effects. The hormone acts as an allosteric effec ...
Transport Across Cell Membrane - Bioenergetics and Cell Metabolism
... Binds to Na+K+ ATPase and locks it in position so that the ion binding sites are permanently accessible form both ends Open channel Exit of K+ from cells Toxic ...
... Binds to Na+K+ ATPase and locks it in position so that the ion binding sites are permanently accessible form both ends Open channel Exit of K+ from cells Toxic ...
Cell A.
... 3. Diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). • DAG and IP3 are created when a phospholipase cleaves membrane phospholipid PIP2 (inositol) • phospholipase - activated by G protein or tyrosine-kinase receptor. • IP3 activates a gated-calcium channel, releasing Ca2+ from the ER. ...
... 3. Diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). • DAG and IP3 are created when a phospholipase cleaves membrane phospholipid PIP2 (inositol) • phospholipase - activated by G protein or tyrosine-kinase receptor. • IP3 activates a gated-calcium channel, releasing Ca2+ from the ER. ...
Through the microscope - NSW Department of Education
... In this part of a cell's life it acts on its own. The other part of the life of a cell is its action as part of a tissue. Here it contributes to the life of the organism it is found in. To do its special job as part of a tissue, cells often have special sizes, shapes or features. Scientists say that ...
... In this part of a cell's life it acts on its own. The other part of the life of a cell is its action as part of a tissue. Here it contributes to the life of the organism it is found in. To do its special job as part of a tissue, cells often have special sizes, shapes or features. Scientists say that ...
this PDF file
... process was rather difficult to be observed with light microscope. But, fluorescence microscope shows that at anaphase (at this time, septum has been formed), the chloroplast consists of two parts (Figure 3c), indicating that chloroplast division has been occurred, even before cytokinesis over. Bieb ...
... process was rather difficult to be observed with light microscope. But, fluorescence microscope shows that at anaphase (at this time, septum has been formed), the chloroplast consists of two parts (Figure 3c), indicating that chloroplast division has been occurred, even before cytokinesis over. Bieb ...
Main text Introduction Mitosis (Gk. Mitos – warp thread or fiber and
... takes place through increase in cell size, but when cell size increases, surface area of cell does not increase in the same proportion as the cell volume. Therefore, cell division helps in growth also by way of increasing surface area of the cell. Thus, mitosis is a necessity for the maintenance and ...
... takes place through increase in cell size, but when cell size increases, surface area of cell does not increase in the same proportion as the cell volume. Therefore, cell division helps in growth also by way of increasing surface area of the cell. Thus, mitosis is a necessity for the maintenance and ...
MERNER-PFEIFFER LIBRARY
... of epitaxy. When I arrived in North Carolina I found, however, that Wilbur's laboratory had temporarily moved away from molluscs and reoriented to study coccolithophorids. There were two reasons for this. First these organisms form plates or coccoliths of calcium carbonate within specific organelles ...
... of epitaxy. When I arrived in North Carolina I found, however, that Wilbur's laboratory had temporarily moved away from molluscs and reoriented to study coccolithophorids. There were two reasons for this. First these organisms form plates or coccoliths of calcium carbonate within specific organelles ...
Calcium: a regulation system emerges in plant cells
... Calcium occupies a pre-eminent place in the cellular control systems of animals (Campbell, 1983). Because of the cytotoxic effects of calcium, cells pay very particular attention to keeping cytoplasmic calcium levels very much lower than the normal extracellular 10~ 3 M level; usually it is in the r ...
... Calcium occupies a pre-eminent place in the cellular control systems of animals (Campbell, 1983). Because of the cytotoxic effects of calcium, cells pay very particular attention to keeping cytoplasmic calcium levels very much lower than the normal extracellular 10~ 3 M level; usually it is in the r ...
The Cell
... can engulf another cell by phagocytosis; this forms a food vacuole • A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules • Lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules, a process called autophagy ...
... can engulf another cell by phagocytosis; this forms a food vacuole • A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules • Lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules, a process called autophagy ...
Ultrastructural Studies of the Development of Nerves in Hydra
... there remains no definite ultrastructural evidence for bi- or multi-ciliated neurosensory cells. Prior to the complete maturation of the cilium, several cytoplasmic changes become evident. In addition to the elongation of the cytoplasm in various regions during the formation of neurites, certain org ...
... there remains no definite ultrastructural evidence for bi- or multi-ciliated neurosensory cells. Prior to the complete maturation of the cilium, several cytoplasmic changes become evident. In addition to the elongation of the cytoplasm in various regions during the formation of neurites, certain org ...
Polarity Notes - Embrace Challenge
... molecules. These bends result in asymmetric molecules. For example, H2O and NH3 have lone pairs on the central atom. Both are polar because the shift of electrons away from the H toward the O or the N is not symmetrical in 3-dimensions. Polarity is responsible for many behaviors you see happening in ...
... molecules. These bends result in asymmetric molecules. For example, H2O and NH3 have lone pairs on the central atom. Both are polar because the shift of electrons away from the H toward the O or the N is not symmetrical in 3-dimensions. Polarity is responsible for many behaviors you see happening in ...
