Experimental approaches to study plant cell walls during plant
... protein or cellular process. We recently utilized a screen of microbial endophytes (Xia et al., 2013) to identify microbial factors that induce cellulose inhibition and identified the compound acetobixan from a Bacillus sp. (Xia et al., 2014). Confocal microscopy allowed us to validate that the targ ...
... protein or cellular process. We recently utilized a screen of microbial endophytes (Xia et al., 2013) to identify microbial factors that induce cellulose inhibition and identified the compound acetobixan from a Bacillus sp. (Xia et al., 2014). Confocal microscopy allowed us to validate that the targ ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... experiments demonstrating that stress relaxation and expansive growth are initiated by increasing the turgor pressure to a critical value, PCR, have not been reported. In addition, the relationship between PCR in the LOS theory and Pc in the Lockhart equations and augmented growth equations is unkno ...
... experiments demonstrating that stress relaxation and expansive growth are initiated by increasing the turgor pressure to a critical value, PCR, have not been reported. In addition, the relationship between PCR in the LOS theory and Pc in the Lockhart equations and augmented growth equations is unkno ...
vilnius university
... muscle tissue through activation of quiescent myogenic precursor or multipotent adult stem cell populations, the heart does not appear to retain equivalent reserve cell populations to promote myofiber repair. The inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide to a significant extent and regenerate the ...
... muscle tissue through activation of quiescent myogenic precursor or multipotent adult stem cell populations, the heart does not appear to retain equivalent reserve cell populations to promote myofiber repair. The inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide to a significant extent and regenerate the ...
LATS1/WARTS phosphorylates MYPT1 to counteract PLK1 and
... PLK1 activity. Consistent with this, LATS1-depleted HeLa cells or fibroblasts from LATS1 knockout mice showed in creased PLK1 activity. We also found deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage–induced LATS1 activation caused PLK1 suppression via the phosphorylation of MYPT1 S445. Furthermore, LATS1 knockd ...
... PLK1 activity. Consistent with this, LATS1-depleted HeLa cells or fibroblasts from LATS1 knockout mice showed in creased PLK1 activity. We also found deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage–induced LATS1 activation caused PLK1 suppression via the phosphorylation of MYPT1 S445. Furthermore, LATS1 knockd ...
Teratocarcinoma stem cells as a model for differentiation inthe
... 1986). Binding of DBA conjugates by some EC cells, including F9 cells, on the other hand, has been suggested as being associated with the restricted differentiation capacity of these cells (Muramatsu, 1988). Cell surface expression of lectin binding sites Expression of specific cellular glycoconjuga ...
... 1986). Binding of DBA conjugates by some EC cells, including F9 cells, on the other hand, has been suggested as being associated with the restricted differentiation capacity of these cells (Muramatsu, 1988). Cell surface expression of lectin binding sites Expression of specific cellular glycoconjuga ...
Speciation of Small Molecules and Inorganic Ions in Salmon Egg
... polyatomic ion of 16O16O. As can be seen in the chromatogram of S (Fig. 1), several peaks were observed in the large and small molecular regions, although the chromatogram was rather complicated with a poor signal intensity. The peaks of S in the small molecular region were observed around 3.0 min a ...
... polyatomic ion of 16O16O. As can be seen in the chromatogram of S (Fig. 1), several peaks were observed in the large and small molecular regions, although the chromatogram was rather complicated with a poor signal intensity. The peaks of S in the small molecular region were observed around 3.0 min a ...
PPT - Yavapai College
... Fermentation is oxygen-free respiration where organic molecules are ultimate electron acceptor. Many groups of bacteria are fermenters. ...
... Fermentation is oxygen-free respiration where organic molecules are ultimate electron acceptor. Many groups of bacteria are fermenters. ...
supplementary information
... “cheater” strain has tdtomato expressed constitutively by the PGK1 promoter. We distinguish the two strains using a Becton Dickinson FACScan flow cytometer with excitation laser at 488nm. Emission filter FL1 (530/30) detects YFP levels and FL2 (585/42) detects tdtomato levels, although the absorbanc ...
... “cheater” strain has tdtomato expressed constitutively by the PGK1 promoter. We distinguish the two strains using a Becton Dickinson FACScan flow cytometer with excitation laser at 488nm. Emission filter FL1 (530/30) detects YFP levels and FL2 (585/42) detects tdtomato levels, although the absorbanc ...
Classification of Bacteria
... Classification of Bacteria Classification, nomenclature, and identification are the three separate but interrelated areas of taxonomy. Classification can be defined as the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups (taxa) on the basis of similarities or relationships. Classification of prokaryot ...
... Classification of Bacteria Classification, nomenclature, and identification are the three separate but interrelated areas of taxonomy. Classification can be defined as the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups (taxa) on the basis of similarities or relationships. Classification of prokaryot ...
Relationship between the timing of DNA replication and the
... petence. On the basis of the results obtained with ND cells, it was suggested that the low encystation competence of D cells is due to a loss of accumulation of stationary stage D cells at the particular position of G 2 phase. This suggestion is supported by the finding that the nuclear DNA content ...
... petence. On the basis of the results obtained with ND cells, it was suggested that the low encystation competence of D cells is due to a loss of accumulation of stationary stage D cells at the particular position of G 2 phase. This suggestion is supported by the finding that the nuclear DNA content ...
Newly Synthesized Catalytic and Regulatory Components of
... e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such activated protein kinase causes protein phosphorylation. This study examines the first of these questions by analyzing at what stage of development of cultured sympathetic neurons t ...
... e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such activated protein kinase causes protein phosphorylation. This study examines the first of these questions by analyzing at what stage of development of cultured sympathetic neurons t ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
... been shown to strongly modulate glucose-induced islet electrical activity (4). Most of these earlier studies of the effects of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discove ...
