Non-enzymatic access to the plasma membrane of Medicago root
... The dynamics of the formation of a protoplast from a previously plasmolysed root hair perforated at its tip with a UV laser microbeam is reported in Fig. 1 (A-D). A few seconds after the opening of the hair tip, the protoplasm swells and tends to fill the apical plasmolytic space, which had been for ...
... The dynamics of the formation of a protoplast from a previously plasmolysed root hair perforated at its tip with a UV laser microbeam is reported in Fig. 1 (A-D). A few seconds after the opening of the hair tip, the protoplasm swells and tends to fill the apical plasmolytic space, which had been for ...
Sensing minute changes in biological cell monolayers with THz
... the well bottoms and provides a substrate, which the endothelial cells adhere to. Wells were washed three times using phosphate buffered saline then seeded with BLMVEC. The cells were allowed to grow to confluence for 4 days. The arrays were plugged into the instrument and a baseline measurement of ...
... the well bottoms and provides a substrate, which the endothelial cells adhere to. Wells were washed three times using phosphate buffered saline then seeded with BLMVEC. The cells were allowed to grow to confluence for 4 days. The arrays were plugged into the instrument and a baseline measurement of ...
Mission Debriefing for a science class and bacteria
... Bacteria range in size from 0.1 to 10 micrometers (µm). A micrometer is only one millionth of a meter. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. Most are between 0.02 and 0.3 µm in size. Structure As a prokaryotic cell, a bacterium lacks many of the internal structures found in the cells of higher org ...
... Bacteria range in size from 0.1 to 10 micrometers (µm). A micrometer is only one millionth of a meter. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria. Most are between 0.02 and 0.3 µm in size. Structure As a prokaryotic cell, a bacterium lacks many of the internal structures found in the cells of higher org ...
Rule to Build By - Digital Repository Home
... absorbed. If the shoemaker seals lavenders and other herbs along with the cottons, the shoe sole would also help relax feet. In fact, the shoe sole pads need to be sealed in certain patterns, and it is these patterns that enable the shoe to be able to have air circulation within the shoes (Jiaxing D ...
... absorbed. If the shoemaker seals lavenders and other herbs along with the cottons, the shoe sole would also help relax feet. In fact, the shoe sole pads need to be sealed in certain patterns, and it is these patterns that enable the shoe to be able to have air circulation within the shoes (Jiaxing D ...
Cells and Tissues Part 2
... Active Transport Processes Active transport (solute pumping) Amino acids, some sugars, and ions are transported by protein ...
... Active Transport Processes Active transport (solute pumping) Amino acids, some sugars, and ions are transported by protein ...
The Wall Becomes Surmountable
... laboratory has generated several monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific carbohydrate structures (epitopes) in plant cell wall polysaccharides. These antibodies were used to study the distribution of selected carbohydrate structures found in pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides in tissues ...
... laboratory has generated several monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific carbohydrate structures (epitopes) in plant cell wall polysaccharides. These antibodies were used to study the distribution of selected carbohydrate structures found in pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides in tissues ...
Case study
... carcinoma has a particular tendency to evolve into the spindle cell type of squamous cell carcinoma. ...
... carcinoma has a particular tendency to evolve into the spindle cell type of squamous cell carcinoma. ...
Limits to Cell Size
... Limits to Cell Size Background Cells are the basic units of life. When cells become damaged, or simply grow too old, and need to be replaced, they undergo division: mitosis and cytokinesis. Also, when an organism grows in size, it’s due to the replication and reproduction of cells. Large organisms a ...
... Limits to Cell Size Background Cells are the basic units of life. When cells become damaged, or simply grow too old, and need to be replaced, they undergo division: mitosis and cytokinesis. Also, when an organism grows in size, it’s due to the replication and reproduction of cells. Large organisms a ...
Involvement of the Mismatch Repair System in Temozolomide
... As discussed above, there is ample experimental evidence linking the cytotoxic effects of DNA-modifying agents with the MRS. However, the molecular mechanisms implicated in this process are currently unknown. In this study, we show that TMZ induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and ...
... As discussed above, there is ample experimental evidence linking the cytotoxic effects of DNA-modifying agents with the MRS. However, the molecular mechanisms implicated in this process are currently unknown. In this study, we show that TMZ induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and ...
Assessment of Aging in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast Mutants
... function [20]. In these mutant fruit flies life span was progressively shortened and age-dependent mortality was increased in conjunction with reduced SOD2 expression . The number of dead cells is one of the parameters that make it possible to determine culture viability, yet it does not provide inf ...
... function [20]. In these mutant fruit flies life span was progressively shortened and age-dependent mortality was increased in conjunction with reduced SOD2 expression . The number of dead cells is one of the parameters that make it possible to determine culture viability, yet it does not provide inf ...
Membrane Remodeling and Organization: Elements Common to
... cardiolipin is necessary for the control of membrane fluidity under stress conditions, and it is found in membrane domains, mainly in the cell poles and the septum region, both in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (23,24). It has been proposed that cardiolipin is a constituent element of FMMs, ...