Alfalfa Mob1-like proteins are involved in cell
... Cytokinesis is a key point in cell proliferation and fundamental for the growth and development of all eukaryotic organisms, including higher plants. Although cytokinesis can take place with different modalities in yeasts, animals and plants, the basic control mechanisms underlying this process are ...
... Cytokinesis is a key point in cell proliferation and fundamental for the growth and development of all eukaryotic organisms, including higher plants. Although cytokinesis can take place with different modalities in yeasts, animals and plants, the basic control mechanisms underlying this process are ...
Phosphorylation Controls CLIMP-63–mediated Anchoring of the
... Impaired in Microtubule Binding of CLIMP-63 Induce ER Clustering In pilot experiments using metabolic labeling with [32P]orthophosphate, we found that the cytoplasmic domain of CLIMP-63 becomes phosphorylated in HeLa cells during mitosis (our unpublished data; Figure 6). This finding raised the poss ...
... Impaired in Microtubule Binding of CLIMP-63 Induce ER Clustering In pilot experiments using metabolic labeling with [32P]orthophosphate, we found that the cytoplasmic domain of CLIMP-63 becomes phosphorylated in HeLa cells during mitosis (our unpublished data; Figure 6). This finding raised the poss ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... thousands of particles make up enzyme molecules attached to both membranes ...
... thousands of particles make up enzyme molecules attached to both membranes ...
Condition-Dependent Cell Volume and Concentration of
... source for such data [5,6,7]. However, these measurement techniques typically only sample at the cell population-level, thus yielding molecule copy numbers (moles) per sample (i.e. per cell dry weight or per optical density), while for mathematical modeling intracellular molecule concentrations or a ...
... source for such data [5,6,7]. However, these measurement techniques typically only sample at the cell population-level, thus yielding molecule copy numbers (moles) per sample (i.e. per cell dry weight or per optical density), while for mathematical modeling intracellular molecule concentrations or a ...
Protista(amoeba)
... 1. The contractile vacuole eliminates excess water which comes as a by-product of respiration or enters the cell by osmosis (amoeba is hypertonic). 2. Water is actively transported into the contractile vacuole. Hence many mitochondria surround the contractile vacuole producing the necessary ATP/ener ...
... 1. The contractile vacuole eliminates excess water which comes as a by-product of respiration or enters the cell by osmosis (amoeba is hypertonic). 2. Water is actively transported into the contractile vacuole. Hence many mitochondria surround the contractile vacuole producing the necessary ATP/ener ...
JCB Raver1, a dual compartment protein, is a ligand for
... fragments (raver1NC and raver1CN) are indicated (double arrows). Three bona fide RRMs are presented as striped blue/yellow boxes, and the bona fide NLS and NES sequences are indicated in black and red, respectively. (A, bottom) The deduced amino acid sequence of raver1. The bipartite RRMs are show ...
... fragments (raver1NC and raver1CN) are indicated (double arrows). Three bona fide RRMs are presented as striped blue/yellow boxes, and the bona fide NLS and NES sequences are indicated in black and red, respectively. (A, bottom) The deduced amino acid sequence of raver1. The bipartite RRMs are show ...
Why are cells so small
... 1. For this lab you and your team will compete against the other teams in class to see who can design the most efficiently sized cell. Your goal will be to have a cell that maximizes volume and mass while, at the same time, minimizing the amount of time it takes a liquid to diffuse throughout the c ...
... 1. For this lab you and your team will compete against the other teams in class to see who can design the most efficiently sized cell. Your goal will be to have a cell that maximizes volume and mass while, at the same time, minimizing the amount of time it takes a liquid to diffuse throughout the c ...
3 Chapter 3
... 3.4 Membranes regulate the passage of materials. • Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. • Organelles may have their own outer and internal membranes. The most important function of any membrane is to regulate the flow of materials. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... 3.4 Membranes regulate the passage of materials. • Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. • Organelles may have their own outer and internal membranes. The most important function of any membrane is to regulate the flow of materials. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
the fine structure of von ebner`s gland of the rat
... lateral or apical to the nucleus (Figs . 3-6) . In some cells two or three Golgi regions were recognized . They usually consisted of four to five lamellae, some of which were dilated and appeared empty or contained a light flocculent material . The dilated lamellae were in close relation to the tran ...
... lateral or apical to the nucleus (Figs . 3-6) . In some cells two or three Golgi regions were recognized . They usually consisted of four to five lamellae, some of which were dilated and appeared empty or contained a light flocculent material . The dilated lamellae were in close relation to the tran ...
Plant Cell Vacuoles
... localized in this compartment (Matile, 1978; Boller and Wiemken, 1986). It has therefore been suggested that the vacuole corresponds to the lysosomes of animal cells. Additionally, several transferases are present in the vacuole. The best investigated so far are involved in ...
... localized in this compartment (Matile, 1978; Boller and Wiemken, 1986). It has therefore been suggested that the vacuole corresponds to the lysosomes of animal cells. Additionally, several transferases are present in the vacuole. The best investigated so far are involved in ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.