... been shown to strongly modulate glucose-induced islet electrical activity (4). Most of these earlier studies of the effects of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discove ...
A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell
... addition, a single probe for Gata4 is highly recognized in the array by END2 cells. Gata4, however, is absent in END2 cells by both qRT-PCR (Fig. 3A) and immunocytochemistry (Fig. 1A). Finally, Bmp2 is not detected in the array but is highly expressed by PYS2 and XEN cell lines, as assessed by qRT-P ...
... addition, a single probe for Gata4 is highly recognized in the array by END2 cells. Gata4, however, is absent in END2 cells by both qRT-PCR (Fig. 3A) and immunocytochemistry (Fig. 1A). Finally, Bmp2 is not detected in the array but is highly expressed by PYS2 and XEN cell lines, as assessed by qRT-P ...
Co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Impairs HIV
... HIV-specific CD4 T cells were readily detectable in mono-infected individuals (Fig. 1A and 1B). HIV-specific CD4+ cell release of IFN-γ was significantly lower in HIV+/TB as compared to HIV+/LTBI (p = 0.005)(Fig. 1B). HIV-specific CD4+ cell release of TNF-α (p = 0.01) and IL-2 (p<0.001) were signifi ...
... HIV-specific CD4 T cells were readily detectable in mono-infected individuals (Fig. 1A and 1B). HIV-specific CD4+ cell release of IFN-γ was significantly lower in HIV+/TB as compared to HIV+/LTBI (p = 0.005)(Fig. 1B). HIV-specific CD4+ cell release of TNF-α (p = 0.01) and IL-2 (p<0.001) were signifi ...
Stem Cells of the Hair Follicular Tissue: Application in Cell Based
... Investigation of bulge cell biology and the use of bulge cells for clinical applications such as regenerative medicine or gene therapy require the isolation of living bulge cells [24,25]. Morphology based manual microdissection has been used to isolate bulge cells from hair follicles [25,26], howeve ...
... Investigation of bulge cell biology and the use of bulge cells for clinical applications such as regenerative medicine or gene therapy require the isolation of living bulge cells [24,25]. Morphology based manual microdissection has been used to isolate bulge cells from hair follicles [25,26], howeve ...
3. Taxonomy and classification of Algae
... Prochlorophytes can be unicellular or filamentous, and depending on the filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and ...
... Prochlorophytes can be unicellular or filamentous, and depending on the filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and ...
De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T
... glycolytic pathway is an active, lineage-decisive step that is required for the development of effector T (Teff ) cells of the TH1, TH2 and TH17 lineages4. Hence, in the absence of mTOR, or after treatment with the mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin, the development of Teff cells is greatly diminishe ...
... glycolytic pathway is an active, lineage-decisive step that is required for the development of effector T (Teff ) cells of the TH1, TH2 and TH17 lineages4. Hence, in the absence of mTOR, or after treatment with the mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin, the development of Teff cells is greatly diminishe ...
New and Old Hereditary Forms of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
... Identification of the genes involved in the hereditary forms of renal cell carcinoma has provided significant information about the genes involved in the common, sporadic (non-hereditary) forms of the disease. Recognition of this group of tumors is, however, rather important both, clinically and sci ...
... Identification of the genes involved in the hereditary forms of renal cell carcinoma has provided significant information about the genes involved in the common, sporadic (non-hereditary) forms of the disease. Recognition of this group of tumors is, however, rather important both, clinically and sci ...
Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in
... endodermal cells. Instead, aberrant vacuolar/vesicular structures occasionally were found in the cytoplasm (Figure 4G). Their shape was distorted, and they were smaller than the small-vacuole-like structures observed in sgr2-1. A few amyloplasts in both mutants seemed to contain less starch, especia ...
... endodermal cells. Instead, aberrant vacuolar/vesicular structures occasionally were found in the cytoplasm (Figure 4G). Their shape was distorted, and they were smaller than the small-vacuole-like structures observed in sgr2-1. A few amyloplasts in both mutants seemed to contain less starch, especia ...
Tumor-specific T cells in human Merkel cell carcinomas: a possible
... ability of these T cells to access the tumor once they are generated (Gajewski, 2007). T cells are imprinted with expression of tissue specific addressins and preferentially migrate to the peripheral tissue in which they first encountered antigen (Campbell and Butcher, 2002; Kupper and Fuhlbrigge, 2 ...
... ability of these T cells to access the tumor once they are generated (Gajewski, 2007). T cells are imprinted with expression of tissue specific addressins and preferentially migrate to the peripheral tissue in which they first encountered antigen (Campbell and Butcher, 2002; Kupper and Fuhlbrigge, 2 ...
Cytochrome c Is Released in a Reactive Oxygen
... against cyt c. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, obtained from TBY-2 cells subjected to HS (cells in these conditions will be referred to as HS cells), were examined. Typical immunoblots are shown in Figure 1A. Two hours after HS (2-h HS cells), when, due to technical reasons (see ‘‘Materi ...
... against cyt c. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, obtained from TBY-2 cells subjected to HS (cells in these conditions will be referred to as HS cells), were examined. Typical immunoblots are shown in Figure 1A. Two hours after HS (2-h HS cells), when, due to technical reasons (see ‘‘Materi ...
T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis
... access to the host cell cytosol. Among the classes of proteins that may have access to the host cell cytoplasm are several inclusion membrane proteins as well as putative substrates of a Chlamydia type III secretion system. Type III secretion systems are envelope-associated protein complexes capable ...
... access to the host cell cytosol. Among the classes of proteins that may have access to the host cell cytoplasm are several inclusion membrane proteins as well as putative substrates of a Chlamydia type III secretion system. Type III secretion systems are envelope-associated protein complexes capable ...