... cardiolipin is necessary for the control of membrane fluidity under stress conditions, and it is found in membrane domains, mainly in the cell poles and the septum region, both in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (23,24). It has been proposed that cardiolipin is a constituent element of FMMs, ...
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift
... host mycelium (Fig. 1). During this time a significant accumulation and deposition of intercellular fibrill ar material can be observed outside the host-parasi te interacting cells (Fig. 2). Our observations support the idea that there is an increase of a mucilaginous substance, apparently polysacch ...
... host mycelium (Fig. 1). During this time a significant accumulation and deposition of intercellular fibrill ar material can be observed outside the host-parasi te interacting cells (Fig. 2). Our observations support the idea that there is an increase of a mucilaginous substance, apparently polysacch ...
Gastrulation in C. elegans
... membrane surfaces: an outer surface that faces the vitelline envelope (apical surface), surfaces that contact adjacent cells (lateral surfaces), and a surface that faces cells on the opposite side of the hull (basal surface; Figure 1A). The blastocoel forms when basal surfaces of cells separate from ...
... membrane surfaces: an outer surface that faces the vitelline envelope (apical surface), surfaces that contact adjacent cells (lateral surfaces), and a surface that faces cells on the opposite side of the hull (basal surface; Figure 1A). The blastocoel forms when basal surfaces of cells separate from ...
The Diversity of Viruses, Prokaryotes and Protists 2
... Resistant to extreme conditions Can survive for “extraordinarily” long periods ...
... Resistant to extreme conditions Can survive for “extraordinarily” long periods ...
Evolutionary aspects of non-cell-autonomous regulation in vascular
... A prominent feature of PD in angiosperms is their participation in the cell-to-cell spread of viruses. Interestingly, there are very few, altogether seven, reports on virus infection and spread in seedless vascular plants (Valverde and Sabanadzovic, 2009 and references therein; Scheets et al., 2011 ...
... A prominent feature of PD in angiosperms is their participation in the cell-to-cell spread of viruses. Interestingly, there are very few, altogether seven, reports on virus infection and spread in seedless vascular plants (Valverde and Sabanadzovic, 2009 and references therein; Scheets et al., 2011 ...
Achieving Desired Product Profile Read More
... reproducible and scalable upstream and downstream process that meets product quality needs; (3) appropriate culture monitoring methods to ensure batch to batch reproducibility; (4) process understanding ...
... reproducible and scalable upstream and downstream process that meets product quality needs; (3) appropriate culture monitoring methods to ensure batch to batch reproducibility; (4) process understanding ...
Laboratory 11 - Department of Environmental Sciences
... isolate and detect the individual 16S rRNA genes from the mixed genomic DNA. The 16S rRNA gene codes for a part of the ribosome and is present in all bacteria and archaea. Differences in the DNA sequence of this gene can be used to distinguish between different phylogenetic groups. PCR works by usin ...
... isolate and detect the individual 16S rRNA genes from the mixed genomic DNA. The 16S rRNA gene codes for a part of the ribosome and is present in all bacteria and archaea. Differences in the DNA sequence of this gene can be used to distinguish between different phylogenetic groups. PCR works by usin ...
The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in Regulating Cell Wall Function1
... identical to each other and contain two epidermal growth factor-like repeats. This domain binds tightly to pectin in a calcium-dependent fashion (Decreux and Messiaen, 2005). This association with pectin first occurs in an endomembrane compartment, most likely the Golgi (Kohorn et al., 2006a). The i ...
... identical to each other and contain two epidermal growth factor-like repeats. This domain binds tightly to pectin in a calcium-dependent fashion (Decreux and Messiaen, 2005). This association with pectin first occurs in an endomembrane compartment, most likely the Golgi (Kohorn et al., 2006a). The i ...
CELL STRUCTURE_2012_crossing the
... – More complex structure – compartments called organelles – Animals, plants, fungi and protists ...
... – More complex structure – compartments called organelles – Animals, plants, fungi and protists ...
Developmental Biology Brochure
... of fluorescence, whether further ASPM-GFP fusion proteins migrate into the area, indicating a transitory interaction with the spindle. “There is still a great deal to find out about MCPH,” Dr Bond comments. “We have affected families that cannot be mapped to known loci indicating that there are like ...
... of fluorescence, whether further ASPM-GFP fusion proteins migrate into the area, indicating a transitory interaction with the spindle. “There is still a great deal to find out about MCPH,” Dr Bond comments. “We have affected families that cannot be mapped to known loci indicating that there are like ...
studies on chemically induced cell fusion
... fibrillar appearance and may represent the remnants of the haemoglobin of the original erythrocytes. It is significant, however, that unfused cells were always completely lysed at this stage, and it seems more likely that the cytoplasmic contents of the giant cells are damaged plasma, or possibly nu ...
... fibrillar appearance and may represent the remnants of the haemoglobin of the original erythrocytes. It is significant, however, that unfused cells were always completely lysed at this stage, and it seems more likely that the cytoplasmic contents of the giant cells are damaged plasma, or possibly nu ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.